A Study of 0-14-Year-Old Children’s Access to Health Centers in Rural Areas Using a Buffer Model (a Case Study of Villages Based in Kermanshah Province, Iran)

Abstract Background: Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society, whose health is of prominent significance. Moreover, as a group of clients with special needs in the health care system, they require special attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the 0-14-year-old children’s access to health centers in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, both the latest published demographic statistics related to the Population and Housing Census, announced by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011, and the information about the public and private hospitals in the province, collected by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were used as the basis for the analyses. Additionally, given the importance of spatial nature of the research, GIS was used for data analysis, and a buffer model was also applied. Results: The results revealed that out of the total population of 0-14-year-old children residing in rural areas within 15,000 and 30,000-Kilometer radii of Kermanshah Province, 87.94% and 75.11% of girls versus 88.15% and 75.38% of boys lacked access to health centers, respectively. Conclusion: It was found out that the 0-14-year-old children’s access to health centers was in poor condition in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, which would endanger the health of this age group.

Download Full-text

RELUCTANCE TO SERVE IN RURAL AREAS: DOCTORS' PERSPECTIVE

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v7i3.71 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamkeen Nishat Jaffry ◽

Samiha Mirza ◽

Shehla Farheen ◽

Sadaf Khalid

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Working Environment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Care Services ◽

Rural And Remote Areas ◽

Public And Private Hospitals

Background: Pakistan's health care system has been adversely affected by the non-availability of doctors in its rural and remote areas. It is the high time to realize that the improvement in the standard of health care services can be achieved with willingness and dedication of doctors to work in these areas which is only possible by providing them with suitable working environment. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 200 doctors working in public and private hospitals/clinics of Islamabad, Pakistan. Data was collected through a questionnaire and processed in SPSS software version 16. Results: 200 doctors comprising of 113 males and 87 females were recruited for the study. The mean age was 30 years (0.65 SD). Majority (86.5 %) of the doctors were of the view; that indeed it was the non-availability of doctors at rural health care centres for poor health services in such areas. 83.9 % agreed that basic facilities were lacking in rural areas. Regarding transportation, 74.5 % had the opinion that these facilities were inadequate in rural areas. Nevertheless, 84.5 % agreed that by improving the basic facilities of life, working conditions could be improved. However, 72.5 % supported the idea of extra hard area grant to improve doctors' motivation towards serving rural areas. Conclusion: Doctors were reluctant to serve in rural areas because of the difficulties affecting their social, professional and family life. By developing the infra-structure of health centres and by providing some special incentives to the serving doctors, this issue can be resolved to a considerable extent.

Download Full-text

Hypertension and its Relation with Waist to Hip Ratio in Women Referred to Bojnurd Urban Health Centers in 2014

The Open Hypertension Journal ◽

10.2174/1876526201911010001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Hossein Lashkardoost ◽

Fateme Hoseyni ◽

Elham Rabbani ◽

Farzane Q Moqadam ◽

Leila Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: North Khorasan province has one of the highest rates of hypertension. One of the main causes of hypertension is obesity. Obesity is one of the most important public health problems around the world as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Since a similar study was not conducted in Bojnurd, we examined the relationship between waist to hip ratio with hypertension. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on women referring to Bojnurd health centers. To analyze the data, we used t-test, chi-square, multiple logistic regression and Pearson correlation in Stata 12 software. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of systolic blood pressure was 14.78% and diastolic blood pressure was 15.65%. So waist to the hips showed the highest correlation with the changes in hypertension. Conclusion: There are significant relationships between the age and the number of pregnancies with the risk of hypertension. Since a significant percentage of people are unaware of the existence of hypertension, changing diet and having regular physical activity along with social support is an important strategy.

Download Full-text

Analgesic Effect of Apotel Versus Pethidine After Hemilaminectomy

Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences ◽

10.32598/cjns.5.19.185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 185-189

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Emamhadi ◽

◽

Hamid Behzadnia ◽

Seifollah Jafari ◽

Mohammadreza Zamanidoust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recovery Process ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vas Score ◽

Relieve Pain ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vas Scores ◽

The Difference

Background: Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon, and its management affects considerably on the recovery process, and patients’ satisfaction. Apotel and pethidine are two conventional medicines used to relieve pain after operation. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous injection of Apotel and intramuscular injection of pethidine in relieving pain after hemilaminectomy. Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 150 patients who underwent hemilaminectomy were recruited between May 2015 and November 2015. They were taking either Apotel (n=75) or pethidine (n=75) after the operation, which was done at Poursina Hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht City, Iran. The patients’ pain levels were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), and the results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the total VAS score between the Apotel and pethidine groups (P=0.189). However, there was a significant reduction in VAS score hours 2 (P=0.03) and 4 (P=0.004) hours after the injection of Apotel in this group, compared with those scores in the pethidine group. Also, VAS scores at other times (8, 12, 20, 28 hours after the injection) were lower than those in the pethidine group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Apotel was better pain-killer in the early hours after the first injection compared to pethidine. But its effect was similar to pethidine at the late hours after the first injection. Therefore it seems that Apotel is better painkiller after laminectomy, especially in the early hours after the operation.

Download Full-text

Matching Ethical Climate to Nurses’ Service Behaviors in Public and Private Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-124044/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Na Zhang ◽

Jingjing Li ◽

Xing Bu ◽

Zhenxing Gong

Keyword(s):

Ethical Climate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Public And Private ◽

Service Behavior ◽

Public And Private Hospitals ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Workplace climate is great significant element that has impact on nurses’ behavior and practice; moreover, nurses’ service behavior contributes to the patients’ satisfaction and subsequently to the long-term success of hospitals. Few studies explore how different types of organizational ethical climate encourage nurses to engage in both in-role and extra-role service behaviors, especially in comparing the influencing process between public and private hospitals. This study aimed to compare the relationship between the five types of ethical climate and nurses’ in-role and extra-role service behaviors in public and private hospitals.Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional survey on 559 nurses from China. All participants were investigated using the Ethical Climate Scale and Service Behavior Questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for correlation analysis, t-test and analysis of variance test, and Mplus 7.4 was used for group comparison.Results: The law and code climate has a much greater influence on nurses’ in-role service behavior in private hospitals than on that in public hospitals (β = -.277; CI 95% = [-.452, -.075]; p < .01), and the instrumental climate has a stronger influence on nurses’ extra-role service behavior private hospitals than on that in public hospitals (β = -.352; CI 95% = [-.651, -.056]; p < .05). Meanwhile, the rules climate has a greater effect on nurses’ extra-role service behavior in public hospitals than it does in private hospitals (β = .397; CI 95% = [.120, .651]; p < .01). Conclusions: As the relationship between the five types of ethical climate and nurses’ in-role and extra-role service behaviors in public and private hospitals were different, the strategies used to foster and enhance the types of ethical climate are various from public to private hospitals. The caring and instrumental climate are the key to promote extra-role service behavior for nurses in private hospitals. And independent climate has great effect on extra-role service behaviors for nurses in public hospitals.

Download Full-text

Decomposing inequality in catastrophic health expenditure for self-reported hypertension household in Urban Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2013: two waves’ cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e023033 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yafei Si ◽

Zhongliang Zhou ◽

Min Su ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Xin Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽

Urban China ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveDespite the latest wave of China’s healthcare reform initiated in 2009 has achieved unprecedented progress in rural areas, little is known for specific vulnerable groups’ catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in urban China. This study aims to estimate the trend of incidence, intensity and inequality of CHE in hypertension households (households with one or more than one hypertension patient) in urban Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2013.MethodsBased on the fourth and the fifth National Health Service Surveys of Shaanxi, we identified 460 and 1289 households with hypertension in 2008 and 2013, respectively for our analysis. We classified hypertension households into two groups: simplex households (with hypertension only) and mixed households (with hypertension plus other non-communicable diseases). CHE would be identified if out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure was equal to or higher than 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Concentration index and its decomposition based on Probit regressions were employed to measure the income-related inequality of CHE.ResultsWe find that CHE occurred in 11.2% of the simplex households and 22.1% of the mixed households in 2008, and the 21.5% of the simplex households and the 46.9% of mixed households incurred CHE in 2013. Furthermore, there were strong pro-poor inequalities in CHE in the simplex households (−0.279 and −0.283) and mixed households (−0.362 and −0.262) both in 2008 and 2013. The majority of observed inequalities in CHE could be associated with household economic status, household head’s health status and having elderly members.ConclusionWe find a sharp increase of CHE occurrence and the sustained strong pro-poor inequalities for simplex and mixed households in urban Shaanxi Province of China from 2008 to 2013. Our study suggests that more concerns are needed for the vulnerable groups such as hypertension households in urban areas of China.

Download Full-text

Impact of maternity care policy in Catalonia: a retrospective cross-sectional study of service delivery in public and private hospitals

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-015-0446-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ramón Escuriet-Peiró ◽

Josefina Goberna-Tricas ◽

Maria J Pueyo-Sanchez ◽

Neus Garriga-Comas ◽

Immaculada Úbeda-Bonet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Service Delivery ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Care Policy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Private Hospitals ◽

Public And Private ◽

Public And Private Hospitals

Download Full-text

Awareness about harmful effects of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Shamirpet mandal, Hyderabad

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185244 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

M. Pavani Varma ◽

K. S. V. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Early Stage ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Local Setting ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Harmful Effects

Background: Tobacco smoking is habit which usually begins in the adolescent age. It is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and mortality can be prevented if smoking is quit.Methods: It is a cross sectional study.2 schools were randomly selected from urban and rural areas in field practice area of Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences. A GYTS questionnaire is modified to local setting and administered to the students.Results: A total of 367 students were enrolled. The level of awareness regarding harmful effects of tobacco consumption was good. It was 98.85% in urban areas and 94.84% in rural areas.Conclusions: As adolescent is the age of habit forming identification of the problem and correcting it at early stage itself will be beneficial for individuals, family and society.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Determinants of Them towards Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

10.1101/2022.01.04.21268590 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sultan Mahmud ◽

Md Mohsin ◽

Saddam Hossain Irfan ◽

Abdul Muyeed ◽

Ariful Islam

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Good Practices ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Chi Square Test

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes thousands of deaths in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the high-risk countries among 30 high TB burden countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, attitudes towards TB, and the factors associated with them in the general population of Bangladesh. Method: A web-based anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general population in Bangladesh. A comprehensive consent statement was included at the beginning of the survey by explaining the study's intent, types of questions, anonymous and voluntary nature. Analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 1,180 eligible respondents, 58.64% were males, and 62.37% were married. The majority of the participants (78.28%) were aged between 15 to 44 years. Overall adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices about TB were found respectively in 47.8%, 44.75%, and 31.19% of the general population of Bangladesh. Almost the same sets of associated factors were found to influence adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB among general people. Males, young, unmarried, respondents with higher education, and urban respondents were more likely to have adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB. Conclusion: Policymakers need to design programs and interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and good practices towards TB among the general people by focusing on vulnerable groups such as females, young and older people, people who live in the rural areas, and illiterate/less educated people.

Download Full-text

Multi-mycotoxin exposure of children (0-24 months) in rural maize-subsistence farming areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2019.2439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 401-410

Author(s):

R.S. Tshalibe ◽

J.P. Rheeder ◽

J.F. Alberts ◽

C. Taljaard-Krugell ◽

W.C.A. Gelderblom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Subsistence Farming ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Daily Intakes

In South Africa, child malnutrition is highly prevalent among children from in rural areas mostly at risk. In the Eastern Cape (EC) Province, maize is commonly used as complementary and weaning food. Previous studies conducted in parts of EC have indicated high levels of fumonisin B (FB) mycotoxins in home-grown maize, as well as the co-occurrence of other Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). A cross-sectional study of children below 24 months was conducted in rural maize-subsistence farming areas in Centane, EC to determine mycotoxin exposure. Home-grown maize samples (n=171) were collected from households in the study area and analysed by LC-MS/MS for FB, DON and ZEN. Food intakes of 129 children were quantified using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ). Individual raw maize consumption was calculated using recipes from the QFFQ. Probable daily intakes (PDIs) for each mycotoxin were determined using a deterministic approach and were compared to the respective mycotoxins’ provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). The numerical means for total FB (sum of fumonisin B1, B2 and B3), DON and ZEN levels in home-grown maize were 1,035, 24.5 and 31.0 μg/kg, respectively. Mean daily maize intakes of children ranged from 2-321 g/day and increased with age. The mean PDIs for total FB, DON and ZEN were 8.4, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively. Exposures stratified by age indicated persistent high mean PDIs for total FB, above the PMTDI of 2 μg/kg bw/day, ranging between 5.0-11.6 μg/kg bw/day. Mean exposure to DON and ZEN were below their relevant PMTDIs (1 and 0.5 μg/kg bw/day, respectively). Individually, 81 and 13% of children had exposures above the PMTDI for total FB and for ZEN, respectively. Results confirm the magnitude of FB exposure among vulnerable groups from rural maize subsistence farming areas in EC.

Download Full-text