scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Determinants of Them towards Tuberculosis in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Mahmud ◽  
Md Mohsin ◽  
Saddam Hossain Irfan ◽  
Abdul Muyeed ◽  
Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes thousands of deaths in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the high-risk countries among 30 high TB burden countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, attitudes towards TB, and the factors associated with them in the general population of Bangladesh. Method: A web-based anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general population in Bangladesh. A comprehensive consent statement was included at the beginning of the survey by explaining the study's intent, types of questions, anonymous and voluntary nature. Analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 1,180 eligible respondents, 58.64% were males, and 62.37% were married. The majority of the participants (78.28%) were aged between 15 to 44 years. Overall adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices about TB were found respectively in 47.8%, 44.75%, and 31.19% of the general population of Bangladesh. Almost the same sets of associated factors were found to influence adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB among general people. Males, young, unmarried, respondents with higher education, and urban respondents were more likely to have adequate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices towards TB. Conclusion: Policymakers need to design programs and interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and good practices towards TB among the general people by focusing on vulnerable groups such as females, young and older people, people who live in the rural areas, and illiterate/less educated people.

scholarly journals Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam John Munyogwa ◽  
Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽  
Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata
Keyword(s):  
Central Obesity ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Pressure Ulcer Management among Nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Shrestha ◽  
P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experience Education

Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) development remains a significant complication among at-risk patients. It is considered “never events” because they are preventable and should “never” happen. It has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital cost and length of stay in the hospital. Prevention of pressure ulcers is considered a nurse-sensitive indicator hence nurses should have adequate knowledge about current evidence-based prevention and management of pressure ulcer. However, non adherence to these guidelines is frequent and lack of knowledge may act as barriers to using guidelines in clinical practice.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to 1. assess the knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 2. determine the level of knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 3. assess the association of knowledge of nurses and baseline variables.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, using pretested self administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge on pressure ulcer management among purposively selected 100 nurses working in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital in 2015. Descriptive statistics as frequency and percentage were used and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) was done to find out association between knowledge and selected baseline variables.Results: The study revealed that 59% of the respondents had adequate knowledge where as 41% of nurse’s knowledge was found to be inadequate. Significant association was not found between age, working ward, experience, education, training, duration and knowledge of pressure ulcer management among Nurses.Conclusion: This result indicates that more than half of the nurses had the adequate knowledge but there is still need of education and training related pressure ulcer management.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 47-51

scholarly journals A knowledge and attitude of school teachers towards learning disabilities in Bishnupur district, Manipur: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anaswara S. Asok ◽  
Pooja Akoijam ◽  
Avantika Gupta ◽  
Brogen Singh Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Favourable Attitude ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Learning problems significantly interfere with academic activities that require reading, mathematical or writing skills. In India 10-14% of children have specific learning disability. The teacher with adequate knowledge of learning disabilities and skills or competencies can do better justice to the children than teacher with general pedagogy backgrounds. The study aimed to assess the teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards learning disabilities and to determine the association between knowledge and attitude with their background characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 teachers of both government and private schools of Bishnupur. Data collected using self-administered questionnaires assessing the knowledge and attitude. Data entered in IBM SPSS 21. Data was expressed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test   was used to check significance between proportions.Results: Data was collected from 181 teachers. Mean age of participants was 42.7±1 and 59.1% of them worked in govt. schools and 40.9% in private. 48.1% of them had adequate knowledge on learning disabilities. Majority (93.9%) had favourable attitude. Association between type of school the teachers taught and knowledge was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was no significant association between attitude with any of the socio-demographic variables.Conclusions: More than half of the teachers had inadequate knowledge on learning disabilities while majority of them had favourable attitude. Teachers belonging to govt. schools had better knowledge on learning disabilities.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cryptosporidium in Patients With Gastroenteritis by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Method in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Alireza Javidmehr ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Amir Babak Sioufi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Cryptosporidium species and leads to acute or chronic diarrhea and vomiting in patients. Due to the suitable conditions of East Azerbaijan province for parasite transmission, the present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with diarrhea who referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. In this study, 180 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis by cluster-random sampling. Stool samples were stored in 10% formalin and transferred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for parasite contamination by modified acid-fast staining (Modified Ziehl-Neelsen) method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS. Results: Out of 180 samples, the highest number of diarrhea samples belonged to the age group over 40 years (35.5%) and the lowest belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (7.7%). Additionally, 56% of subjects were male and 44% were female. Of these patients, 57.7% lived in urban areas and 42.3% in rural areas. Cryptosporidium was observed in 1.6% (3 cases) of patients with gastroenteritis. There was a statistically significant relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and the age of patients with diarrhea (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, a lower prevalence of cryptosporidiosis has been determined in comparison with previous studies in East Azerbaijan province. However, Cryptosporidium and other parasitic infections in the feces of patients with diarrhea referred to hospitals or reference laboratories need to be carefully diagnosed by appropriate parasitological methods.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN RURAL NIGERIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY AND A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT LITERATURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Anthonia A. Ikpeme*,Nchiewe E. Ani, Edoise M. Isiwele, Andrew E. Ekpenyong,Emmanuel E. Ekanem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross River State

Introduction: Over 80% of cardiovascular deaths take place in low and middle incomecountries. These cardiovascular deaths are caused by modifiable risk factors. Evidenceis emerging that some of these factors maybe even more prevalent in rural areas whichare generally underserved.Aim: The aim of this study was to record risk factors for cardiovascular disease inrural communities in south southern Nigeria and review some related literature.Methods: A cross sectional study during clinical outreach activities that took placein 2016 to 2018 in several rural and few urban communities in Cross River State,Nigeria. Participating individuals gave full consent and ethical clearance obtained.Socio-demographic data, Anthropometric data and Blood sugar measurements wereobtained. Data extracted was transferred into EXCEL thereafter analysis was doneusing SPSS version 21. p values less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant.Tests of significance included Anova, chi square and student t- tests.Results: Total population investigated over the 3 year period was 504. (2016-33.1%),(2017 -37.9%), (2018 – 28%) with a Female: Male distribution of 1:1.Most participants tended to be overweight across the years 59.7%, 59.1%, 73.7%,2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively. The prevalence of Hypertension was 10.71%. Nosignificant gender difference in the prevalence of Hypertension (6.94% males to 3.77%females, p=0.097). The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 10.67%. There was nosignificant gender prevalence (6.67% males to 4.00% females, p =0.431)Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease remains relatively uncommon in Sub-SaharanAfrica, despite an increasing prevalence of risk factors, but it’s incidence is rising.Steps should be taken in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent an epidemic. This involvesdetailed and regular screening for cardiovascular risk factors in rural communities.Key words: RISK FACTORS, Cardio vascular disease, South South Nigeria.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Perception, Attitude, Practice, and Barriers towards COVID-19 Infection among Saudi Residents in the Period of Rapid Outbreak of the Disease: A Cross Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Md Salahuddin Ansari ◽  
Faisal Al-Otaibi
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Appropriate Practices

The adherences to protective actions are subjective to knowledge, perception, attitude, practice and barriers towards COVID-19 by Saudi residents. The self-design questionnaires were used as a cross-sectional online survey for assessed their social and behavioral parameters during the agonizing time. The cross-sectional study used data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire from 2216 Saudi residents. SPSS software and chi-square test were applied to analyze and categorize significant differences among sectional variables of the parameters. More than 95% of responders were well aware about the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection and had sufficient knowledge about the protocols of five steps to stop the spread of coronavirus. Apositive perception towards COVID-19 was observed, about 55% participants strongly agreed that the coronavirus outbreak could impact the global economy and infection could be successfully controlled by imposing lockdown and by staying at home. The majority of respondents had good practices regarding COVID-19 infection. A high percentage of participants favored wearing masks, cleaning hands and frequently using hand sanitizer. A large number of participant (83.2%; n=1844) agreed that misinformation and rumors are spreading more quickly than the current outbreak of the new coronavirus. The findings suggested that Saudi residents are possessed good knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise of the COVID-19 outbreak. Hopefully, under the combined efforts of WHO, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, all Saudi residents surely will win the battle against COVID-19 very soon.

scholarly journals Pattern and cost of physical injury treatment in a rural community

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
Ankeeta Menona Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Chi Square Test

The global burden of injuries in 2017 showed that 57.2 million people were affected. The study aimed to assess the patterns of injuries and costs related to the treatment of injuries. Injury in rural areas tends to be under-reported, which hinders estimation of the true prevalence of physical injuries for implementing injury prevention strategies at the community level. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of a private medical college from May to August 2019. Physical injuries sustained by 1723 individuals over three months were collected and were classified based on ICD-10. Descriptive data were expressed using frequencies and percentages and median (Interquartile Range). Independent T-test, Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square test was used to determine statistical differences between the variables. The total number of injuries recorded was 105(6.9%) among 1723 individuals. The most common injuries were superficial injuries in 77 (70.0%), of which 98(89.1%), of which the upper 55(50.0%) limb was more affected than lower limbs 43(39.1%). The overall 3-month injury rate was 60.94(49.6-72.23) per 1000 persons. The median amount of money spent on the treatment of injuries was INR 225.0(50.0-1000.0).

scholarly journals Route of birth delivery preferred by mothers and their motivations

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Kottwitz ◽  
Helga Geremias Gouveia ◽  
Annelise de Carvalho Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Route Of Delivery ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Objective: Identify the route of birth delivery preferred by mothers and their motivations. Method: Cross-sectional study with 361 mothers from a university hospital. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from February to April 2013. Descriptive analysis was performed and the Chi-square test was used to verify association among the variables. Results: 77.6% of the women preferred vaginal delivery and the reason reported by 81.8% of them was easier recovery postpartum; 20.5% believed they took part in the decision-making concerning the type of delivery; 64.5% believed the type of delivery they experienced did not involve risk for themselves, while 21.9% believed it involved risk for the newborn. Statistical association was found between number of deliveries and type of previous delivery with the preferred route of delivery. Conclusion: Women did not have adequate knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of different types of delivery and for this reason were not empowered to exert their autonomy in regard to this decision.

scholarly journals Perception, knowledge, and attitudes towards molar incisor hypomineralization among Spanish dentists: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Serna-Muñoz ◽  
Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto ◽  
Amparo Pérez-Silva ◽  
Andrea Poza-Pascual ◽  
Francisco Javier Ibáñez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing health problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge, and clinical experiences of MIH in general dental practitioners (GDPs) and paediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain. Methods All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a two-part questionnaire including sociodemographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and Cramer’s V test. Results The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31–40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of PDs had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p <  0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have made a training course on MIH. With respect to the aetiology, chronic medical conditions (p = 0.029) and environmental pollutants (p = 0.008) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p = 0.009) and remineralization potential (p = 0.018) were the factors where there was a between-group difference in the choice of the restoration material. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities, the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p = 0.032) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH. Conclusion Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice was RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Dentists believe it is difficult or very difficult to manage MIH, since the long-term success of restorations of MIH lesions is compromised because resin adhesion is not good. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH.

scholarly journals A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subhan Arshad ◽  
Iltaf Hussain ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Khezar Hayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Participants

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis. A total of 2158 respondents completed the questionnaire, among them 1192 (55.2%) were male with 23.87 (SD: ±6.23) years as mean age. The conspiracy beliefs circulating regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were believed by 9.3% to 28.4% of the study participants. Among them, 1040 (48.2%) agreed to vaccinate on its availability while 934 (43.3%) reported the Chinese vaccine as their preference. The conspiracy beliefs of the participants were significantly associated with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The existence of conspiracy beliefs and low vaccine acceptance among the general population is a serious threat to successful COVID-19 vaccination.

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