scholarly journals Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Geng ◽  
Zhenyu Lei ◽  
Cheng Ye ◽  
Bang Shen ◽  
Rui Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Animal Experiment ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
Specific Pcr

Abstract Background：Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease that causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. At present, the primary control strategy is administration of anticoccidial drugs with feed. However, overuse of anticoccidials, such as sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SC), has resulted in an increase in the emergence of drug resistance.Methods: We aimed to evaluate coccidiosis prevalence and SC resistance in field isolates to provide reasonable guidance on the use of anticoccidial drugs in the Hubei and Henan provinces. We collected 318 fresh fecal samples from 137 chicken farms. We used internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence of ribosomal DNA to identify the species from 94 samples that were collected from different farms and to assess drug resistance.Results: As shown by genus-specific PCR results, the positivity rate of Eimeria was 97.17 % (309/318), and the most common species were E. mitis (66.67%), E. tenella (46.86%), and E. necatrix (41.51%). Animal experiment demonstrated that 25 strains were completely resistant to SC, among which 16 were from Henan and nine were from Hubei. Twenty-four strains were partially resistant, among which 8 and 16 strains were identified from Hubei and Henan, respectively.Conclusions: In summary, these data indicated that chicken coccidia is ubiquitous and SC resistance is widespread, in the Hubei and Henan provinces. The results provide important insights into the control of chicken coccidiosis in this region.

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cadavid ◽  
J. C. Ángel ◽  
J. I. Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
First Report ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
New Cultivars

Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were first observed in July 2010 on sugarcane (interspecific hybrid of Saccharum L. species) cv. CC 01-1884 planted in the La Cabaña Sugar Mill, Puerto Tejada, Colombia. Morphological features of uredinial lesions and urediniospores inspected with an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy were distinct from common rust of sugarcane caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd., revealing spores identical morphologically to those described for the fungus P. kuehnii (Kruger) E. Butler, causal agent of sugarcane orange rust (1,3). Uredinial lesions were orange and distinctly lighter in color than pustules of P. melanocephala. Urediniospores were orange to light cinnamon brown, mostly ovoid to pyriform, variable in size (27.3 to 39.2 × 16.7 to 21.2 μm), with pronounced apical wall and moderately echinulate with spines evenly distributed. Paraphyses, telia, and teliospores were not observed. Species-specific PCR primers designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA regions of P. melanocephala and P. kuehnii were used to differentiate the two species (2). The primers Pm1-F and Pm1-R amplified a 480-bp product from P. melanocepahala DNA in leaf samples with symptoms of common rust. By contrast, the primers Pk1-F and Pk1-R generated a 527-bp product from presumed P. kuehnii DNA in leaf samples with signs of orange rust, confirming the identity as P. kuehnii. The Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Cenicaña) started a survey of different cultivars in nurseries and experimental and commercial fields in the Cauca River Valley and collected leaf samples for additional analyses. Experimental cvs. CC 01-1884, CC 01-1866, and CC 01-1305 were found to be highly susceptible to orange rust and were eliminated from regional trials, whereas commercial cvs. CC 85-92 and CC 84-75, the most widely grown cultivars, were resistant. With the discovery of orange rust of sugarcane in Colombia, Cenicaña has incorporated orange rust resistance in the selection and development of new cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kuehnii on sugarcane in Colombia. Orange rust has also been reported from the United States, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Brazil. References: (1) J. C. Comstock et al. Plant Dis. 92:175, 2008. (2) N. C. Glynn et al. Plant Pathol. 59:703, 2010. (3) E. V. Virtudazo et al. Mycoscience 42:167, 2001.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI CACING HATI SAPI PERAH PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Madi Hartono ◽  
Purnama Edy Santosa ◽  
Sri Suharyati ◽  
Hindun Larasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Faecal Samples

The study was conducted on dairy cattle livestock at Lampung Province in July - August 2012, aiming to determine the prevalence of liver worms. Disease in livestock caused by liver worm infections are called Fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease because it can cause high economic losses. The research method was the census method. Data retrieval were 125 dairy cattle faecal samples from people's dairy farms in Lampung Province. The datas obtained were analyzed descriptively. Examination of faecal samples was carried out at the Lampung Veterinary Center using the Sedimentation Test. The results showed the prevalence of liver worms in dairy cattle in Lampung Province was 12.00%, 15 dairy cattle those were positively infested by liver worms. The highest dairy cattle prevalence in West Lampung Regency at 33.33%, while the lowest prevalence is in dairy cattle in Bandar Lampung City and Tanggamus Regency at 0%. Keywords:  Dairy Cattle Livestock, Lampung Province, Liver Worms, Prevalence, Sedimentation Test

Toxigenic Fusarium species infecting wheat heads in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Łukasz Stępień ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Monika Beszterda ◽  
Tomasz Góral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Specific Pcr

AbstractToxigenic Fusarium species are common pathogens of wheat and other cereals worldwide. In total, 449 wheat heads from six localities in Poland, heavily infected with Fusarium during 2009 season, were examined for Fusarium species identification. F. culmorum was the most common species (72.1% on average) with F. graminearum and F. avenaceum the next most commonly observed, but much less frequent (13.4 and 12.5% respectively). F. cerealis was found in 1.8% of all samples, and F. tricinctum was found only in one sample (0.2%). Subsequent quantification of the three major mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and moniliformin) in grain and chaff fractions with respect to associated prevailing pathogen species uncovered the following patterns. Moniliformin (MON) was found in low amounts in all samples with F. avenaceum present. In contrast, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) were the contaminants of F. culmorum- and F. graminearum-infected heads. The highest concentration of DON was recorded in grain sample collected in Radzików (77 µg g−1). High temperatures in Central Poland during July and August accompanied with high rainfall in July were responsible for this high DON accumulation. Trichothecene, zearalenone, enniatin and beauvericin chemotypes were identified among 21 purified isolates using gene-specific PCR markers.

Genetic Diversity and Origin of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) in Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Scott ◽  
Corinna L. Lange ◽  
Glenn C. Graham ◽  
David K. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
Its1 Region ◽  
Native And Introduced Ranges ◽  
The U.S

Asynchronous flowering was noted in a recently discovered infestation of siam weed in north Queensland. This may indicate some genetic diversity in the infestation, increasing concerns about the origin of the infestation. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence data were obtained for siam weed individuals from north Queensland, Indonesia, Thailand, South Africa, Ivory Coast, Brazil, Colombia, and the U.S. The ITS1 region is 258 base pairs long, and the populations that flower at different times in north Queensland differ by four base substitutions. The genotype common in north Queensland is also reported throughout the native and introduced ranges. The other genotype is reported only in north Queensland and southern Brazil. These data, in conjunction with prior investigations into possible origins, indicate that Brazil is the most likely source of the infestation in Australia.

scholarly journals Comparison of two in vitro methods for the detection of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urda Dolinská ◽  
A. Königová ◽  
M. Babják ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

SummaryGastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in sheep cause severe economic losses. Anthelmintics are the most commonly used drugs for prophylaxis and therapy against parasitic helminths. The problem of drug resistance has developed for all commercially available anthelmintics in several genera and classes of helminths. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to detect anthelmintic resistance. Two in vitro methods (larval migration inhibition test and micromotility test) for the detection of ivermectin (IVM) resistance were compared using IVM-resistant and IVM-susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The degree of resistance for each test was expressed as a resistance factor (RF). The micromotility test was more sensitive for quantitatively measuring the degree of resistance between susceptible and resistant isolates. The RFs for this test for IVM and eprinomectin ranged from 1.00 to 108.05 and from 3.87 to 32.32, respectively.

IDENTIFICATION OF PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA (DINOPHYCEAE) AND PFIESTERIA-LIKE ORGANISMS USING INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER-SPECIFIC PCR ASSAYS1

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wayne Litaker ◽  
Mark W. Vandersea ◽  
Steven R. Kibler ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Nancy A. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pfiesteria Piscicida
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