scholarly journals MLST Application in Analysis of Relationship between Group B Streptococcus Resistance Gene and Induction Resistance in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yisheng Chen ◽  
Yiqian Peng ◽  
Nanyan Jiang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background With the gradual severe bacterial resistance and slow development of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacterial strains are widely distributed and have become a serious public health problem. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) which cause Group B strep-related disease is the major cause of severe infection in newborns. However, Clindamycin resistance of GBS induced by Erythromycin is emerging and become important clinical concerns today. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the drug resistance analysis of GBS strains isolated from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. The clinical and microbiological data including patient demographics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, relative distribution drug resistance-associated genes mefA & ermB to Erythromycin, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST typing) were collected and analyzed. The Kirby-Bauer and VITEK2-compact were used to perform the susceptibility testing. The double disk diffusion method (D-test) was used for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance. MLST was employed to identify sequence types of these strains. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted to detect the drug resistance genes mefA & ermB to Erythromycin. Results A total of 1021 strains were cultured and isolated from 31894 specimens. Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was 53.6%（547/1021）and 50.1 % (512/1021), respectively, in which 74.4%（407/547）had harbored constitutive macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B resistance (cMLS B ), 45.0%（63/140）were inducible MLS B (iMLS B ). Additionally, MLST identified 12 different ST types including a new ST type ST1072 in 63 iMLS B GBS strains and the dominant STs were ST12 (30.1%) and ST19 (25.4%). The resistance ratio of ST19 to Levofloxacin (75.0%) was higher than that of other ST types. The relevance resistance ratio of mefA and ermB was respectively 27.0% and 41.3% among 63 GBS isolates. Conclusion Our study not only demonstrated a genetic diversity in iMLS B GBS in Shanghai through the analysis of MLST typing and resistance genes, but also found that there exist different distribution patterns of resistance and related resistance genes between different ST types. These findings would provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and treatment of resistant iMLS B GBS infection.

scholarly journals Infection and drug resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae among perinatal pregnant women in Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuli Guo ◽  
Xiandao Luo ◽  
Haiying Jia ◽  
Xiuhui Pang ◽  
Changmin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) is one of the most common pathogens causing meningitis, bacteremia and pneumonia. The drug resistance mechanisms of group B streptococcus in different countries and regions also show regional differences.Method: The study population was comprised of 1877 pregnant women of 34-38 weeks who underwent prenatal examination in the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic of Xinjiang People's Hospital, between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020. Clinic specimens were collected and identified by the API bacteria Rapid Identification card for the downstream group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) isolation. Drug susceptibility of the Streptococcus agalactiae isolated was detected by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was determined by D test. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Gene sequencing was performed for the resistance genes ermA, ermB, mreA, erm (47), mefA/E and Lin B.Results: 149 Streptococcus agalactiae-positive strains were identified by clinical isolation, with a positive rate of 7.94%. Group B Streptococcus showed 100% susceptibility to linezolid, penicillin, vancomycin, meropenem, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, 44.97%, 35.57%, 56.38% and 29.53% susceptibility to levofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and clindamycin, respectively. Among the 149 isolates, 127 strains showed macrolide resistance phenotype. The detection rate of intrinsic resistance phenotype (cMLS) was 40.94% (59/127), active efflux resistance phenotype (MS) 9.45% (12/127), and induced resistance phenotype (iMLS) 22.83% (29/127).Conclusion: The ermB gene-mediated 50s ribosome target site change co-existing with mreA gene for macrolide resistance efflux may play a major role in the mechanism of Streptococcus agalactiae resistance macrolide resistance of in perinatal women in Xinjiang. The change of 50s ribosomal target site mediated by ermB gene may be the main reason for drug cross-resistance.

scholarly journals Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase fromStreptococcus agalactiaeNEM316

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 938-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathi Nagarajan ◽  
Karthe Ponnuraj
Keyword(s):  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Essential Enzyme ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Group B ◽  
Surface Adhesins

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential enzyme involved in glycolysis. Despite lacking the secretory signal sequence, this cytosolic enzyme has been found localized at the surface of several bacteria and fungi. As a surface protein, GAPDH exhibits various adhesive functions, thereby facilitating colonization and invasion of host tissues.Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B streptococcus (GBS), binds onto the host using its surface adhesins and causes sepsis and pneumonia in neonates. GAPDH is one of the surface adhesins of GBS binding to human plasminogen and is a virulent factor associated with host colonization. Although the surface-associated GAPDH has been shown to bind to a variety of host extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in various bacteria, the molecular mechanism underlying their interaction is not fully understood. To investigate this, structural studies on GAPDH ofS. agalactiaewere initiated. ThegapCgene ofS. agalactiaeNEM316 encoding GAPDH protein was cloned into pET-28a vector, overexpressed inEscherichia coliBL21(DE3) cells and purified to homogeneity. The purified protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The GAPDH crystals obtained in two different crystallization conditions diffracted to 2.8 and 2.6 Å resolution, belonging to two different space groupsP21andP212121, respectively. The structure was solved by molecular replacement and structure refinement is now in progress.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization in Near-Term Pregnant Women, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woubishet Girma ◽  
Nadia Yimer ◽  
Tesfaye Kassa ◽  
Elias Yesuf
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is recognized as an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaginal carriage of GBS (Streptococcus agalactiae) can lead to vertical transmission to the neonate at the time of delivery. However, little is known about its prevalence, predictors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Jimma, Ethiopia. This study assessed the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and determinants of GBS recto-vaginal colonization among near-term pregnant women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2015 at Jimma University Medical Centre in Southwest Ethiopia. Data through questionnaire and GBS isolates from vaginal and rectal swabs were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among near term pregnant women (35-37 weeks) was 16.3% (22/135). The majority of GBS isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin and Penicillin G with 95.5% and 90.1%, respectively. Erythromycin and clindamycin were resisted by 50% and 40.9% of the isolates, respectively, whereas gentamicin was resisted by all isolates. GBS colonization was significantly associated with a history of preterm delivery (PTD) (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.42, 28.3) and history of urinary tract infection (UTI) during current pregnancy (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI, 1.95, 21.1).CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that one among six near-term pregnant women had recto-vaginal GBS colonization. In places where universal screening is not feasible, selective screening for factors particularly history of PTD and UTI during current pregnancy may be a reasonable option. Antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed while using Erythromycin, Clindamycin or Gentamicin. 

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Mudzana ◽  
Rooyen T Mavenyengwa ◽  
Muchaneta Gudza-Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: Streptococcus agalacticae is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) virulence factors are important in the development of vaccines, whilst antibiotic resistance genes are necessary in understanding the resistance mechanisms used by these pathogens. This study was carried out to identify the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from vaginal samples that were collected from all HIV positive and HIV negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at both Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods including molecular tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using 3 antibiotics was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes in the isolates. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0 and the Spearman rank correlation test used to determine any correlation among genes.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified. The profiles hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) and hly-scpB-bca 18.6% (8/43) were common among GBS isolates. The following virulence gene frequencies were obtained namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). Antibiotic resistance genes showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene amplification yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded a low 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of multiple virulence genes hly, scpB, bca and rib in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was found to be predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.

scholarly journals The Molecular Epidemiology of Resistance to Antibiotics among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Azerbaijan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kashefieh ◽  
Hassan Hosainzadegan ◽  
Shabnam Baghbanijavid ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
State Hospitals ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in the world. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of drug resistance in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Azerbaijan, Iran. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 nonduplicated isolates were obtained from the different wards of Azerbaijan state hospitals, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done. The DNA was extracted, and the PCR for evaluation of the resistance genes was carried out. Results. The highest antibiotic resistance was shown to ampicillin (96%), and the highest susceptibility was shown to tigecycline (9%), and 85% of isolates were multidrug resistant. The most frequent ESBL gene in the tested isolates was blaSHV-1 in 58%, followed by blaCTXM-15 (55%) and blaSHV-11(42%). The qepA, oqxB, and oqxA genes were found to be 95%, 87.5%, and 70%, respectively. We detected tetB in 42%, tetA in 32%, tetD in 21%, and tetC in 16%. Seventy isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole, and the rate of resistance genes was sul1 in 71%, followed by sul2 (43%), dfr (29%), and sul3 (7%). The most common aminoglycoside resistance genes were ant3Ia, aac6Ib, aph3Ib, and APHs in 44%, 32%, 32%, and 31.4%, respectively. The most frequent resistance gene to fosfomycin was fosA (40%) and fosX (40%) followed by fosC (20%). Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the high frequency of drug resistance among K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitals of Azerbaijan state. The present study shows the presence of high levels of drug-resistant genes in various antibiotics, which are usually used in the treatment of infections due to K. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Response of Group B Streptococcus to the Combination of Gold Nanoparticles-Erythromycin as a Nanoweapon

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Fozouni ◽  
Prastoo Vaezi ◽  
Ania Ahani Azari
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Group B

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes a wide range of adverse effects in both mothers and infants during pregnancy and after delivery. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of erythromycin either alone or in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the clinical GBS isolated from pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 106 women aged 16 - 48 years. After identification of GBS strains by phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR), erythromycin-resistant isolates were identified using the Kirby-Bauer test and broth microdilution method according to CLSI-2015 guidelines. The antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin (either alone or combined with AuNPs) were assessed by the agar well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Results: The frequency of GBS isolates was significantly high in the pregnant women aged less than 40 years (73.9%) (P = 0.0251), those with a history of abortion (60.9%) (P = 0.038), and residents of rural areas (60%) (P = 0.038). Moreover, 65.2% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The MIC of AuNPs-erythromycin combination required to inhibit the growth of 50% of GBS isolates (MIC50 = 0.25 μg/mL) was significantly lower than the concentration of AuNP-erythromycin required to inhibit the growth of 90% of the isolates (MIC90 = 1 μg/mL) (P = 0.02), indicating a 16-fold lower dose than the values for erythromycin and AuNPs alone. In the agar well-diffusion method, the average diameter of the growth inhibition zone of AuNPs-erythromycin was 2.5-fold greater than that of free erythromycin (P = 0.037). Conclusions: The results showed that the combination of erythromycin with AuNPs increased the antibacterial effects of erythromycin against GBS isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Pregnant Women in Jiangsu, East China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Hongmei Qiu ◽  
Ge Yanmei ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
Shuhui Bian
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
East China ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background : Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis. This study assessed the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women in Jiangsu, East China. Methods: A total of 16,184 pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks , gestation aged 16–47 years were recruited from Nanjing Kingmed Diagnostics, including 9022 pregnant women who received GBS screening by PCR detection and 7162 by bacterial culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on GBS positive samples. Results: The overall GBS prevalence was 8.7% for pregnant women studied by PCR and 3.5% by culture. The 25-29 age group had the highest rate of GBS colonization in the pregnant women. The prevalence of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and levofloxacin was 77.5%, 68.3% and 52.2%, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed the prevalence characteristics of GBS in pregnant women and the difference of GBS colonization between culture and PCR in Jiangsu province.

Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Patients in Khorramabad City, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Zeinab Babaie ◽  
Somayeh Delfani ◽  
Faranak Rezaei ◽  
Fatemeh Norolahi ◽  
Somayeh Mahdian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of infections in hospitals, especially in intensive care units. Nowadays, due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter bumanni to antibiotics, this study, in addition to the phenotypic and genotypic investigations of drug resistance, focused on determining the molecular types of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Khorramabad city by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 samples of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from educational hospitals in Khorramabad city, Iran, from January to August 2015. They were identified in the laboratory using biochemical tests and culture methods. After determining the drug resistance pattern by the disc diffusion method and percentage of resistance genes to carbapenems, Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were analyzed using the PFGE method using the Apa1 enzyme. Results: The highest antibiotic resistance observed for Acinetobacter baumannii strains was against ampicillin-sulbactam (100%) and aztreonam (98%). The highest sensitivity was to polymixin B (100%) and colistin (94%), and also to the OXA-51-like gene present in all samples. The OXA-23-like gene was positive in 44 (88%) samples. PFGE results showed that Acinetobacterbaumannii strains had 33 different pulsotype patterns, of which 27 patterns had more than one strain and 23 had only one strain. Conclusion: Due to the high resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and its ease of spread and its ability to transfer resistance genes, resistance control methods should be used in the disinfection of hospital areas. Hospital staff should observe hygiene standards and there should also be a reduction in antibiotic use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document