scholarly journals Characteristics of structured physical training currently provided in cardiac patients: insights from the Exercise Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation (ETCR) Italian survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ambrosetti ◽  
Patrick Doherty ◽  
Pompilio Faggiano ◽  
Ugo Corrà ◽  
Carlo Vigorito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Training Interval ◽  
Training Modalities

<p>BACKGROUND.  Uncertainty exists about current delivery levels of exercise training (ET) during Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programmes. AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate ET modalities in the real world of CR facilities in Italy. METHODS. This was an observational survey of aggregate data, collected from CR facilities on a voluntary basis. Snapshots of a single working day at a local site were made, in terms of characteristics of patients and ET programmes delivered. RESULTS. Overall, 612 patients from 26 CR units were included, with an in-patient vs. out-patient ratio of 3:1. Coronary artery disease (57.6%), heart failure (20.3%), and valve disease/surgery (22.1%) were the most represented target groups. The prevalence of endurance continuous training, interval training, and resistance/strength training was 66.7%, 11.1%, and 9.0%; other non-aerobic endurance and non-resistance training modalities such as respiratory muscle training and calisthenics were reported in 39.9% and 42.9% of cases respectively. Workloads for endurance exercise training were determined by cardiopulmonary test, conventional 12-leads ECG exercise testing, 6min-walking test, theoretical determination of heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion in 9%, 8%, 27%, 9%, and 40% of cases respectively. The average duration of the programmes (on an intention to treat basis) was 25 sessions of 42±11  minutes, with a frequency of &gt;4 sessions/week in 67% of patients. CONCLUSIONS. Despite advances in CR interventions, there is a significant need for improvement of functional evaluation and exercise training prescription, and consideration of a wider range of training modalities in Italy. </p>

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of HIIT in CR; there is little evidence on the feasibility of HIIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of HIIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site HIIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (6-20 points) were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 151 patients (33% women, 57.5 ± 9.1 years) attended the HIIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14 ± 2) and “very light” for LO (10 ± 2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found HIIT to be difficult (7 ± 2 points, scale range 0-10 points), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: HIIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing Aerobic Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. Aerobic interval training (AIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of AIT in CR settings; there is little evidence on the feasibility of AIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of AIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site AIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 160 patients (33% women, 67% men, 57.2 ± 9.6 years) attended the AIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14±1) and “very light” for LO (10±2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found AIT to be difficult (7±2), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: AIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Responses to Three Distinct Exercise Training Regimens Performed in an Outdoor Setting: Acute and Delayed Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Stefano Benítez-Flores ◽  
Carlos A. Magallanes ◽  
Cristine Lima Alberton ◽  
Todd A. Astorino
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Continuous Training

The aim of this study was to compare the acute responses to three time-matched exercise regimens. Ten trained adults (age, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and body mass index (BMI) = 25.9 ± 5.6 yr, 50.9 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, and 22.1 ± 1.8 kg·m−2) completed sprint interval training (SIT) requiring 14 × 5 s efforts with 35 s of recovery, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of 18 × 15 s efforts at ~90% of peak heart rate (HRpeak) with 15 s of recovery, and vigorous continuous training (CT) consisting of 8.75 min at ~85 %HRpeak, in randomized order. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were monitored. Moreover, indices of neuromuscular function, autonomic balance, diet, mental stress, incidental physical activity (PA), and sleep were measured 24 h after each session to analyze the magnitude of recovery. Both HIIT and CT exhibited a greater %HRpeak and time ≥ 90 %HRpeak than SIT (p < 0.05). Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion were higher in response to SIT and HIIT vs. CT (p < 0.05); however, there were no differences in enjoyment (p > 0.05). No differences were exhibited in any variable assessed along 24 h post-exercise between conditions (p > 0.05). These data suggest that HIIT and CT accumulate the longest duration at near maximal intensities, which is considered a key factor to enhance VO2max.

scholarly journals Development of reference equations for the six-minute walk distance of school-aged Nigerian children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Odion Ubuane ◽  
Olufunke Adewumi Ajiboye ◽  
Motunrayo Oluwabukola Adekunle ◽  
Ayodeji Olushola Akinola ◽  
Gbenga Akinyosoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Reference Equations ◽  
Minute Walk Distance ◽  
Minute Walk

BACKGROUND: The six-minute walk test (6MWT), a simple, reliable and valid test that uses the distance walked in six minutes (six-minute walk distance, 6MWD) to quantify functional exercise capacity, is widely used in chronic cardiopulmonary and non-cardiopulmonary disorders. However, th absence of reference standards for Nigerian school-aged children limits its utility in this age group OBJECTIVES: To develop normative values and equations for the 6MWT of school-aged Nigerian children METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, healthy Nigerian children aged 6-11 years in Lagos completed 6MWT on 20-meter straight outdoor courses in their schools following standardized guidelines. Potential predictors: demographic (age, sex), anthropometric (height, weight, chest circumference, leg length) and physiological data [pre-walk, immediate post-walk and 5th-minute post-walk heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE)] and the difference between pre-walk and post-walk HR (HR change), SpO2 (SpO2 change), SBP (SBP change), DBP (DBP change) and RPE (RPE change). Primary outcomes:six-minute walk distance (6MWD) in meters. RESULTS: Overall, 627 pupils (52.1% girls) walked 504.6 (66.6) m (95% CI: 499.4, 509.8), ranging from 326.6 to 673.0 m; boys walking 16 m longer (p=0.002). Stepwise linear regression yielded 6MWD=347.9+14(Age in years)+1.6(HR change)+17.6(sex; male=1, female=0)+1.2(SBP change);R square=0.25.Previously published reference equations mostly over-estimated Nigerian children's 6MWD. CONCLUSION: The reference values and equations, after validation in other Nigerian geographic populations, may be useful for the functional evaluation of Nigerian children aged 6-11 years with chronic childhood disorders.

scholarly journals Metabolism and Exercise During Youth—The Year That Was 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski-Fruer ◽  
Alice Emily Thackray
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Continuous Training

Two publications were selected because they are excellent representations of studies examining different ends of the exercise-sedentary behavior continuum in young people. The first study is an acute response study with 13 mixed-sex, mid to late adolescents presenting complete data from 4 different randomized experimental crossover conditions for analyses. Continuous glucose monitoring showed that interrupting prolonged continuous sitting with body-weight resistance exercises reduced the postprandial glucose concentration compared with a time-matched uninterrupted period of sitting. Furthermore, the effects of the breaks in sitting time were independent of the energy content of the standardized meals, but variations in the area under the glucose time curves expression were important. The second study adopted a chronic 12-week exercise training intervention design with a large sample of obese children and adolescents who were allocated randomly to high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training, or nutritional advice groups. HIIT was the most efficacious for improving cardiorespiratory fitness compared with the other interventions; however, cardiometabolic biomarkers and visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue did not change meaningfully in any group over the 12 weeks. Attrition rates from both HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training groups reduce the validity of the exercise training comparison, yet this still provides a solid platform for future research comparisons using HIIT in young people.

Time Spent Near V˙O2max During Different Cycling Self-Paced Interval Training Protocols

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cristiano Dall’ Agnol ◽  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Ricardo Dantas De Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Work Recovery

Purpose: Cyclists may increase exercise intensity by prolonging exercise duration and/or shortening the recovery period during self-paced interval training, which could impact the time spent near . Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare the time spent near during 4 different self-paced interval training sessions. Methods: After an incremental test, 11 cyclists (mean [SD]: age = 34.4 [6.2] y; ) performed in a randomized order 4 self-paced interval training sessions characterized by a work–recovery ratio of 4:1 or 2:1. Sessions comprised 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of cycling with 1 minute (4/1) or 2 minutes (4/2) of active recovery or 8 minutes of cycling with 2 minutes (8/2) or 4 minutes (8/4) of active recovery. Time spent at 90% to 94% (), ≥95% (), and 90% to 100% () was analyzed in absolute terms and relative to the total work duration. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were compared. Results: The 8/4 session provided higher absolute and than 8/2 (P = .015 and .029) and 4/1 (P = .002 and .047). The 4/2 protocol elicited higher relative (47.7% [26.9%]) and (23.5% [22.7%]) than 4/1 (P = .015 and .028) and 8/2 (P < .01). Session 4/2 (275 [23] W) elicited greater mean power output (P < .01) than 4/1 (261 [27] W), 8/4 (250 [25] W), and 8/2 (234 [23] W). Conclusions: Self-paced interval training composed of 4-minute and 8-minute work periods efficiently elicit , but protocols with a work–recovery ratio of 2:1 (ie, 4/2 and 8/4) could be prioritized to maximize .

scholarly journals The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Whitty ◽  
Aron J. Murphy ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Mark L. Watsford
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Cadence

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high- and low-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence (FCC) and performance in endurance-trained cyclists. Sixteen male endurance-trained cyclists completed a series of submaximal rides at 60% maximal power (Wmax) at cadences of 50, 70, 90, and 110 r·min−1, and their FCC to determine their preferred cadence, gross efficiency (GE), rating of perceived exertion, and crank torque profile. Performance was measured via a 15-min time trial, which was preloaded with a cycle at 60% Wmax. Following the testing, the participants were randomly assigned to a high-cadence (HC) (20% above FCC) or a low-cadence (LC) (20% below FCC) group for 18 interval-based training sessions over 6 weeks. The HC group increased their FCC from 92 to 101 r·min−1 after the intervention (p = 0.01), whereas the LC group remained unchanged (93 r·min−1). GE increased from 22.7% to 23.6% in the HC group at 90 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), from 20.0% to 20.9% at 110 r·min−1 (p = 0.05), and from 22.8% to 23.2% at their FCC. Both groups significantly increased their total distance and average power output following training, with the LC group recording a superior performance measure. There were minimal changes to the crank torque profile in both groups following training. This study demonstrated that the FCC can be altered with HC interval training and that the determinants of the optimal cycling cadence are multifactorial and not completely understood. Furthermore, LC interval training may significantly improve time-trial results of short duration as a result of an increase in strength development or possible neuromuscular adaptations.

scholarly journals Ventilatory support or respiratory muscle training as adjuncts to exercise in obese CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vivodtzev ◽  
Renaud Tamisier ◽  
Marilie Croteau ◽  
Jean-Christian Borel ◽  
Angélique Grangier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Training Modalities

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity are interdependent chronic diseases sharing reduced exercise tolerance and high cardiovascular risk.InterventionA 3-month intervention with innovative training modalities would further improve functional capacity and cardiovascular health than usual cycle exercise training in already continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated obese patients with OSA.MethodsFifty three patients (35<body mass index (BMI) <45 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to exercise training on a cycle ergometer, either alone (ERGO) or with respiratory muscle training (ERGO+RMT) or non-invasive ventilation (ERGO+NIV). Changes in 6 min walking distance (primary outcome), aerobic capacity (VO2peak), cardiovascular parameters, body composition and sleep quality were evaluated.Measurements and main resultsAll training modalities increased 6 min walking distance without differences between groups (P=0.97). ERGO+NIV and ERGO+RMT led to significantly higher improvement in VO2peak compared with ERGO (3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.6) vs 2.3 (0.8 to 3.7) vs 0.5(−1.0 to 1.9) mL/min/kg, respectively, P=0.04) and ERGO+NIV significantly reduced self-measured blood pressure compared with ERGO+RMT and ERGO (systolic: −9.5 (95% CI −14.1 to −4.9) vs −13 (−5.8 to 3.1) vs −0.7 (−5.1 to 3.8) mm Hg, respectively, P=0.01). Waist and neck circumferences were reduced after ERGO+NIV compared with ERGO+RMT and ERGO (P=0.01).ConclusionsCombining RMT or NIV with cycling exercise training failed to provide further improvement in functional capacity as compared with cycling exercise training alone. However, the combination of NIV and exercise training demonstrated superiority for improving cardiometabolic risk factors in obese CPAP-treated patients with OAS.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERResults, NCT01155271.

Efeitos de Protocolos de Treinamento Intervalado e Contínuo na Reabilitação de Indivíduos Cardiopatas

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Adriano Sakaida Del Giudice ◽  
Israel Gustavo Guedes Sene ◽  
José Geraldo Rodrigues de Moraes Junior ◽  
Anderson Martelli ◽  
Lucas Delbim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Acute Results

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os resultados agudos e crônicos dos métodos e protocolos de exercício contínuo moderado - ECM e intermitente de alta intensidade -HIIT como investidas reabilitativas para indivíduos com intercorrências cardiovasculares, principalmente, em indivíduos com alto risco de infarto do miocárdio - IAM e compará-los em função de sua eficácia e segurança. Os estudos analisados proporcionaram resultados agudos semelhantes entre os protocolos HIIT e ECM, principalmente, quando comparados ao principal objetivo, neste caso, preservar a integridade física dos indivíduos praticantes e incrementar sua reserva funcional. Quanto às respostas crônicas, os protocolos de treinamento HIIT apresentaram resultados adaptativos positivos nas funções fisiológicas e morfológicas se mostrando como uma alternativa de grande efetividade para a reabilitação cardíaca, em função de seu baixo volume total de treinamento, podendo ser de grande ajuda se incluído como alternativa de trabalho para reabilitação de patologias e intercorrências cardiovasculares.Palavras-chaves: Reabilitação Cardíaca. Treinamento Intervalado. Cardiopatas.AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the acute and chronic outcomes of the methods and protocols of continuous training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) as rehabilitative interventions for individuals with cardiovascular events, especially in individuals at high risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to compare them for their efficacy and safety. The analyzed studies provided similar acute results between the HIIT and ECM protocols, mainly when compared to the main objective, in this case, to preserve the physical integrity of the practicing individuals and to increase their functional reserve. Regarding the chronic responses, the HIIT training protocols presented positive adaptive results in the physiological and morphological functions, showing itself as a highly effective alternative for cardiac rehabilitation due to its low total training volume, and could be of great help if included as a work alternative for the rehabilitation of pathologies and cardiovascular intercurrences.Keywords: Cardiac Rehabilitation. Interval Training. Cardiovascular Diseases.

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