The global prevalence ptxP3 lineage of Bordetella pertussis was rare in young Children with the Co-purified aPV vaccination: a 5 years retrospective study

Abstract Background: The global prevalent ptxP3 strains varies from about 10% to about 50% of circulating B. pertussis population in different areas of China. Methods To investigate the difference of vaccination status between different genotypes in the circulating B. pertussis after 10 years of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) used in China. The nasopharyngeal swabs and isolates of B. pertussis from these patients were used to perform genotyping of antigen genes. We use antibiotic susceptibility test against erythromycin and sequencing methods for site 2047 of 23S rRNA to determine the resistance status. Results The ptxP1 allele with erythromycin resistant strains infection (total of 449 samples) consisted of 84.70% to 96.70% from 2012 to 2016. Only 2 of the 21 ptxP3 strains infected in children vaccinated with co-purified aPV, that showed a significant difference between the ptxP1 strains does (χ 2 =6.87, P=0.032). Conclusions The ptxP1 allele with erythromycin resistant B. pertussis was steadily increased in Xi’an, China from 2012 to 2016, where co-purified aPV was prevalence used . We assumed that the co-purified aPV might protect against ptxP3 strains more efficient, which generated a rare chance for ptxP3 strains to be under the antibiotic pressure and further developed to be erythromycin resistance. A further cohort study and the mechanisms of the additional antigen proteins of co-purified aPV protected against B. pertussis should be consideration.

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Cohort study of the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer in a hospital of specialties of Quito-Ecuador in the period 2007–2017

Innovative Surgical Sciences ◽

10.1515/iss-2020-0030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Moreno Roca ◽

Luciana Armijos Acurio ◽

Ruth Jimbo Sotomayor ◽

Carlos Céspedes Rivadeneira ◽

Carlos Rosero Reyes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Survival Time ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Icd 10 ◽

The Difference ◽

Clinical Records

Abstract Objectives Pancreatic cancers in most patients in Ecuador are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, which is associated with lower survival. To determine the characteristics and global survival of pancreatic cancer patients in a social security hospital in Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. Methods A retrospective cohort study and a survival analysis were performed using all the available data in the electronic clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in a Hospital of Specialties of Quito-Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. The included patients were those coded according to the ICD 10 between C25.0 and C25.9. Our univariate analysis calculated frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Through the Kaplan-Meier method we estimated the median time of survival and analyzed the difference in survival time among the different categories of our included variables. These differences were shown through the log rank test. Results A total of 357 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2007 and 2017 were included in the study. More than two-thirds (69.9%) of the patients were diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The median survival time for all patients was of 4 months (P25: 2, P75: 8). Conclusions The statistically significant difference of survival time between types of treatment is the most relevant finding in this study, when comparing to all other types of treatments.

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Influence of preoperative corticosteroid treatment on rate of diagnostic surgeries in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08515-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Florian Scheichel ◽

Franz Marhold ◽

Daniel Pinggera ◽

Barbara Kiesel ◽

Tobias Rossmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Diagnostic Delay ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

Corticosteroid Treatment ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

Abstract Background Corticosteroid therapy (CST) prior to biopsy may hinder histopathological diagnosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Therefore, preoperative CST in patients with suspected PCNSL should be avoided if clinically possible. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries in PCNSL patients with and without preoperative CST. Methods A multicenter retrospective study including all immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 1/2004 and 9/2018 at four neurosurgical centers in Austria was conducted and the results were compared to literature. Results A total of 143 patients were included in this study. All patients showed visible contrast enhancement on preoperative MRI. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries with and without preoperative CST with 97.1% (68/70) and 97.3% (71/73), respectively (p = 1.0). Tapering and pause of CST did not influence the diagnostic rate. Including our study, there are 788 PCNSL patients described in literature with an odds ratio for inconclusive surgeries after CST of 3.3 (CI 1.7–6.4). Conclusions Preoperative CST should be avoided as it seems to diminish the diagnostic rate of biopsy in PCNSL patients. Yet, if CST has been administered preoperatively and there is still a contrast enhancing lesion to target for biopsy, surgeons should try to keep the diagnostic delay to a minimum as the likelihood for acquiring diagnostic tissue seems sufficiently high.

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Molecular Basis of Macrolide Resistance inCampylobacterStrains Isolated from Poultry in South Korea

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/4526576 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bai Wei ◽

Min Kang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Macrolide Resistance ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Erythromycin Resistance ◽

23S Rrna Gene ◽

Ribosomal Protein L22 ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Azithromycin Resistance

We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying macrolide resistance in 38 strains ofCampylobacterisolated from poultry. Twenty-seven strains were resistant to azithromycin and erythromycin, five showed intermediate azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility, and six showed azithromycin resistance and erythromycin susceptibility. FourCampylobacter jejuniand sixCampylobacter colistrains had azithromycin MICs which were 8–16 and 2–8-fold greater than those of erythromycin, respectively. The A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 11 resistant strains with MICs ranging from 64 to ≥ 512μg/mL. Mutations including V137A, V137S, and a six-amino acid insertion (114-VAKKAP-115) in ribosomal protein L22 were detected in theC. jejunistrains. Erythromycin ribosome methylase B-erm(B) was not detected in any strain. All strains except three showed increased susceptibility to erythromycin with twofold to 256-fold MIC change in the presence of phenylalanine arginine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN); the effects of PAßN on azithromycin MICs were limited in comparison to those on erythromycin MICs, and 13 strains showed no azithromycin MIC change in the presence of PAßN. Differences between azithromycin and erythromycin resistance and macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were observed even in highly resistant strains. Further studies are required to better understand macrolide resistance inCampylobacter.

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Effects of Orthokeratology Lens On Axial Length Elongation in Myopia With Anisometropia Children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-741927/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyang Chen ◽

Kai-Ming Chen ◽

Ying Shi ◽

Zhao-Da Ye ◽

Sheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Axial Length ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than ◽

Group 1

Abstract AimTo investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial length (AL) elongation in myopia with anisometropia children.MethodsThirty-seven unilateral myopia (group 1) and fifty-nine bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were involved in this 1-year retrospective study. And bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were divided into group 2A (diopter of the lower SER eye under − 2.00D) and group 2B(diopter of the lower SER eye is equal or greater than − 2.00D). The change in AL were observed.The datas were analysed using SPSS 21.0.Results(1) In group 1, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eye were 24.70 ± 0.89 mm and 23.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. In group 2A, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 24.61 ± 0.84 mm and 24.00 ± 0.70 mm respectively. In group 2B, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 25.28 ± 0.72 mm and 24.70 ± 0.74 mm. After 1 year, the change in AL of the L eyes was faster than the H eyes in group 1 and group 2A (all P<0.001).While the AL of the H eyes and L eyes had the same increased rate in group 2B. (2) The effect of controlling AL elongation of H eyes is consistent in three groups (P = 0.559).The effect of controlling AL elongation of L eyes in group 2B was better than that in group 1 and group 2A (P < 0.001). And the difference between group 1 and group 2A has no statistical significance. (3) The AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 1.16 ± 0.55mm to 0.88 ± 0.68mm after 1 year in group 1.And in group 2A, the AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 0.61 ± 0.34mm to 0.48 ± 0.28mm. There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). In group 2B, the baseline AL difference in H eyes and L eyes has no significant difference from that after 1 year (P = 0.069).ConclusionsMonocular OK lens is effective on suppression AL growth of the myopic eyes and reduce anisometropia value in unilateral myopic children. Binocular OK lenses only reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye under − 2.00D. Binocular OK lenses cannot reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye equal or greater than − 2.00D. Whether OK lens can reduce refractive anisometropia value is related to the spherical equivalent refractive of low refractive eye in bilateral myopia with anisometropia children after 1-year follow-up.

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Is either arterial or venous antithrombin III level linked to outcome in elderly males versus females with severe sepsis?

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10795 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Nermien N Adly ◽

Rania M Abou-Hashema

Keyword(s):

Severe Sepsis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sofa Score ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Elderly Males ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Failure Assessment ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Difference

Objectives: We aimed to study arterial and venous ATIII levels, in elderly males and females with severe sepsis, and their impact upon the patients’ outcomes. Patients and Methods: A cohort study was performed in thirty-nine elderly patients with severe sepsis. Arterial and venous ATIII levels were measured. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was calculated. Results: Both arterial and venous ATIII levels were negatively correlated with age in the whole sample (P=0.004 and .05 consecutively) (r = −0.45 and −0.32 consecutively). There was a significant difference between the arterial and venous ATIII levels in males (P=0.04). In males, SOFA score was positively correlated with arterial ATIII and the difference between arterial and venous ATIII levels (P=0.04 and .05 consecutively). Arterial and venous ATIII were the significant predictors of SOFA score, only in males (P <0.001 and 0.003 consecutively). Conclusion: ATIII level decreased with increasing age. In males, both higher arterial and lower venous ATIII levels were significant predictors of worse organ dysfunction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i1.10795 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(1) 2015 34-39

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Preadmission use of benzodiazepines and stroke outcomes: the Biostroke prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e022720 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olivier Colin ◽

Julien Labreuche ◽

Julie Deguil ◽

Anne-Marie Mendyk ◽

Valérie Deken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

Similar Treatment ◽

Stroke Outcomes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that stroke outcomes in patients with preadmission use of benzodiazepine are worse.MethodIn a prospective cohort study, we recruited patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Mortality, functional outcomes and cognition were evaluated at 8 and 90 days after stroke.Results370 patients were included. 62 (18.5%) of the 336 remaining patients were treated with benzodiazepines when stroke occurred, and they did not receive any other psychotropic drug. The mortality rate was higher in benzodiazepines users than non-users at day 8 (2.2% vs 8.1%, p=0.034) and day 90 (8.1% vs 25.9%, p=0.0001). After controlling for baseline differences using propensity-score matching, only the difference in mortality rate at day 90 was of borderline of significance, with a matched OR of 3.93 (95% CI, 0.91 to 16.98). In propensity-score-adjusted cohort, this difference remained significant with a similar treatment effect size (adjusted OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.57 to 7.76). A higher rate of poor functional outcome at day 8 and day 90 defined bymodified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥2 or by theBarthel index (BI) <95 was found in benzodiazepines users. In propensity-score-adjusted cohort, only the difference in mRS≥2 at day 90 remained significant (adjusted OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.48). In survivors at day 8 and at day 90, there was no significant difference in cognitive evaluation.ConclusionOur study has shown that preadmission use of benzodiazepines could be associated with increased post-stroke mortality at 90 days. These findings do not support a putative neuroprotective effect of γ-aminobutyric acidAreceptors agonists and should alert clinicians of their potential risks.Trial registration numberNCT00763217.

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Preventing cesareans with peanut ball use

Journal of Nursing Education and Practice ◽

10.5430/jnep.v10n1p107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Lauren Outland ◽

Yolanda Alvarado

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Epidural Anesthesia ◽

The United States ◽

High Rate ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Vaginal Deliveries ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cesarean Births ◽

Retrospective Study Design ◽

The Difference

The Association of Women's Health Obstetrical and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) has launched a Peanut Ball campaign to help curb the high rate of cesarean births in the United States. Cesarean births are especially likely in women who receive epidural anesthesia due to immobility and pelvic laxity. The peanut ball (PB) is a birthing ball that when placed between the mother's legs can increase pelvic dimensions and facilitate fetal descent and birth. For PB to increase vaginal deliveries (VDs), nurses on obstetrical wards need to “buy in” to using this innovation. Having “innovator” nurses on the shift helped disseminate the PB intervention and increased the rate of VDs. Using a retrospective study design that uses data collected for non-research purposes saves time and cost. Our retrospective study examined the difference in VDs with patient controlled epidural anesthesia (PCEA) in the first five months of 2016 prior to PB use compared with the same months in 2017 post intervention. Using a paired t-test we found a significant difference of successful PCEA vaginal births in 2016 compared to 2017 (p = .008). This relatively inexpensive and easy survey can be done by most obstetrical services and help AWHONN in their campaign to decrease the rate of cesarean sections.

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Retrospective study about the postoperative stability of zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1186/s40902-021-00311-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seoghwan Yang ◽

Jin-yong Cho ◽

Woo-chul Shim ◽

Sungbeom Kim

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Internal Fixation ◽

Open Reduction ◽

Complex Fracture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture ◽

The Difference ◽

Zygomaticomaxillary Complex

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative stability of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures according to the number of fixation sites and to investigate the direction of postoperative displacement of the unfixed part of the fractured segment. Methods This study was retrospectively performed on 38 patients who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation of ZMC fractures and were taken postoperative computed tomography (CT) between February 2012 and July 2019. The patients were classified into 3 groups: 1-point fixation, 2-point fixation, 3-point fixation according to the number of fixations. The postoperative displacement of the fractured segment was evaluated by the superimposition between postoperative CT and follow-up CT, and the postoperative stability according to the fixation sites was investigated through the amount of postoperative displacement. In addition, it was investigated in which direction the location of the fractured segment was changed in the unfixed fractured segment according to the fixation sites. Results The amount of postoperative displacement of the fractured segment was 0.75 ± 1.18 mm on average. In the postoperative displacement of the distal area according to the number of fixation of the fracture, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of displacement of the fracture (p = 0.574). As for the direction of the change in the location of the fractured segment, 12 patients among 38 patients with the change in the location of the fractured segment were investigated, and the displacement in the medial direction (n = 11, 91.67%) was the most common in all three fixation methods. Conclusion In patients with a ZMC fracture who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, the number of fixations did not make the difference in the postoperative displacement of the fracture. In addition, the fractured segment mainly changes in the medial direction after surgery, and this fact can be used as a reference for the reduction direction during surgery for the stable prognosis.

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Options for antiarrhythmic therapy after surgical treatment of the atrial fibrillation

Cardiosomatics ◽

10.26442/cs45186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

V. V Bazylev ◽

E. V Nemchenko ◽

G. N Abramova ◽

V. A Karnakhin

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Functional Class ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cardiovascular Center ◽

The Difference

Aim. To assess the afficiency of using different shcemes of the antiarrythmic therapy (AAT) after the surgical treatment of the atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods. This retrospective study included 279 patients: 141 (49%) females and 168 (51%) males, aged 59±7.9 years who had got Сox-Maze IV procedure at Federal cardiovascular center (Penza). 27 patient (9.7%) had the paroxysmal AF, 252 (90.3%) - the persistent one. The AF’s duration was 36 months (from 1 to 180). The size of the left atrium was average 52.4±8.4 mm (from 40 to 82 mm). The medium functional class (FC) of heart failure (HF) (NYHA) was 2.8±0.4: II FC-63 (22.6%), III FC - 213 (76.3%), IV FC - 3 (1.1%). There were 3 groups of patients:1 group had 57 patients who had got amiodaron over 6 months; 2 group - 126 patients who had got b-blocker (b-B) (bisoprolol) long monotherapy; 3 group - 96 patients who had got amiodaron during 3-6 months then had got bisoprolol long therapy. All patiens got Cox-Maze IV procedure.Results. Remote results assessed after 6 months-3 years period after the operation. In all groups the number of patients with I and II FC HF increased; there was significant difference at 2 group (p1-2=0.01; p2-3=0.01; p1- 3=0.73). And there were more patients with sinus rhythm at 2 group than at 3 group significantly. The freedom from AF at 1 group was 77%±0.89, at 2 group - 68%±0.98, at 3 group - 85%±0.95 with the significant difference between 2 and 3 groups (р1-2=0.61; p1-3=0.13; p2-3=0.01).Conclusions. AAT by amiodaron during 3-6 months and then by beta-blocker (bisoprolol) longly after Cox-Maze IV procedure allows to keep sinus rhythm to 85% patiens at the distant period of time and comparing with the b-blocker-monotherapy allows to keep sinus rhythm more effectively. The difference of efficiency by long amiodaron-monotherapy and amiodaron-therapy during 3-6 months is not got statistical significant after Cox-Maze IV procedure.

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Complications associated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: supra- versus subcostal access: A retrospective study

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/j.1600-0455.2003.00083.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 447-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Radecka ◽

M. Brehmer ◽

K. Holmgren ◽

A. Magnusson

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Urinary Calculi ◽

Arterial Embolization ◽

Fluoroscopic Guidance ◽

Ct Guided ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an essential procedure for treating complex urinary calculi. To achieve optimal access to a large and complicated stone, an upper calyx puncture is often preferable. However, when performing a puncture above the 12th rib there is risk of an increased number of complications. In this retrospective study, we assessed the kind and frequency of complications after sub- and supracostal punctures of the collecting system of the kidney. Material and Methods: Between 1996 and 2001, 85 patients were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. In 63 patients a subcostal track, below the 12th rib was established. Puncture was performed under ultrasonic or fluoroscopic guidance in 61 patients and CT-guided in 2 patients. In 17 patients a supracostal puncture, above the 12th rib, was performed under CT guidance and in 5 patients with US or fluoroscopic guidance. Result: The main difference regarding preoperative complications was the number of patients complaining of respiratory correlated pain, 7 (32%) in the supracostal puncture group compared with 3 (5%) in the subcostal puncture group. No significant difference regarding peroperative complications was found. Postoperatively, there were 2 major bleedings, one in each group, which had to be treated with arterial embolization. In the supracostal puncture group there were 2 patients with pleural effusion and 2 patients with pneumothorax. Conclusion: The complication rate was slightly higher after supracostal puncture as compared with a subcostal approach, especially regarding respiratory correlated pain. When performing a supracostal puncture there is an increased risk that the track passes through the pleural space, which might explain the difference in the panorama of complications.

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