scholarly journals The Complex Relationship between Estrogen and Migraines: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihaal Reddy ◽  
Steven Schneeberger ◽  
Anna Schoenbrunner ◽  
Miraj Desai ◽  
Jeffrey Janis
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Trigeminal Nociception ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis ◽  
Migraine Onset

Abstract Background:Migraine headaches are a chronic and complex medical issue for millions of patients worldwide. Despite how common migraines are, there is much to be unveiled regarding their pathogenesis due to the numerous factors implicated in the pathophysiology of migraines. Migraines are significantly more common in women and many female migrainers notice menstrual associations of their headaches. Because of this, migraines have popularly been hypothesized to be largely hormonally mediated. Estrogen has been commonly implicated in migraine pathogenesis yet its exact role in the pathophysiology of migraines has yet to be fully understood. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature regarding estrogen’s role in migraine pathogenesis and included 11 studies out of an initial 199 in the final review. Results: The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis is the most discussed theory about estrogen’s role in migraine physiology and describes the association of migraine onset with natural declines in estrogen levels. Estrogen is also implicated in biochemical pain pathways, and specifically effects pain processing, trigeminal nociception, and neural inflammatory peptides. Human studies have been conducted in female populations such as pregnant women and postmenopausal women, and these studies have supported the estrogen withdrawal hypothesis.Conclusions: Hormone replacement therapy remains to treat migraines is promising, yet still lacks definitive evidence in its efficacy. More primary research into estrogen’s mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis is needed, as its specific roles are still unclear. While human-based, clinical trials on the subject are rare, they would provide great insight into migraines and would allow clinicians to better treat patients. Systematic Review registrations: none

scholarly journals The Complex Relationship between Estrogen and Migraines: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihaal Reddy ◽  
Miraj Desai ◽  
Anna Schoenbrunner ◽  
Steven Schneeberger ◽  
Jeffrey Janis
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Migraine Onset ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background: Migraines are a chronic disease for millions worldwide and have been hypothesized to be hormonally mediated due to their higher prevalence in females and menstrual associations. Estrogen has been commonly implicated in migraine pathogenesis yet its exact role in the pathophysiology of migraines has yet to be fully understood.Method: We conducted a scoping review of the literature regarding estrogen’s role in migraine pathogenesis and included 19 studies out of an initial 202 in the final review. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from included studies based on predetermined inclusions and exclusion criteria.Results: The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis, discussed by 12 of the reviewed studies, is the most discussed theory about estrogen’s role in migraine physiology and describes the association of migraine onset with natural declines in estrogen levels, particularly when estrogen levels fall below 45-50 pg/mL after an extended period of priming. Additional findings suggest that women with a history of migraine have an increased sensitivity to physiologic fluctuations in estradiol levels. Several studies suggest that migraines are associated with menstruation.Conclusion: It appears that estrogen is very likely to play a key role in migraine pathogenesis, but seems to affect patients in different ways depending on their past medical history, age, and use of hormonal therapy. Further research is warranted to isolate the effects of estrogen in each unique patient population, and we believe that studies comparing menstruating women to postmenopausal women could help shed light in this area.Systematic Review registrations: none

scholarly journals The complex relationship between estrogen and migraines: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihaal Reddy ◽  
Miraj N. Desai ◽  
Anna Schoenbrunner ◽  
Steven Schneeberger ◽  
Jeffrey E. Janis
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migraine Pathogenesis ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Migraine Onset ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Background Migraines are a chronic disease for millions worldwide and have been hypothesized to be hormonally mediated due to their higher prevalence in females and menstrual associations. Estrogen has been commonly implicated in migraine pathogenesis, yet its exact role in the pathophysiology of migraines has yet to be fully understood. Method We conducted a scoping review of the literature regarding estrogen’s role in migraine pathogenesis and included 19 studies out of an initial 202 in the final review. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from included studies based on predetermined inclusions and exclusion criteria. Results The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis, discussed by 12 of the reviewed studies, is the most discussed theory about estrogen’s role in migraine physiology and describes the association of migraine onset with natural declines in estrogen levels, particularly when estrogen levels fall below 45–50 pg/mL after an extended period of priming. Additional findings suggest that women with a history of migraine have an increased sensitivity to physiologic fluctuations in estradiol levels. Several studies suggest that migraines are associated with menstruation. Conclusion It appears that estrogen is very likely to play a key role in migraine pathogenesis, but seems to affect patients in different ways depending on their past medical history, age, and use of hormonal therapy. Further research is warranted to isolate the effects of estrogen in each unique patient population, and we believe that studies comparing menstruating women to postmenopausal women could help shed light in this area.

scholarly journals Does hormone replacement therapy benefit post-menopausal women? – a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Vinodkumar Mugada ◽  
Raj Kiran Kolakota ◽  
Sujana Bhargavi Jadda ◽  
Urmila Kotapadu ◽  
Mounika Veesam
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Post-menopausal women experience symptoms such as irregular periods, lower fertility, vaginal dryness, hot flashes and night sweats. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) relieves menopausal symptoms. The aim of this review was to assess the benefits and risks of HRT in post-menopausal women. A scoping review was conducted for original peer-reviewed English language papers using the electronic databases of PUBMED, JAMA, BMC and TRIP. The papers were subjected to a three-stage screening process. The type of study, year of study, age, participants, type of therapy and the aim of the study defined the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HRT was associated with reduced risk and prevalence of end-stage kidney disease, gastric esophageal reflex disease (GORD) symptoms, periodontal disease and associated with the increased risk of overall cancers. The benefits of HRT depend on the duration of therapy, formulation, route of administration, time of initiating therapy (age <60 years) and type of therapy. Post-menopausal symptomatic women mostly benefited with hormone replacement therapy. To reduce risks of adverse events, HRT should be initiated with appropriate monitoring.

Endocrinology of Menopausal Transition and Its Brain Implications

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Riccardo Genazzani ◽  
Francesca Bernardi ◽  
Nicola Pluchino ◽  
Silvia Begliuomini ◽  
Elena Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Estrogen Withdrawal ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Altered Blood

AbstractThe central nervous system is one of the main target tissues for sex steroid hormones, which act on both through genomic mechanisms, modulating synthesis, release, and metabolism of many neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and through non-genomic mechanisms, influencing electrical excitability, synaptic function, morphological features, and neuron-glia interactions. During the climacteric period, sex steroid deficiency causes many neuroendocrine changes. At the hypothalamic level, estrogen withdrawal gives rise to vasomotor symptoms, to eating behavior disorders, and altered blood pressure control. On the other hand, at the limbic level, the changes in serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and opioidergic tones contribute to the modifications in mood, behavior, and nociception. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) positively affects climateric depression throughout a direct effect on neural activity and on the modulation of adrenergic and serotoninergic tones and may modulate the decrease in cognitive efficiency observed in climaterium. The identification of the brain as a de novo source of neurosteroids, suggests that the modifications in mood and cognitive performances occurring in postmenopausal women may also be related to a change in the levels of neurosteroids. These findings open new perspectives in the study of the effects of sex steroids on the central nervous system and on the possible use of alternative and/or auxiliary HRT.

scholarly journals Impairment of Inhibition of Trigeminal Nociception via Conditioned Pain Modulation in Persons with Migraine Headaches

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Williams ◽  
Megan M Miller ◽  
Emily J Bartley ◽  
Klanci M McCabe ◽  
Kara L Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Trigeminal Nociception ◽  
Nociceptive Blink Reflex ◽  
Pain Report

Abstract Objective To assess conditioned pain modulation efficiency in persons with and without migraine headaches. Design Cross-sectional assessment of experimental pain. Setting University campus and surrounding community in a large Midwestern US city. Subjects Twenty-three adults with and 32 without a history of migraine headaches participated in the study. Participants were mostly female (N = 40) with an average age of 23 years. Methods Four electrocutaneous stimulations of the supraorbital branch of the left trigeminal nerve were delivered at 150% of an individually determined pain threshold. Conditioned pain modulation was assessed by applying a noxious counterstimulus (forearm ischemia) and delivering four more electrocutaneous stimulations. After each stimulation, pain and the nociceptive blink reflex were assessed. Depression and pain catastrophizing were assessed to control for the potential influence of these variables on pain modulation. Results Participants with and without migraine headaches had similar baseline pain responsivity, without significant differences in pain report or nociceptive blink reflexes. Pain report was inhibited by conditioned pain modulation in both the migraine and control groups. However, unlike nonmigraine controls, participants with migraines did not exhibit an inhibition of nociceptive blink reflexes during the ischemia task. This pattern persisted after controlling for level of pain catastrophizing and depression. Conclusions Migraine sufferers exhibited impaired conditioned pain modulation of the nociceptive blink reflex, suggesting a deficiency in inhibition of trigeminal nociception, which may contribute to the development of migraine headaches.

Migraine and cognitive function: Baseline findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pellegrino Baena ◽  
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart ◽  
Itamar de Souza Santos ◽  
Claudia Kimie Suemoto ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Migraine Headaches

Background The association between migraine and cognitive performance is unclear. We analyzed whether migraine is associated with cognitive performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, ELSA-Brasil. Methods Cross-sectional analysis, including participants with complete information about migraine and aura at baseline. Headache status (no headaches, non-migraine headaches, migraine without aura and migraine with aura), based on the International Headache Society classification, was used as the dependent variable in the multilinear regression models, using the category “no headache” as reference. Cognitive performance was measured with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease word list memory test (CERAD-WLMT), the semantic fluency test (SFT), and the Trail Making Test version B (TMTB). Z-scores for each cognitive test and a composite global score were created and analyzed as dependent variables. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, gender, education, race, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, depression, and anxiety. In women, the models were further adjusted for hormone replacement therapy. Results We analyzed 4208 participants. Of these, 19% presented migraine without aura and 10.3% presented migraine with aura. All migraine headaches were associated with poor cognitive performance (linear coefficient β; 95% CI) at TMTB −0.083 (−0.160; −0.008) and poorer global z-score −0.077 (−0.152; −0.002). Also, migraine without aura was associated with poor cognitive performance at TMTB −0.084 (−0.160, −0.008 and global z-score −0.077 (−0.152; −0.002). Conclusion In participants of the ELSA-study, all migraine headaches and migraine without aura were significantly and independently associated with poorer cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Frailty in Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebony T. Lewis ◽  
Leanne Howard ◽  
Magnolia Cardona ◽  
Kylie Radford ◽  
Adrienne Withall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Public Health Priority ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
Age Related

Background: Indigenous populations experience high rates of age-related illness when compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. Frailty is a challenging expression of aging and an important public health priority. The purpose of this review was to map what the existing literature reports around frailty in Indigenous populations and to highlight the current gaps in frailty research within the Indigenous landscape.Method: Scoping review of English language original research articles focusing on frailty within Indigenous adult populations in settler colonial countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and USA). Ten electronic databases and eight relevant institutional websites were searched from inception to October 2020.Results: Nine articles met our inclusion criteria, finding this population having a higher prevalence of frailty and frailty occurring at younger ages when compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, but two did not use a formal frailty tool. Females presented with higher levels of frailty. No culturally specific frailty tool was identified, and the included articles did not assess strategies or interventions to manage or prevent frailty in Indigenous peoples.Conclusions: There was little definitive evidence of the true frailty prevalence, approaches to frailty screening and of potential points of intervention to manage or prevent the onset of frailty. Improvements in the quality of evidence are urgently needed, along with further research to determine the factors contributing to higher rates of frailty within Indigenous populations. Incorporation of Indigenous views of frailty, and instruments and programs that are led and designed by Indigenous communities, are crucial to address this public health priority.

Activation of cytochrome c to a peroxidase compound I-type intermediate by H2O2: relevance to redox signalling in apoptosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burkitt ◽  
Clare Jones ◽  
Andrew Lawrence ◽  
Peter Wardman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Tyrosyl Radical ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Physico Chemical

The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis results in the enhanced production of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 by Mn-superoxide dismutase. We have been concerned with the role of cytochrome c/H2O2 in the induction of oxidative stress during apoptosis. Our initial studies showed that cytochrome c is a potent catalyst of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation, thereby explaining the increased rate of production of the fluorophore 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein in apoptotic cells. Although it has been speculated that the oxidizing species may be a ferryl-haem intermediate, no definitive evidence for the formation of such a species has been reported. Alternatively, it is possible that the hydroxyl radical may be generated, as seen in the reaction of certain iron chelates with H2O2. By examining the effects of radical scavengers on 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation by cytochrome c/H2O2, together with complementary EPR studies, we have demonstrated that the hydroxyl radical is not generated. Our findings point, instead, to the formation of a peroxidase compound I species, with one oxidizing equivalent present as an oxo-ferryl haem intermediate and the other as the tyrosyl radical identified by Barr and colleagues [Barr, Gunther, Deterding, Tomer and Mason (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15498-15503]. Studies with spin traps indicated that the oxo-ferryl haem is the active oxidant. These findings provide a physico-chemical basis for the redox changes that occur during apoptosis. Excessive changes (possibly catalysed by cytochrome c) may have implications for the redox regulation of cell death, including the sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapeutic agents.

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