scholarly journals Efficient Eco-Friendly Nano-Extracted Gelatin as Biodegradable Packaging Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Oil Uptake ◽  
Gelatin Nanoparticles ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Gelatin Concentration

Abstract Extracted gelatin from the waste of fresh and grilled chicken skin was used to prepare films as a biodegradable packaging material from solutions of various gelatin concentrations using a casting approach. The thermal behavior of extracted gelatins was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric. The particle size and zeta potential of dispersed nanoparticles of gelatins were measured by dynamic light scattering. The surface area of lyophilized gelatin nanoparticles was calculated from the adsorption of N2 gas. Mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), and oil uptake (OU) of all manufactured films were studied. Tensile strength values significantly increased for films manufactured from both gelatin sources when the concentration increased from 4 % to 6 % up to 5.1 MPa. The elongation of waste skin gelatin-based films was higher than waste grilled skin gelatin (WG)-based films using 4 % and 8 % concentrations up to 57 %. Films manufactured from WG had significantly lower WVP than waste skin gelatin (WS) analogous at a 4 % gelatin concentration. The WVP of films manufactured from gelatin significantly increased as gelatin concentration increased where OU showed higher oil resistance for films manufactured from WS up to 91 % using 4 % gelatin concentration. The morphological structure of the gelatin film was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A homogenized and smooth film surface was observed. The percentage of heavy metal was examined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results of this study showed that the films manufactured using higher concentrations of gelatin possessed promising mechanical properties, good barrier properties, and high safety as a recommended biopolymer packaging material for food contact and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Starch–Mucilage Composite Films: An Inclusive on Physicochemical and Biological Perspective

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Mansuri M. Tosif ◽  
Agnieszka Najda ◽  
Aarti Bains ◽  
Grażyna Zawiślak ◽  
Grzegorz Maj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Packaging Film ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Effective Manner

In recent years, scientists have focused on research to replace petroleum-based components plastics, in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner, with plant-derived biopolymers offering suitable mechanical properties. Moreover, due to high environmental pollution, global warming, and the foreseen shortage of oil supplies, the quest for the formulation of biobased, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer films is still emerging. Several biopolymers from varied natural resources such as starch, cellulose, gums, agar, milk, cereal, and legume proteins have been used as eco-friendly packaging materials for the substitute of non-biodegradable petroleum-based plastic-based packaging materials. Among all biopolymers, starch is an edible carbohydrate complex, composed of a linear polymer, amylose, and amylopectin. They have usually been considered as a favorite choice of material for food packaging applications due to their excellent forming ability, low cost, and environmental compatibility. Although the film prepared from bio-polymer materials improves the shelf life of commodities by protecting them against interior and exterior factors, suitable barrier properties are impossible to attain with single polymeric packaging material. Therefore, the properties of edible films can be modified based on the hydrophobic–hydrophilic qualities of biomolecules. Certain chemical modifications of starch have been performed; however, the chemical residues may impart toxicity in the food commodity. Therefore, in such cases, several plant-derived polymeric combinations could be used as an effective binary blend of the polymer to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of packaging film. Recently, scientists have shown their great interest in underutilized plant-derived mucilage to synthesize biodegradable packaging material with desirable properties. Mucilage has a great potential to produce a stable polymeric network that confines starch granules that delay the release of amylose, improving the mechanical property of films. Therefore, the proposed review article is emphasized on the utilization of a blend of source and plant-derived mucilage for the synthesis of biodegradable packaging film. Herein, the synthesis process, characterization, mechanical properties, functional properties, and application of starch and mucilage-based film are discussed in detail.

Preparation and Characterization of Starch/PVA Blend for Biodegradable Packaging Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Parvin ◽  
Md. Arifur Rahman ◽  
Jahid M.M. Islam ◽  
Mubarak A. Khan ◽  
A.H.M. Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Soil And Water

Polymer films of rice starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting method. Different blends were made varying the concentration of rice starch and PVA. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were studied. Films made up of rice starch and PVA with a ratio of 2:8 showed highest TS. 10% sugar was added with highest TS giving four composition of Starch/PVA blend in order to increase TS and Eb. Films made up of rice starch and PVA and sugar with a ratio of 1:8:1 showed highest TS and Eb and the recorded value was 14.96MPa and 637% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared sugar incorporated films were improved by grafting with acrylic monomer with the aid of UV radiation. A formulation was prepared with monomer, methylmethacrylat in methanol, and a photo initiator. The highest TS of the grafted films were recorded and the value was 16.38 MPa. The water uptake and weight loss in both soil and water of the grafted films are lower than the non-grafted films. The prepared films were further characterized with stereo micrograph and XRD. Finally, the produced film can be used as biodegradable packaging materials for shopping and garbage bags that are very popular and environment friendly.

scholarly journals Effect of cellulose nanofibers concentration on mechanical, optical, and barrier properties of gelatin-based edible films

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (191) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo David Andrade Pizarro ◽  
Olivier Skurtys ◽  
Fernando Osorio-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Gelatin Concentration

The effect of gelatin, glycerol, and cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) concentrations on the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and color parameters of films was evaluated. The results indicate that the color is only affected by the gelatin concentration. Mechanical tests indicated that with increasing concentration of gelatin and CNFs, there is an increase in tensile strength, whereas an increase in glycerol concentration causes an increase in elongation, making the films more flexible. An increased concentration of gelatin and glycerol makes the film more permeable to water vapor, while an increase in the concentration of CNFs reduces this property. Finally, the addition of CNFs to gelatin-based films improves their mechanical and barrier properties (water vapor) without affecting the appearance (color) of the films.

scholarly journals Rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of chicken skin gelatin films incorporated with potato starch

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazwani Aqilah Alias ◽  
Norizah Mhd Sarbon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gelatin Film ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Chicken Skin Gelatin

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of chicken skin gelatin film forming solutions (FFSs) and films incorporated with potato starch. Chicken skin gelatin-based FFSs with various potato starch concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, w/w) were prepared via casting technique. The dynamic viscoelastic properties of FFS were measured, and film characterization in terms of physical and mechanical properties was conducted. Potato starch incorporation with chicken skin gelatin-based FFS resulted in improvement of viscous behavior (G″ > G′). As potato starch concentration increased, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus values of chicken skin gelatin-based films also increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, increasing the concentration of potato starch caused incremental changes in water vapor permeability and melting temperatures (Tm), but a reduction in water solubility (p < 0.05). In addition, the surface smoothness and internal structure of composite films improved via potato starch incorporation. The incorporation of potato starch was also found to provide good barrier properties against ultraviolet and visible light, but did not significantly influence the transparency values of composite films. Overall, chicken skin gelatin film with 6% potato starch concentration incorporation was the most promising composite film, since it was found to exhibit optimal performance in terms of physical properties.

Study on the Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Starch/Fiber Cushioning Packaging Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1751-1755
Author(s):  
Wen Ming Ren ◽  
Pei Fang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
New Product ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Formula

In order to minimize the environmental pollution attributed by traditional plastic packaging material with cushioning performance, a new biodegradable packaging material with cushioning performance was created in the present research. Being made from potato starch, fiber and PVA as well as foaming agent the new product was prepared by a measure of pressure-molding. The impact of each of the four components on the mechanical properties of the product was studied and the optimal formula was determined by a measure of orthogonal test. The results showed that a formula of potato starch 100g, fiber 30g, PVA 40gand foaming agent AC 0.80g gave the product the better mechanical property where tensile strength reached 1.93MPa. Comparing with traditional foamed plastic packaging materials the extension strength of starch-fiber based new product showed 60%-180% higher than EPS’s and 50%-150%higher than EPE’s.

scholarly journals Development of PE/PCL Bilayer Films Modified with Casein and Aluminum Oxide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3090
Author(s):  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Ana Rešček ◽  
Zvonimir Katančić ◽  
Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
Bilayer Films ◽  
Oxide Particles

The studied samples were prepared from polyethylene (PE) polymer which was coated with modified polycaprolactone (PCL) film in order to obtain bilayer films. Thin PCL film was modified with casein/aluminum oxide compound to enhance vapor permeability as well as mechanical and thermal properties of PE/PCL films. Casein/aluminum oxide modifiers were used in order to achieve some functional properties of polymer film that can be used in various applications, e.g., reduction of water vapor permeability (WVTR) and good mechanical and thermal properties. Significant improvement was observed in mechanical properties, especially in tensile strength as well as in water vapor values. Samples prepared with aluminum oxide particles indicated significantly lower values up to 60%, and samples that were prepared with casein and 5% Al2O3 showed the lowest WVTR value.

scholarly journals Few-layer graphene aqueous suspensions for polyurethane composite coatings

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Cunha ◽  
Fernando Duarte ◽  
M. Fernanda Proença ◽  
M. Conceição Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Layer Graphene ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Few Layer Graphene

ABSTRACTGraphite nanoplates (GnP) have recently attracted attention as an economically viable alternative for the development of functional and structural nanocomposites. The incorporation of GnP into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with loadings from 0.1 to 10 wt.% was studied. The mechanical properties of the composite films were assessed by tensile testing showing an increase of the Young’s modulus up to 48%. The electrical conductivity increased by 9 orders of magnitude and the water vapor permeability of the composite films decreased 57% for composites containing 5.0 wt.% of GnP.

Natural paper-layered composites with air barrier properties achieved by coating with bacterial cellulose

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9569-9574
Author(s):  
Marta Kaźmierczak ◽  
Tomasz P. Olejnik ◽  
Magdalena Kmiotek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Layered Composites ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Cellulose Pulp

In some respects the safest food packaging material is paper that is completely free of chemical additives, made only from primary cellulosic fibers. There is no information in the literature on giving paper barrier properties using nanocellulose without any additives, especially bacterial cellulose, by applying a coating to a fibrous semi-product. In order to prepare paper-layered composites, paper sheets made of beaten or non-beaten softwood or hardwood cellulose pulp, or their 50/50 (wt./wt.) mix, were used in the experiment. After the application of bacterial cellulose onto the sheets, the paper became completely impermeable to air, which means that fine microbial fibers had filled the voids (pores) between plant cellulose fibers. The results of the experiment could be regarded as a perfect, biodegradable packaging material.

Fabrication of Composite Films Based on Chitosan and Vegetable-Tanned Collagen Fibers Crosslinked with Genipin

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yanchun Liu ◽  
Eleanor M. Brown ◽  
Zhengxin Ma ◽  
Cheng-Kung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Compact Structure

The leather industry generates considerable amounts of solid waste and raises many environmental concerns during its disposal. The presence of collagen in these wastes provides a potential protein source for the fabrication of bio-based value-added products. Herein, a novel composite film was fabricated by incorporating vegetable-tanned collagen fiber (VCF), a mechanically ground powder-like leather waste, into a chitosan matrix and crosslinked with genipin. The obtained composite film showed a compact structure and the hydrogen bonding interactions were confirmed by FTIR analysis, indicating a good compatibility between chitosan and VCF. The optical properties, water absorption capacity, thermal stability, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties of the composite films were characterized. The incorporation of VCF into chitosan led to significant decreases in opacity and solubility of the films. At the same time, the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and thermal stability of the films were improved. The composite film exhibited antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. Results from this research indicated the potential of the genipin-crosslinked chitosan/VCF composites for applications in antimicrobial packaging. 

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