scholarly journals Human Cost of Tyranny in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Armed Intervention

Abstract Background The 2003 liberation/invasion of Iraq and the resulting casualties from civilians and armed forces attracted researchers publishing in high prestigious journals but little mentioned about the events that led to the armed intervention. This paper is assessing the human cost of successive Iraqi governments tyrannical rule in Kurdistan Region of Iraq over three decades.Method The two most recent and reliable census datasets of 1947 and 1957 were used to estimate fertility and survival rates by age group under normal circumstances. These were used in the classical Leslie Matrix to predict 2007 Kurdistan Region of Iraq population. Results were contrasted with estimates for the same year that were obtained by the World Food Programme as part of their Food Security Analysis for Iraq to arrive at estimates that would indicate the scale of the loss in human capital from Saddam’s tyranny that was imposed on the region. Findings Kurdistan Region has lost around 1,911,479 of which 1,043,549 were male and 867,930 female of different age groups. These include direct victims of the past genocide actions of successive Iraqi governments as well as those who thought refuge beyond the boundaries of Kurdistan Region during the past decades. Interpretation Saddam’s actions were directed to all indigenous inhabitants irrespective of gender and age. As such, any possible offspring, had life continued as normal, is counted as human loss. Impacts of changes in demography, socio-political and the environment of Saddam’s tyrannical rule are worth further investigation.Funding None

scholarly journals Human Cost of Tyranny in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Leslie Matrix ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Armed Intervention ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

Abstract BackgroundThe 2003 liberation/invasion of Iraq and the resulting casualties from civilians and armed forces attracted researchers publishing in high prestigious journals but little was mentioned about the events that led to the armed intervention. This paper assesses the human cost of successive Iraqi governments’ tyrannical rule in Kurdistan Region of Iraq over three decades.MethodThe two most recent and reliable census datasets of 1947 and 1957 were used to estimate fertility and survival rates by age group under normal circumstances. These were used in the classical Leslie Matrix to predict the 2007 Kurdistan Region of the Iraqi population. Results were contrasted with estimates for the same year that were obtained by the World Food Programme as part of their Food Security Analysis for Iraq to arrive at estimates that would indicate the scale of the loss in human capital from Saddam Hussein’s tyranny. FindingsThe Kurdistan Region has lost around 1,911,479 people of which 1,043,549 were male and 867,930 female of different age groups. These include the direct victims of past genocide actions of successive Iraqi governments as well as those who sought refuge beyond the boundaries of the Kurdistan Region during past decades. InterpretationSaddam Hussein’s actions were directed to all indigenous inhabitants irrespective of gender and age. As such, any possible offspring, had life continued as normal, is counted as human loss. Demographical, socio-political and the environmental impact of Saddam Hussien’s tyrannical rule are worthy of further investigation.

scholarly journals Features of Experiencing a Spiritual Crisis and Attitudes to Self in Persons with Spinal Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
I.V. Vachkov ◽  
M.A. Odintsova ◽  
O.A. Tristan
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spinal Injuries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Real Self

The article presents the results of the study of the specifics of spiritual crisis experience and attitudes to Self in persons with spinal injury (N=65) and conventionally healthy respondents (N=63). The characteristics of spiritual crisis most typical of people with spinal injury were: dissatisfaction and loneliness attributed to the past, present, and future; and suffering attributed to the past. The categories of dissatisfaction, loneliness, and suffering were heterogeneous, as reflected in texts produced by people with spinal injuries and healthy people of different sex and age. Groups distinguished by time elapsed since injury did not differ on quantitative signs of spiritual crises but differed qualitatively in their experiences of dissatisfaction, loneliness, and suffering. People who had lived with the injury longer often experienced uselessness, and a lack of contacts, attention, and support; they were disposed to self-flagellation and guilt. Their attitude to Self reflected in the texts of fairy tales. Healthy controls wrote simple fairy tales describing the interaction of the Real Self and Ideal Self. By contrast, people with spinal injuries focused their stories on emotional experiences of their attitude to Self (complicated fairy tales) or finding meaning, accepting oneself and life in all its fullness and variety (complex fairy tale). Counseling people with a spinal injury, one should take into account both gender and age of the injured person and the potential of the fairy tale itself, which becomes a resource in the experiencing of spiritual crisis and in changing attitudes to Self.

International Survey of Self-Reported Medicine Use Among Adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebba H Hansen ◽  
Bjørn E Holstein ◽  
Pernille Due ◽  
Candace E Currie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
School Surveys ◽  
Representative Samples

OBJECTIVE: To examine gender, age, and country variations in adolescents' self-reported medicine use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional school surveys of representative samples of 11- to 15-year-old girls and boys were used. The 1997-1998 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study was referenced. A standardized questionnaire was completed during school hours. SETTING: Canada, US, Greenland, Israel, and 24 European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 123 227 participants equally distributed by gender and by 3 age groups (mean 11.7, 13.6, 15.6 y). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported medicine use for headache, stomachache, difficulties in getting to sleep, and nervousness during the past month. RESULTS: The magnitude of the adolescents' medicine use for headache, stomachache, difficulties in getting to sleep, and nervousness varied substantially across countries. In each of the 28 countries, more girls than boys used medicine for pain. Use of medicine for headache increased by age; use of medicine for stomachache increased by age among girls, but decreased among boys; and use of medicine for difficulties in getting to sleep and nervousness decreased from the age of 11 to 15 years. There was an increase in the crude girl versus boy ratios for medicine use by age for all 4 symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age group and country, revealed the following odds ratios (95% CI) for girls' versus boys' medicine use: headache 1.56 (1.53 to 1.60), stomachache 2.16 (2.10 to 2.22), difficulties in getting to sleep 0.96 (0.91 to 1.00), and nervousness 1.04 (0.99 to 1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Substantial proportions of adolescents used medicine for common health problems. The prevalence of use differed between type of symptom for which the medicine was used, between countries, and between gender and age groups. We suggest that young people's medicine use should be addressed in public health policy.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Survival in Older Population in Pre- and Post- Imatinib Era in the United States

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4237-4237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna B Ghimire ◽  
Binay K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Z Value ◽  
Improvement In Survival

Abstract Abstract 4237 Background: Median age at diagnosis for CML is 64 years of age. CML survival in elderly population is not well studied. This study was conducted to evaluate the relative survival rates among CML patients older than 50 years in pre- (1991–2000) and post- (2001– 2009) imatinib era. Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER*Stat) 18 registry database to compare 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates among CML patients by gender and age groups (50–69, ≥70) from the pre- (1991–2000) to post- imatinib eras (2001–2009). We used Z-test in the SEER*Stat program to calculate the differences in relative survival rates among different cohorts. Results: The 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates for CML patients age ≥50 years in pre- (n=3,848) vs post- (n=6,501) imatinib era were: 44.1±0.9% vs 55.9±0.8%, p=<0.0001, Z-value=10.179 at 3-years and 31.4±0.9% vs 46.9±0.9%, p=<0.0001, Z-value=12.361 at 5-years. The 3-year and 5-year relative survival rates for old (50–69) patients in pre- (n=1,723) vs post- (n=3011) imatinib era were: 57.7 ± 1.2% vs 72.3 ±1.0%, p=<0.0001, Z-value=9.454 at 3 years and 44.8±1.3% vs 64.3±1.2%, P=<0.0001, Z-value= 11.365 at 5 years. The survival rates for elderly (≥70) patients in pre (n= 2,125) and post (n=3,490) imatinib era were: 32.4±1.2% and 41.3±1.1%, p=<0.0001, Z-value=5.806 at 3 years and 19.3±1.1% and 31.2±1.2%, P=<0.0001, Z-value=7.135 at 5 years respectively. Table 1 shows CML survival rates by age and sex in patients older than 50 years of age. Conclusions: This study showed significant increase in 3 year and 5 year relative survival rates in post- imatinib era among CML patients older than 50 in all cohorts examined. However, the improvement in survival rates is modest compared to published data from randomized clinical trials. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Apgar Scoring: Its Use and Meaning for Today’s Newborn

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Juretschke
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Accepted Practice

Apgar scoring is a common and accepted practice used for evaluating newborns immediately after delivery. After its development by Dr. Virginia Apgar in the late 1940s/early 1950s, its use and meaning have evolved over the past five decades. Today, every baby born in a U.S. hospital is given an Apgar score. With advances in neonatology and improved survival rates for infants with lower gestational ages, a new or revised scoring system may be warranted in order to more appropriately evaluate the extremely preterm infant. In addition, the predictive capabilities of Apgar scoring must be considered with caution for all gestational age groups.

Measurement Invariance of Divergent Thinking Across Gender, Age, and School Forms

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

Cirurgia Paliativa em Pacientes com Tumor Periampular Irressecável: Estudo Retrospectivo de 5 Anos em um Hospital em São José dos Campos – SP/Surgical Palliation in Patients with Unresectable Periampullary Tumor: a Retrospective Study of 5 Years in a Hosp

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
José Henrique Gomes Torres ◽  
Rosyane Rena De Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Periampullary Tumor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Palliative Procedure ◽  
Surgical Palliation ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Keywords Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Main Complication

Objetivo: Avaliar diferentes métodos paliativos quanto a sua resolução, complicações e sobrevida em pacientes com tumor periampular irressecável. Materiais e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise dos prontuários de pacientes com tumor periampular irressecável e que foram submetidos a procedimento paliativo no Hospital Municipal Dr José de Carvalho Florence nos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: O principal tumor periampular foi o de cabeça de pâncreas, com incidência de 94%, acometendo pacientes com média de 66 anos, sem preferência por sexo. Os procedimentos mais realizados foram derivação biliar e colocação de endoprótese através de colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada, apresentando sobrevidas de 586 e 56 dias, respectivamente. Conclusão: A coledocojejunostomia foi o procedimento mais realizado e apresentou menor tempo de internação e maiores sobrevida e tempo de permanência anictérico. Pneumonia foi a complicação mais frequente.  Palavras chave: Câncer pancreático, Colangiocarcinoma, Cuidados paliativos.  Objective: To evaluate different palliative methods concerning its resolution, complications and survival in patients with unresectable periampular tumor. Materials and methods: Retrospective study analysing records of patients with unresectable periampullary tumor and who underwent palliative procedure in the Hospital Municipal Dr José de Carvalho Florence in the past five years. Results: The main periampullary tumor was the head of the pancreas, with an incidence of 94%, affecting patients with an average of 66 years old, regardless of gender. The most common procedures were bypass and biliary stent, with survival rates of 586 and 56 days, respectively. Conclusion: Coledocojejunostomy was the procedure which was the most often performed and showed a shorter hospital stay and longer survival time and time without jaundice. Pneumonia was the main complication.  Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Palliative care  

Fortuna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Miano
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
And Gender

This book focuses on the Latin goddess Fortuna, one of the better known deities in ancient Italy. The earliest forms of her worship can be traced back to archaic Latium, and she was still a widely recognized allegorical figure during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The main reason for her longevity is that she was a conceptual deity, and had strong associations with chance and good fortune. When they were interacting with the goddess, communities, individuals, and gender and age groups were inevitably also interacting with the concept. These relations were not neutral: they allowed people to renegotiate the concept, enriching it with new meanings and challenging established ones. The geographical and chronological scope of this book is Italy from the archaic age to the late Republic. In this period Italy was a fragmented, multicultural and multilinguistic environment, characterized by a wide circulation of people, customs, and ideas, in which Rome played an increasingly dominant role. All available sources on Fortuna have been used: literary, epigraphic, and archaeological. The study of the goddess based on conceptual analysis will serve to construct a radically new picture of the historical development of this deity in the context of the cultural interactions taking place in ancient Italy. The book also aims at experimenting with a new approach to polytheism, based on the connection between gods and goddesses and concepts.

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