scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Risk Factors Related to Severe COVID-19 in Iran: A multi-center study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Nasiraldin Tabatabaei ◽  
Alireza Ansari-moghaddam ◽  
Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Center Study

Abstract Background Iran was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19. Identifying factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 is useful in disease management. This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical features and factors related to severe COVID-19 in Iran's less-privileged area.MethodsIn a multicenter study, all patients admitted to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences hospitals located in southeastern Iran were investigated from February 29 to April 31, 2020. The demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data of patients were extracted from medical records. To explore the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used. ResultsAmong the 413 patients, 55.5% were male, and 145 (35.10%) were in severe condition at admission time. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds of the disease severity increased in patients with older age (OR 3.51; 95% CI, 2.28-5.40), substance abuse (OR 2.22; 95% CI, 2.05-5.78), and at least one underlying disease (OR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.01-1.32).Conclusions COVID-19 was more severe in older patients, patients with a history of substance abuse, and patients with at least one underlying disease. Understanding the factors affecting the disease severity can help for the clinical management of COVID-19, especially in less privileged areas where fewer resources are available.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Risk Factors Related to Severe COVID-19 in Iran: A multi-center study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Nasiraldin Tabatabaei ◽  
Alireza Ansari-moghaddam ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Center Study

Abstract Background Iran was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19. Identifying factors associated with severity of COVID-19 is effective in disease management. This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical features and factors associated with severity of COVID-19 in one of the less privileged areas in Iran.Methods In a multi-center study, all patients admitted to hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences located in southeastern Iran were investigated from February 29 to April 31, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data of patients were extracted from medical records. To explore the risk factors associated with severity of COVID-19, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used.Results Among the 413 patients, 55.5% were male and 145 (35.10%) were in a severe condition at admission time. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds of the disease severity increased in patients with older age (OR 3.51; 95% CI, 2.28-5.40), substance abuse (OR 2.22; 95% CI, 2.05-5.78) and at least one underlying disease (OR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.01-1.32).Conclusions COVID-19 was more severe in older patients, patients with a history of substance abuse, and patients with at least one underlying disease. Understanding the factors affecting the disease severity can help for clinical management of COVID-19, especially in less privileged areas where fewer resources are available.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of children with atopy hospitalised with adenovirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Xiao-Hua Han ◽  
Li-Yun Liu ◽  
Hui-Sheng Yao ◽  
Li-Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Atopy may be associated with disease severity and a poor prognosis of human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia in children. Our aim was to observe the clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia in China. Methods Children hospitalised with HAdV pneumonia from June 2018 to December 2019 were analysed. All children were divided into atopic with HAdV, non-atopic with HAdV, and atopic without HAdV infection group. Each group was further divided into the mild and severe pneumonia groups according to disease severity. Standard treatment was initiated after admission, and regular follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 month after discharge. Baseline and clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with and without atopy were evaluated. Risk factors associated with small airway lesions in patients with HAdV pneumonia were analysed. Results The eosinophil count in the atopic group was significantly higher than that in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Severe coughing, wheezing, and small airway lesions on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) upon admission, after discharge and 1 month after discharge were significantly higher in the atopic group (with or without HAdV infection) than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of patients with wheezing and small airway lesions during hospitalisation and after discharge among the three groups (P < 0.05). The risks of small airway lesions in children with a family or personal history of asthma, severe infection, atopy, and HAdV infection were 2.1-, 2.7-, 1.9-, 2.1-, and 1.4-times higher than those in children without these characteristics, respectively. Conclusions Children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia may experience severe coughing in mild cases and wheezing in mild and severe cases. Children with atopy are more susceptible to the development of small airway lesions, recurrent wheezing after discharge and slower recovery of small airway lesions as observed on pulmonary imaging than non-atopic children after HAdV infection. A family or personal history of asthma, atopy, severe infection, and HAdV infection are independent risk factors associated with the development of small airway lesion as observed on chest HRCT.

RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER ABSCESSES AND DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGY IN THEIR SUSPECTED PRESENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Josiah Iju WILSON ◽  
Vladimir Egorovich MEDVEDEV
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Liver Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
History Of

Introduction: The main risk aetiological factors of liver abscesses and development of precision liver ultrasound recommendations to detect signs of possible abscess formation were studied.Material and methods: 248 patients of both sexes aged 4-81 years with liver abscesses were analyzed. Medical history, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, hydrogen breath test with, ultrasound examination, if necessary - computed tomography and fine needle diagnostic biopsy under ultrasound guidance were carried out..Results and discussion: It was established that liver abscesses are aetiologically heterogeneous, in which the largest in the group was pylephlebitic (64.1%), posttraumatic (14.5%), cholangiogenic (12.5%) and contact abscesses (1.2 %). In connection with the effacement or nonspecific clinical picture, often severe condition of the patient, the prevalence of symptoms in some cases of other diseases, liver abscesses may not be promptly diagnosed.Conclusion: The presence of clinical and laboratory signs of suppurate inflammatory processes, risk factors such as the presence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome, inflammatory diseases of the intestines, history of the use of proton pump inhibitors, diseases in association with cholestasis, surgery, history of trauma, abscesses of other locations, it is recommended that precision liver ultrasound should be carried out to detect possible echo signs of liver abscesses.

scholarly journals Effects of sagging breasts and other risk factors associated with mastalgia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Çomçalı ◽  
Servet Kocaoz ◽  
Buket Altun Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Parlak ◽  
Birol Korukluoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare patients with and without mastalgia and to analyze the factors affecting mastalgia and its severity. The patient’s age, height, weight, educational status, marital status, and occupation were recorded in all subjects. In addition, the women were asked about the presence of any risk factors for mastalgia, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight gain. The sternal notch to nipple distance (SNND) was measured to determine whether there was breast sagging. Mastalgia was significantly more common in women with BMIs of > 30 kg/m2 (OR: 2.94, CI 1.65–5.24), those who were primary school graduates or illiterate (OR: 2.96, CI 1.6–5.46), and those with SNND values of 22–25 cm (OR: 2.94, CI 1.79–4.82). In these women, drinking more than 6 cups of tea a day (OR: 2.15, CI 1.32–3.5), smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (OR: 2.94, CI 1.78–4.83), and drinking alcohol at least once a week (OR: 2.1, CI 1.12–3.91) were found to be important factors that increased the risk of mastalgia. As a result, it has been found that severe mastalgia complaints cause by obesity, sagging breasts, never giving birth, unemployment anxiety, regular smoking, alcohol use, and excessive tea consumption.

Risk Factors for Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Francesca Galluzzi ◽  
Veronica Rossi ◽  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
Werner Garavello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Smell Loss ◽  
Relevant Covariates

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Smell and taste loss are characteristic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted an observational, retrospective study on 376 patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the San Gerardo Hospital in Monza, Italy, from March to July 2020. All patients answered a phone questionnaire providing information on age, sex, smoking status, and clinical characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression models including relevant covariates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients was 33.5 and 35.6%, respectively. Olfactory dysfunctions were significantly directly associated with current smoking and history of allergy, the multivariable ORs being 6.53 (95% CI 1.16–36.86) for current smokers versus never smokers, and 1.89 (95% CI 1.05–3.39) for those with an allergy compared to those without any allergy. Respiratory allergy in particular was significantly associated with olfactory dysfunctions (multivariable OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.02–5.17). Significant inverse associations were observed for patients aged 60 years or more (multivariable OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19–0.57) and hospitalization (multivariable OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.89). Considering gustatory dysfunctions, after allowance of other variables a significant direct association was found for respiratory allergies (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.03–4.86), and an inverse association was found only for hospitalization (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06–0.76). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study indicates that current smoking and history of allergy (particularly respiratory) significantly increase the risk for smell loss in COVID-19 patients; the latter is also significantly associated to taste loss. Hospitalization has an inverse association with the risk of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, suggesting that these may be symptoms characteristics of less severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Community Acquired Extended-Spectrum Β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S345-S345
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Goyal ◽  
Kristin Dascomb ◽  
Peter S Jones ◽  
Bert K Lopansri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Community-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infections pose unique treatment challenges. Identifying risk factors associated with ESBL Enterobacteriaceae infections outside of prior colonization is important for empiric management in an era of antimicrobial stewardship. Methods We randomly selected 251 adult inpatients admitted to an Intermountain healthcare facility in Utah with an ESBL Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infection (UTI) between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2016. 1:1 matched controls had UTI at admission with Enterobacteriaceae but did not produce ESBL. UTI at admission was defined as urine culture positive for &gt; 100,000 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) of Enterobacteriaceae and positive symptoms within 7 days prior or 2 days after admission. Repeated UTI was defined as more than 3 episodes of UTI within 12 months preceding index hospitalization. Cases with prior history of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs or another hospitalization three months preceding the index admission were excluded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to identify the risk factors associated with first episode of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTI at the time of hospitalization. Results In univariate analysis, history of repeated UTIs, neurogenic bladder, presence of a urinary catheter at time of admission, and prior exposure to outpatient antibiotics within past one month were found to be significantly associated with ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. When controlling for age differences, severity of illness and co-morbid conditions, history of repeated UTIs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.60–13.41), presence of a urinary catheter at admission (AOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.25 – 6.24) and prior antibiotic exposure (AOR: 8.50, 95% CI: 3.09 – 30.13) remained significantly associated with development of new ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. Conclusion Patients in the community with urinary catheters, history of recurrent UTIs, or recent antimicrobial use can develop de novo ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals Hospital Readmission in Patients With COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Rahimian ◽  
Mahshid Heidari ◽  
Nahid Hashemi-Madani ◽  
Nader Tavakoli ◽  
Moammad E Khamseh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for hospital beds has exceeded substantially. Thus, we aimed to conduct this study to identify factors associated with the risk of readmission in order to introduce the best discharge plan for patients with high risk of hospital readmission. Method: This is a multicenter, case-control study included 1357 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Age-sex-matched case and control groups were paired at 1:2 ratios. COVID-19 readmission rate was assessed. Moreover, Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors associated with readmission. Results: Of the 1357 patients, 99 (7.29%) subjects were readmitted. The most common cause of readmission was respiratory distress. The median (IQR) of the interval between hospital discharge and the second admission was 5 (2-16) days. Upon adjusting with the main risk factors, having at least one underlying disease and being treated with the corticosteroid (GC) were significantly associated with a higher rate of readmission (OR: 2.76, 95% CI :1.30- 5.87) and (OR:8.24, 95% CI :3.72- 18.22), respectively.Conclusion: Identification of Risk factors of COVID 19 readmission will improve resource utilization and patient care.

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