scholarly journals Enriched Environment Causes Epigenetic Alterations in the Hippocampus and Improve Long-term Cognitive Function Sepsis-Induced

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Córneo ◽  
Monique Michels ◽  
Mariane Abatti ◽  
Andriele Vieira ◽  
Renata Casagrande Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background: Sepsis is defined as the presence of life-threatening organ dysfunction. The presence of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in sepsis leads to dysregulated gene expression, leading to a hyperinflammatory response. Environmental conditions play an important role in various pathologies depending on the stimulus it presents. A standard environment may offer reduced sensory and cognitive stimulation, but an enriched environment improves spatial learning, prevents cognitive deficits induced by disease stress, and is an important modulator of epigenetic enzymes. The study evaluated the epigenetic alterations and the effects of the environmental enrichment (EE) protocol in the brain of animals submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into sham and CLP at 24 hours, 72 hours, 10 days and 30 days after sepsis. Other male Wistar rats were distributed in a standard environment or in EE for forty-five days. Behavioral tests, analysis of epigenetic enzymes:histone acetylase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), biochemical and synaptic plasticity analyzes were performed. Results: An increase in HDAC and DNMT activities was observed at 72 hours, 10 days and 30 days. There was a positive correlation between epigenetic enzymes DNMT and HDAC 24 hours, 10 days and 30 days. After EE, HDAC and DNMT enzyme activity decreased, cognitive impairment was reversed, IL1-β levels decreased and there was an increase in PSD-95 levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Interventions in environmental conditions can modulate the outcomes of long-term cognitive consequences associated with sepsis, supporting the idea of ​​the potential benefits of EE.

scholarly journals Glucose Utilization in Rat Hippocampus after Long-Term Recovery from Ischemia

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beck ◽  
Andreas Wree ◽  
Axel Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Forebrain Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The influence on hippocampal glucose utilization of a transient 10-min forebrain ischemia was quantified in male Wistar rats after 2 and 3 weeks as well as after 3 months by application of the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the carotid arteries and simultaneous lowering of the blood pressure to 40 mm Hg. For identification of the hippocampal architecture, sections were stained for perikarya (cresyl violet) and for acetylcholinesterase. The hippocampal regions clearly showed different responses to the ischemic insult. The necrotic pyramidal cells being almost completely removed, significant increases in glucose utilization occurred in most layers of the CA1 sector at 2 and 3 weeks post ischemia, while widespread reductions prevailed in all other sectors and the dentate gyrus. At 3 months after the ischemic insult, glucose utilization was reduced in all hippocampal structures including the CA1 region. The increases in glucose utilization in the CA1 sector are suggested to indicate long-lasting presynaptic hyperexcitation, while the widespread reductions in glucose utilization demonstrate that neuronal activity is also altered in hippocampal areas that do not show major histological damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Loghin ◽  
Adriana Olinic ◽  
Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Sorin E. Leucuta
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Association Group ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

Long-Term Nonhabituating Noise Stressor on Sleep Behavior of Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111
Author(s):  
Anton Nijssen ◽  
Jan Snel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

A 90-dB(A) noise of 6500 to 9500 Hz during the 12-hr. light period of a 12:12 LD-schedule disturbed the rest or sleep of male Wistar rats and did so chronically for 6 days and 26 days. Noise exposure was randomized as for length of time such that 20% of each light period was spent in noise. The noise presented in our experimental design is an adequate stressor to interfere with sleep in rats over the long term.

Evaluation of Long Term Alcohol Consumption on Gastric Acid Secretion and the Histomorphometry of the Stomach in Adult Male Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ese C. Adegor ◽  
Anthony E. Ojieh ◽  
Ovocity Eghworo ◽  
Lawrence O. Ewhre ◽  
Tarela M. E. Daubry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Matuszewska ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Niżański ◽  
Maria Eberhardt ◽  
Kinga Domrazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used in HIV-infected patients. Alongside the prolongation of patients’ life, adverse side effects associated with long-term therapy are becoming an increasing problem. Therefore, optimizing of HAART is extremely important. The study is aimed at evaluating the toxicity of abacavir and etravirine in monotherapy on the reproductive system, liver, kidneys, and bones in young, sexually mature, male rats. Thirty-six 8-week-old male Wistar rats randomized into three 12-animal groups received either normal saline (control), abacavir 60 mg/kg (AB group), or etravirine 40 mg/kg (ET group) once daily for 16 weeks. Semen morphology, oxide–redox state parameters (MDA, SOD, catalase, GPx, glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio) in tissue homogenates (testes, liver, kidneys), and serum samples were studied. In bones, microcomputed tomography and a four-point bending test were performed. Total sperm count, sperm concentration, motility, and sperm morphology did not differ significantly in AB or ET groups compared to the control. In the flow cytometry of semen, an increased percentage of cells with denatured DNA was noticed for both tested drugs. However, no significant changes of oxide–redox state in testicular homogenates were found, except of increased SOD activity in the AB-receiving group. Additionally, ET significantly altered catalase and GPx in the liver and SOD activity in kidneys. Abacavir decreased catalase in the liver and GSH levels in kidneys. AB caused significant changes to bone microarchitecture (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, connectivity density, total porosity) and increased Young’s modulus. Etravirine had a greater impact on macrometric parameters of bones (tibial index, mid-tibial diameter, femur length). After 4 weeks in the ET group, a lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 serum concentration was found. The results showed that abacavir and etravirine disturb oxidative stress. An increase in the percentage of sperms with chromatin damage suggests decreased fertility in rats receiving the studied drugs. Both drugs affected bone formation in growing rats. Additionally, etravirine disturbed vitamin D metabolism.

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