scholarly journals Maintenance Status and Availability of Public Automated External Defibrillators: Results of On-Site Inspection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Youn Kim ◽  
Yun-kyoung Jung ◽  
Sun Hwa Yoon ◽  
Sun Ju Kim ◽  
Kyoung-chul Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
On Site Inspection

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the maintenance status and availability of publicly installed automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Methods Public AEDs installed in Seoul 2013 to 2017 were included. An inspector checked the maintenance status and availability of AEDs annually using a checklist. Results A total of 23,619 AEDs were inspected for 5 years. Access to AEDs was improved, including reduced obstacles around AEDs (from 9.3% in 2013 to 0.8% in 2017) and increased AED signs (from 34.3% in 2013 to 91.2% in 2017). The number of AEDs in normal operation (from 94.0% in 2013 to 97.5% in 2017), with normal battery charge (from 95.6% in 2013 to 96.8% in 2018), and electrode availability increased (from 97.1% in 2013 to 99.0% in 2017). However, the rate of electrode validity decreased (from 90.0% in 2013 to 87.2% in 2017). Non-ready-to-use AEDs and AEDs with limited 24-h availability accounted for 15.4% and 44.1% of the total number of AEDs, respectively. Conclusions Although most AEDs had a relatively good maintenance status, a significant proportion of public AEDs was not available for 24-h use. Invalid electrodes and limited 24-h accessibility were the main reasons that limited the 24-h availability of public AEDs.

Abstract 343: Effect of Periodic Inspection on Maintenance of the Public Automated External Defibrillators

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Youn Kim ◽  
Kyoungchul Cha ◽  
Woo Jin Jung ◽  
Youngil Roh ◽  
So Yeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
The Public ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
Periodic Inspection ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Periodic Inspections

Introduction and purposes: Communities need to pay attention to the maintenance of public access defibrillators (PADs) installed in their jurisdictions to ensure that the PADs are always available. The purpose of this study is to assess the maintenance status of the PAD and to investigate the effect of periodic inspections on the maintenance status of the PAD. Methods: From 2013 to 2018, PADs installed in Seoul Metropolitan area were eligible. After an 8-hour PAD inspection training, an inspector visited the PAD site once a year to check the defibrillator. The inspector checked the maintenance status of the PAD using the checklist and conducted a questionnaire on PAD management from the PAD manager. At the end of inspection, the inspector gave an instruction on PAD maintenance and usage to the person in charge. Results: A total of 18,011 PADs including 3,134 in 2013, 3402 in 2014, 5622 in 2015, 5909 in 2016, 5552 in 2017, and 3615 in 2018 were inspected. During study period, there was a tendency to improve accessibility to PAD including obstacles around the defibrillator (from 9.3% in 2013 to 0.8% in 2018, p trend=0.006) and installation of PAD signs (from 34.3% in 2013 to 99.9% in 2018, p trend=0.007). Maintenance status of PAD was improved in terms of normal operation (from 94.0% in 2013 to 99.7% in 2018, p trend=0.010), normal battery charge status (from 95.6% in 2013 to 99.7% in 2018, p trend=0.037), and availability of valid electrodes (from 97.1% in 2013 to 99.8% in 2018, p trend=0.035). There was no difference in the frequency of actual use to the victims (from 0.7% in 2013 to 1.1% in 2018, p trend=0.803). Conclusions: Periodic inspections improve maintenance status of the PAD and its availability.

scholarly journals Relocation of Resources in a Hierarchically Managed Transportation System Under Critical Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Dariusz Caban ◽  
Tomasz Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Critical State ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Complete Disruption ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

Abstract Critical state of operation is reached by a system when it is exposed to an unexpected coincidence of faults (such as periodic rapid increase of the service demand, unavailability of a significant proportion of vehicle operators, simultaneous breakdown of all or a large part of the vehicle fleet). This leads to complete disruption of the transportation system, which persists even after the faults are removed. The duration of critical state of operation is defined as the time needed to resume normal operation after such an incident. It is shown that this time can be predicted using the simulation tools. Furthermore, a contingency plan is proposed, based on relocation of some resources between independent parts of a hierarchically organized transportation system. This contingency plan is analysed to determine the optimal percentage of resources to be relocated and the duration of this relocation.

Low - Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging, Secondary and Backscatter, With Microchannel Plate Detector

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Galen Powers ◽  
Ray Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Microchannel Plate ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Backscatter Signal ◽  
Vacuum Interface ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
Beam Currents

The capability to obtain symmetrical images at voltages as low as 200 eV and beam currents less than 9 pico amps is believed to be advantageous for metrology and study of dielectric or biological samples. Symmetrical images should allow more precise and accurate line width measurements than currently achievable by traditional secondary electron detectors. The low voltage and current capability should allow imaging of samples which traditionally have been difficult because of charging or electron beam damage.The detector system consists of a lens mounted dual anode MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detector, vacuum interface, power supplies, and signal conditioning to interface directly to the video card of the SEM. The detector has been miniaturized so that it does not interfere with normal operation of the SEM sample handling and alternate detector operation. Biasing of the detector collection face will either add secondaries to the backscatter signal or reject secondaries yielding only a backscatter image. The dual anode design allows A−B signal processing to provide topological information as well as symmetrical A+B images.Photomicrographs will show some of the system capabilities. Resolution will be documented with gold on carbon. Variation of voltage, beam current, and working distance on dielectric samples such as glass and photoresist will demonstrate effects of common parameter changes.

Information-Seeking on the Internet

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Singaravelu ◽  
Anne Stewart ◽  
Joanna Adams ◽  
Sue Simkin ◽  
Keith Hawton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Negative Tone

Abstract. Background: The Internet is used by young people at risk of self-harm to communicate, find information, and obtain support. Aims: We aimed to identify and analyze websites potentially accessed by these young people. Method: Six search terms, relating to self-harm/suicide and depression, were input into four search engines. Websites were analyzed for access, content/purpose, and tone. Results: In all, 314 websites were included in the analysis. Most could be accessed without restriction. Sites accessed by self-harm/suicide search terms were mostly positive or preventive in tone, whereas sites accessed by the term ways to kill yourself tended to have a negative tone. Information about self-harm methods was common with specific advice on how to self-harm in 15.8% of sites, encouragement of self-harm in 7.0%, and evocative images of self-harm/suicide in 20.7%. Advice on how to get help was given in 56.1% of sites. Conclusion: Websites relating to suicide or self-harm are easily accessed. Many sites are potentially helpful. However, a significant proportion of sites are potentially harmful through normalizing or encouraging self-harm. Enquiry regarding Internet use should be routinely included while assessing young people at risk.

Searching Online for Methods of Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrich Eriksen ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Thilde Vildekilde
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Abstract. Background: Information on methods of suicide is available online, and access to information on methods of suicide appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides. There is limited documentation of how methods of suicide are being profiled, as well as what content exists in other languages than English. Aim: We aimed to analyze and compare how methods of suicide are profiled on Danish and English-language websites. Method: We applied a categorization and content analysis of websites describing methods of suicide. Sites were retrieved by applying widely used Danish and English-language search terms. Results: A total of 136 English-language websites and 106 Danish-language websites were included for analysis. Websites were more often categorized as prevention or support sites, academic or policy sites, and against suicide sites than dedicated suicide sites (i.e., pro-suicide sites), or information sites. However, information on methods of suicide was available, and 20.1% and 8.9% of the English and Danish-language sites, respectively, suggested that a particular method of suicide was quick, easy, painless, or certain to result in death. Limitations: Only one author coded and analyzed all websites. A further operationalization of the content analysis checklist is warranted to increase reliability. Conclusion: The websites primarily had a prevention or anti-suicide focus, but information on methods of suicide was available, requiring an increased focus on how to diminish the negative effects of harmful online content.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Assessment of the state and level of development of public-private partnership projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Savrukov ◽  
N. T. Savrukov ◽  
E. A. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The article analyzes the current state and level of development of publicprivate partnership (PPP) projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that a significant proportion of projects is implemented on a concession basis at the municipal level in the communal sphere. A detailed analysis of the project data showed that the structure of the projects is deformed in favor of the central regions of the Russian Federation, and a significant share in the total amount of financing falls on the transport sector. At the stage of assessing the level of development by the subjects of the Russian Federation, criteria were proposed, and index and integral indicators were used, which ensured comparability of the estimates obtained. At the end of the analysis, the regions were ranked and clustered according to the level of PPP development, which allowed to reveal the number and structure of leaders and outsiders.

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