scholarly journals Motor Development Problems in Infancy Predict Mental Disorders in Childhood: Longitudinal Child Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Weber Pant ◽  
Anne Mette Skovgaard ◽  
Janni Ammitzbøll ◽  
Bjørn Evald Holstein ◽  
Trine Pagh Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Database

Abstract The aim was to examine whether motor development problems in infancy predicted mental disorders later in childhood, taking a wide array of potential confounder variables into consideration. This longitudinal study included an unselected study population of 33,238 newborn children from the Copenhagen area in Denmark. Data on the predictor variable motor development problems at age 8-10 months was obtained from the community health nurses’ systematic evaluation of the child’s motor development problems during a home visit stored in the Child Health Database. Data on outcome, diagnosed mental disorders before age 8 years, was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. The study included potential confounders obtained from the Child Health Database, the National Birth Register, and the Civil Registration System. The prevalence of motor development problems at age 8-10 months was 19.3% and the incidence of any diagnosed mental disorder from age 11 months to the 8th birthday was 4.0%. Motor development problems were associated with an overall increased risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder before the 8th birthday, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.47 (1.29-1.67), in particular diagnosed neuro-developmental disorders, AOR 1.77 (1.52-2.06), such as autism-spectrum disorders, AOR 1.63 (1.31-2.03), hyperactivity/ attention deficit disorders, AOR 1.29 (1.03-1.61) and disorders of intellectual disability, AOR 3.28 (2.39-4.49). Conclusion: Motor development problems as early at age 9-10 months are predictive of neurodevelopmental disorders at age 1-8 years. The findings call for clinical attention and more research in the preventive potentials in the community child health care.

scholarly journals Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

Excess mortality of mental disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Harris ◽  
Brian Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Common

BackgroundWe describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.MethodWith a Medline search (1966–1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.ResultsHighest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.ConclusionAll mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.

Normality and Diversity

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 222-238
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
The Mind

This chapter begins by arguing that the different approaches to mental disorders are united in viewing such mental conditions as abnormal. Yet is it really the case that everything termed a mental ‘disorder’ is indeed so? Or could it be that in diagnosing conditions that affect the mind, we are ignoring the possibility that some ‘disorders’ may be part of the normal spectrum of human diversity? To take this argument further, could it even be the case that such diversity is an important component of human society and a source of some of its richness and achievements? The chapter looks at these possibilities, with particular reference to two quite different mental conditions—autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder. Autism spectrum disorders have been described as characterized by 'impairments in social interaction and both verbal and non-verbal communication, along with restricted, repetitive or stereotyped behaviour'. Meanwhile, the high and low phases of bipolar disorder are often so extreme that they interfere with everyday life; consequentially this can be a highly debilitating disorder. However, there is also an association of both types of mental disorder with great creativity, and high levels of intelligence.

scholarly journals Six-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Service Contacts among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katholiki Georgiades ◽  
Laura Duncan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jinette Comeau ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objectives: To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health–related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to 17 years) in Ontario. Methods: The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder).The MINI-KID was administered independently to the primary caregiver and youth aged 12 to 17 years in the family’s home. Results: Past 6-month prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 18.2% to 21.8% depending on age and informant. Behaviour disorders were the most common among children, and anxiety disorders were the most common among youth. Among children and youth with a parent-identified mental disorder, 25.6% of children and 33.7% of youth had contact with a mental health provider. However, 60% had contact with one or more of the providers or service settings assessed, most often through schools. Conclusions: Between 18% and 22% of children and youth in Ontario met criteria for a mental disorder but less than one-third had contact with a mental health provider. These findings provide support for strengthening prevention and early intervention efforts and enhancing service capacity to meet the mental health needs of children and youth in Ontario.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic factors in disability retirement due to mental disorders in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224
Author(s):  
Tino Karolaakso ◽  
Reija Autio ◽  
Turkka Näppilä ◽  
Kirsti Nurmela ◽  
Sami Pirkola
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Hospital District ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Previous research has identified low socioeconomic status (SES) as an epidemiological risk factor for early retirement and disability pension (DP) due to mental disorders. This study aims to examine these associations in greater detail, with separate consideration of the risk factors for mood disorders (F30–39) and non-affective psychotic disorder (F20–29) DP. Methods In this case–control setting the subjects (N = 36 879) were all those granted DP due to a mental disorder for the first time between 2010 and 2015 in Finland. All the subjects were matched with three controls for their gender, age and hospital district (N = 94 388). Three measures of dimensions of SES were used: education, income and occupational status, as well as family type as a control factor. Differences between DP recipients and controls, and between diagnostic groups, were studied using calculated characteristics and conditional logistic regression models. Results DP recipients often lived alone and had low educational and income levels. These characteristics were more prominent in non-affective psychotic disorder than in mood disorder DP. In white-collar occupational groups, the risk of DP was greater compared with blue-collar workers. Students were associated with the highest level of risk for all mental and mood disorder DPs. Conclusions We found evidence of SES factors associating with mental disorder-related severe loss of working and studying ability in a disorder-specific way. Notably, white-collar workers had an increased risk of mental disorder DP. This could be related to the psychosocially demanding contemporary working life in non-manual work.

scholarly journals Predictors of psychiatric comorbidity in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Roick ◽  
Helge Danker ◽  
Anette Kersting ◽  
Arne Dietrich ◽  
Andreas Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Purpose A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on one’s mental health. The present study investigated the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital. Methods Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed shortly before hospital discharge and half a year after hospitalization using a structured clinical interview (SCID), based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Frequencies at both time points were estimated using percentages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predictors of mental disorders were identified using binary logistic regression models. Results At time of hospital discharge, 39 out of 334 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity, and 15 (7%) were diagnosed half a year later. Among the diagnoses, adjustment disorders (3%) were most frequent at the time of hospital release, while major depression (3%) was the most frequent 6 months later. Having a mental disorder was associated with unemployment (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–10.9, p = 0.04). There was no evidence that school education (OR 2.0, CI 0.4–9.0, p = 0.38), higher education (OR 0.7, CI 0.2–2.4, p = 0.60), income (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.06), tumor stage (OR 1.1, CI 0.4–3.2, p = 0.85), type of disease (OR 0.6, CI 0.2–2.1, p = 0.47), pain (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.15), fatigue (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.77), or physical functioning (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.54) were related to the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions Unemployment was associated with at least a threefold increased risk of mental disorder, which highlights the need for special attention to be given to this subgroup of cancer patients.

scholarly journals Waiting for family reunification and the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers: a 24-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Hvidtfeldt ◽  
Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽  
Marie Norredam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Mental Health Effects

Abstract Purpose To examine whether family separation caused by prolonged waiting for family reunification is associated with the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers. Method Based on full-population Danish registry data covering 1995–2015, we mapped arrival patterns among nuclear refugee family members resettled in Denmark (n = 76,776) and established a cohort of refugee fathers (n = 6176) who all arrived alone and later obtained family reunification with their wife and children. The fathers were followed for up to 24 years, from the day their residence permit was issued until their first psychiatric diagnosis, emigration, death, or study end, whichever came first. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of being diagnosed with a mental disorder (i) for the period while the fathers were still separated from their family and (ii) across varying lengths of family separation. Results The HR of any mental disorder was 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–2.81) for fathers still separated from their family compared with those who had obtained family reunification. The HR increased with longer family separation. Compared with fathers separated for < 9 months, the HR of any mental disorder was 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.89) for 9–11 months’ separation, increasing to 2.02 (95% CI 1.52–2.68) for 18–23 months’ separation. Results were driven by post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion Fathers waiting for their wives and children face an increased risk of mental disorders. Countries receiving refugees should be aware that delaying family reunification can lead to adverse mental health effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Disorders in a School-Survey Sample

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Faravelli ◽  
Carolina Lo Sauro ◽  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
Valdo Ricca ◽  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Trained Teachers

Background: Most of the adult mental disorders have their origins early in life. As the epidemiology of childhood psychiatric disorder in Italy has not been extensively investigated, we have evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders and their association with socio-familiar variables in a representative sample of children aged 6 to 11. Method: The study was conducted on a school- sample of 1028 children, aged 6 to 11, attending 12 primary schools in Florence (Italy). The diagnoses were made according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria, integrated by the description of each symptom, using specially trained teachers as lay-interviewers. Odds ratios with 95% C.I. chi squares and a stepwise binary logistic analysis have been performed. Results: Nine hundred ninety nine children (506 males; 493 females) were studied. Of them, 10.5% received a psychiatric diagnosis, with a higher prevalence in males (66.7% vs.33.3, p<0.01). The most prevalent groups of mental disorders were the behavioural/impulse control (7.2%) and anxiety (6.4%) disorders. Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder was the most represented diagnosis (5.6% of the children). All the other mental disorders were relatively rare, with only separation anxiety and overanxious disorder exceeding 1% prevalence. Male gender, organic disease, having mother divorced, not present or dead, attending school full-time, cohabitation in the family were associated with an increased risk for any childhood mental disorder. Conclusions: About one in ten children aged 6-11 suffers from a mental disorder. Male gender, loss of mother and lower socio-economic status are associated with mental disorders in children. Further long-term prospective studies are needed, in order to clarify the epidemiological and psychopathological relationships between childhood and adult mental disorders.

Prediction of postnatal developmental disabilities using the antenatal fetal neurodevelopmental test: KANET assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Hata ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Uiko Hanaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective To assess the usefulness of the antenatal fetal neurodevelopmental test for the prediction of postnatal developmental disabilities. Methods Fetal behavior was assessed with Kurjak’s antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) using four-dimensional ultrasound between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation. A score range of 0–5 was characterized as abnormal, from 6 to 9 was considered borderline, and 10–16 was normal. After birth, follow-up was conducted for at least 2 years in all fetuses. Results There were 337 normal (95.47%) and 16 borderline (4.53%) cases among the 353 cases studied, whereas there was no abnormal case. Five cases with postnatal developmental disabilities (one case of Werdig-Hoffmann disease diagnosed just after delivery, one case of autism spectrum disorder diagnosed at 24 months, one case of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy diagnosed at 9 months and two cases of developmental disorders diagnosed at age 3 and 18 months) were noted among the 337 normal cases (1.48%), whereas three cases with developmental disabilities (one case of motor development delay diagnosed at 6 months, one case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy diagnosed at 18 months and one case of autism spectrum disorder diagnosed at age 30 months) were found among the 16 borderline cases (18.75%). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of postnatal developmental disabilities between the normal and borderline KANET groups (P<0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that the KANET assessment may be a useful diagnostic modality for the prediction of postnatal developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Associations of musculoskeletal disorders with occupational stress and mental health among coal miners in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Xuemei Sun ◽  
Qiaoyun Xue ◽  
Xiaofan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), a common type of occupational diseases, have become the main cause of absenteeism and early retirement in the occupational population, as well as a major risk factor for occupational disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational stress and mental health on MSDs in coal miners in Xinjiang, China, to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the incidence of MSDs in coal miners and improving their physical and mental health. Methods In this study, stratified cluster random sampling was used to randomly select six coal mining companies in Xinjiang, and 1675 coal miners were surveyed by questionnaire. The status of occupational stress, mental health and MSDs among coal miners was investigated by means of the Effort–Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI), Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90), and Musculoskeletal disorders scale (MSDs) questionnaire. Results The prevalence of MSDs among coal miners was higher, and there were statistical differences among different sexes, ages, working years, shifts, types of work, educational level and monthly income (P < 0.001). The prevalence of MSDs in different body parts in the occupational stress group and mental disorder group was higher than that in the normal group. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females had an increased risk of developing MSDs (OR = 2.23, 95% CI.:1.50,3.33). The risk of MSDs was higher with age < 30 years (30-39 years,OR = 2.39, 95% CI.,1.68,3.40; 40-49 years,OR = 2.15, 95% CI.:1.52,3.04; 50-60 years:OR = 3.25, 95% CI.:2.09,5.07), and the longer the working years, the higher the risk of MSDs (OR = 1.90, 95% CI.:1.38,2.62). The two shifts group (OR = 2.18, 95% CI.:1.59,2.98) had an increased risk of developing MSDs compared with the fixed day shift group. The risk of MSDs was lower in heading drivers (OR = 0.41, 95% CI.:0.29,0.60,) and transport workers (OR = 0.30, 95% CI.:0.20,0.43). The higher the education level, the lower the risk of MSDs (high school: OR = 0.46, 95% CI.:0.34,0.62, junior college and above: OR = 0.12, 95% CI.:0.08,0.17), and the higher the monthly income, the lower the risk of MSDs (OR = 0.50, 95% CI.:0.34,0.74). Occupational stress (OR = 1.32, 95% CI.:1.05,1.67) and mental disorder(OR = 2.94, 95% CI.:2.25,3.84) increased the risk of MSDs. A Bayesian network diagram showed that occupational stress and MSDs have direct effects on mental disorders, and occupational stress can have indirect effects on mental disorders through MSDs. Conclusion Our research shows that MSDs are common among coal miners. Occupational stress and psychological disorders can increase the incidence of MSDs.

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