Increased Rate of Enteric Bacteria As Cause of Periprosthetic Joint Infections In Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta S. Koepf ◽  
Sebastian Scheidt ◽  
Christian P. Strassburg ◽  
Dieter C. Wirtz ◽  
Thomas Randau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a major complication in joint-arthroplasty. While Rifampicin is one of the few antimicrobial agents, that penetrate the bacterial biofilm and therefore is often used as an additional agent to treat PJI, rifampicin-resistant pathogens are also known to be cross-resistant to other approved rifamycins (rifambutin, rifaximin and rifapentine). Moreover, rifaximin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic with poor intestinal absorption, is used to prevent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy. As transient resistances to rifampin may emerge in patients after taking rifaximin the aim of this study was to examine the microbial pattern of periprosthetic joint infections in cirrhotic patients and to test the hypothesis that intake of rifaximin increases the rate of resistance to rifampicin in periprosthetic joint infections. Methods: A cohort of cirrhotic patients and PJI (n=25) was analysed on the characteristics of bacterial isolates from sonication and tissue analysis. In a second step a subgroup analysis on the development of rifampicin resistant bacterial specimens, depending on the intake of rifaximin (8 rifaximin intake patients vs. 13 non rifaximin intake patients) was performed. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were found in nearly 30% of the specimens. By comparison of the single bacterial isolates, rifampicin resistance was detected in 69.2% (9/13) of the rifaximin-intake samples. In contrast, the non-rifaximin-intake isolates only were resistant to rifampicin in 22.2% (4/18) of the cases (p=0.01). The odds ratio for developing a rifampicin-resistance through rifaximin intake was calculated as OR=13.5.Conclusion: Periprosthetic joint infections have a high incidence of being caused by gram-negative bacteria in cirrhotic patients. Due to this change in microbial pattern and the innate resistance to rifampicin of most of gram-negative bacteria, the therapy with rifampicin should be carefully considered. The association between the use of rifaximin and developed resistance to rifampicin has a major impact on the treatment of PJI.

Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Indolequinone Derivatives against Clinically Relevant Bacterial Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Odriane Custodio Leite ◽  
Juliana Silva Novais ◽  
Beatriz Lima Cosenza de Carvalho ◽  
Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo Alves Miceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dione Derivative ◽  
In Silico Studies

Background: According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health threats of the 21st century. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of antimicrobial agents with new mechanism of action, especially those capable of evading known resistance mechanisms. Objective: We described the synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation, and in silico analysis of a series of 1H-indole-4,7-dione derivatives. Methods: The new series of 1H-indole-4,7-diones was prepared with good yield by using a copper(II)- mediated reaction between bromoquinone and β-enamino ketones bearing alkyl or phenyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. The antimicrobial potential of indole derivatives was assessed. Molecular docking studies were also performed using AutoDock 4.2 for Windows. Characterization of all compounds was confirmed by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques 1H and 13C NMR spectra [1H, 13C – APT, 1H x 1H – COSY, HSQC and HMBC], IR and mass spectrometry analysis. Results: Several indolequinone compounds showed effective antimicrobial profile against Grampositive (MIC = 16 µg.mL-1) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 8 µg.mL-1) similar to antimicrobials current on the market. The 3-acetyl-1-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-indole-4,7-dione derivative exhibited an important effect against different biofilm stages formed by a serious hospital life-threatening resistant strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A hemocompatibility profile analysis based on in vitro hemolysis assays revealed the low toxicity effects of this new series. Indeed, in silico studies showed a good pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles for all indolequinone derivatives, reinforcing their feasibility to display a promising oral bioavailability. An elucidation of the promising indolequinone derivatives binding mode was achieved, showing interactions with important sites to biological activity of S. aureus DNA gyrase. These results highlighted 3-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1Hindole- 4,7-dione derivative as broad-spectrum antimicrobial prototype to be further explored for treating bacterial infections. Conclusion: The highly substituted indolequinones were obtained in moderate to good yields. The pharmacological study indicated that these compounds should be exploited in the search for a leading substance in a project aimed at obtaining new antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Super-Cationic Peptide Dendrimers—Synthesis and Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Estelle J. Ramchuran ◽  
Isabel Pérez-Guillén ◽  
Linda A. Bester ◽  
René Khan ◽  
Fernando Albericio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cationic Peptide ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Peptide Dendrimers ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Lead Candidate

Microbial infections are a major public health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been demonstrated to be a plausible alternative to the current arsenal of drugs that has become inefficient due to multidrug resistance. Herein we describe a new AMP family, namely the super-cationic peptide dendrimers (SCPDs). Although all members of the series exert some antibacterial activity, we propose that special attention should be given to (KLK)2KLLKLL-NH2 (G1KLK-L2KL2), which shows selectivity for Gram-negative bacteria and virtually no cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HEK293. These results reinforce the validity of the SCPD family as a valuable class of AMP and support G1KLK-L2KL2 as a strong lead candidate for the future development of an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria.

Newer Quinolones in the Treatment of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Related Infections

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dosing Intervals ◽  
Good Oral Bioavailability

Newer fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and fleroxacin are potent antimicrobial agents against many gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa species and staphylococci-sensitive or resistant to methicillin. They are almost completely absorbed when given orally, reaching therapeutic plasma and dialysate concentrations, and their long half lives permit infrequent dosing intervals. Clinical studies on fluoroquinolones efficacy in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) infections, although not extensive, demonstrate good results. They are well tolerated and the adverse reactions, consisting mainly of gastrointestinal disturbance, were uncommon, mild, and reversible. The fluoroquinolones offer a promising alternative to standard parenteral treatments in CAPD patients, while their good oral bioavailability makes them attractive and convenient for both patients and hospital staff. However, they must be used with caution until we have more information and gain further experience.

scholarly journals OMN6 a novel bioengineered peptide for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Mandel ◽  
Janna Michaeli ◽  
Noa Nur ◽  
Isabelle Erbetti ◽  
Jonathan Zazoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cecropin A

AbstractNew antimicrobial agents are urgently needed, especially to eliminate multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria that stand for most antibiotic-resistant threats. In the following study, we present superior properties of an engineered antimicrobial peptide, OMN6, a 40-amino acid cyclic peptide based on Cecropin A, that presents high efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria with a bactericidal mechanism of action. The target of OMN6 is assumed to be the bacterial membrane in contrast to small molecule-based agents which bind to a specific enzyme or bacterial site. Moreover, OMN6 mechanism of action is effective on Acinetobacter baumannii laboratory strains and clinical isolates, regardless of the bacteria genotype or resistance-phenotype, thus, is by orders-of-magnitude, less likely for mutation-driven development of resistance, recrudescence, or tolerance. OMN6 displays an increase in stability and a significant decrease in proteolytic degradation with full safety margin on erythrocytes and HEK293T cells. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that OMN6 is an efficient, stable, and non-toxic novel antimicrobial agent with the potential to become a therapy for humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish A. Sawant ◽  
Narasimha V. Hegde ◽  
Beth A. Straley ◽  
Sarah C. Donaldson ◽  
Brenda C. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which Escherichia coli (87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in E. coli isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of E. coli isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that tet determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions, E. coli subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric E. coli from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates from Tracheal Aspirates and their Anti-microbial Susceptibility in Mechanically-Ventilated Children with Pneumonia Admitted to an Urban Critical Care Ward

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Shahunja ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽  
Shafiqul Alam Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Tracheal Aspirates

Background and Aims: Data on Bacterial isolates from tracheal aspirates in children with severe pneumonia requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation especially in developing countries are very limited. We examined the microbial spectrum of bacteria isolated from tracheal aspirate of those children. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of those bacteria were also examined.Methods: We evaluated the data of all mechanically ventilated children aged 0-59 months admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of “Dhaka Hospital” of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2009 and July 2013 having their tracheal aspirate culture done. Data were extracted from electronic medical records of the Dhaka Hospital.Results: Among 836 admitted pneumonia children in the ICU, we identified 35 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them 34 (97%) had positive bacterial growths: Klebseilla species in 14 (40%), Escherichia coli in 11 (31%), Acinetobacter in 8 (23%) and Streptococcus species in 8 (23%). Additionally, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudominas and Proteus species were identified in 6 (17%), 4 (11%), and 2 (6%) of the children respectively. The susceptibility of the gram-negatives, except Klebseilla, to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone ranged from 0- 54%, while that for ceftazidime and amikacin ranged from 12-80%. The sensitivity of Klebseilla to these antibiotics ranged from 0-100%.Conclusions: Our data suggests that gram-negative bacteria, Klebseilla followed by Escherichia coli, and Acenetobacter are the predominant bacteria associated with severe pneumonia in ventilated children. The increased number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is being accompanied by rising rates of multi-drug resistance which underscores the importance of aggressive antimicrobial therapy in the management of such children.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 60-64

scholarly journals Susceptibility trends of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators when tested against European Gram-negative bacterial surveillance isolates collected during 2012–18

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2907-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S Sader ◽  
Cecilia G Carvalhaes ◽  
Leonard R Duncan ◽  
Robert K Flamm ◽  
Dee Shortridge
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Systemic Infections

Abstract Background The Program to Assess Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and numerous antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria worldwide. Objectives To evaluate the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and resistance trends among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolates in Europe between 2012 and 2018. Methods P. aeruginosa (7503) and Enterobacterales (30 582) isolates were collected from 53 medical centres in 26 countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region and tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution method in a central laboratory. MIC results were interpreted using EUCAST criteria. Results Ceftolozane/tazobactam was the most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa isolates after colistin, with overall susceptibility rates of 94.1% in Western Europe and 80.9% in Eastern Europe. Moreover, ceftolozane/tazobactam retained activity against 75.2% and 59.2% of meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Tobramycin was the third most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility rates of 88.6% and 70.9% in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 94.5% of all Enterobacterales and 96.1% of meropenem-susceptible isolates from Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 79.4% of Enterobacterales overall and 86.2% of meropenem-susceptible isolates. Discussion Antimicrobial susceptibility rates for agents commonly used to treat serious systemic infections varied widely among nations and geographic regions and were generally lower in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe. Ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated potent activity against P. aeruginosa, including MDR strains, and retained activity against most meropenem-susceptible Enterobacterales causing infection in European medical centres.

scholarly journals Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Sisay ◽  
Negussie Bussa ◽  
Tigist Gashaw ◽  
Getnet Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slow Development

Medicinal plants are targeted in the search for new antimicrobial agents. Nowadays, there is an alarmingly increasing antimicrobial resistance to available agents with a very slow development of new antimicrobials. It is, therefore, necessary to extensively search for new agents based on the traditional use of herbal medicines as potential source. The antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Verbena officinalis (Vo-80ME), Myrtus communis (Mc-80ME), and Melilotus elegans (Me-80ME) was tested against 6 bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion technique. In each extract, 3 concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/well were tested for each bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Vo-80ME and Mc-80ME exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the highest zone of inhibition being 18.67 and 26.16 mm, respectively at concentration of 40 mg/well. Regarding gram-negative bacteria, Vo-80ME exhibited an appreciable activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Mc-80ME displayed remarkable activity against all isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the maximum zone of inhibition being 22.83 mm. Me-80ME exhibited better antibacterial activity against E coli, but its secondary metabolites had little or no activity against other gram-negative isolates. The MIC values of Vo-80ME ranged from 0.16 to 4.00 mg/mL. The lowest MIC was observed in Mc-80ME, with the value being 0.032 mg/mL. Mc-80ME had bactericidal activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Mc-80ME showed remarkable zone of inhibitions in all tested bacterial isolates. Besides, Vo-80ME showed good antibacterial activity against S aureus, E coli, and S typhi. Conversely, Me-80ME has shown good activity against E coli only. Generally, M communis L and V officinalis have good MIC and MBC results.

scholarly journals Emergence of Colistin Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital in 2019

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
SM Ali Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a rapidly emerging global threatgenerated a sense of public alarm. Objective: To combat this challenge a study was designedto evaluate the fast spreading infections by colistin-resistant pathogens in the tertiary care rural hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: To study isolation ofpathogenic gram-negative bacilli,clinical sample (n-640) of hospitalized patients of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital in Enayetpur, Bangladesh during the 1st quarter of the year 2019 were used. The bacterial isolates were screened for meropenem and colistin-resistance. Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were studied which included Escherichia coli (n-112), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n-14), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n-27), and Salmonella typhi (n-3). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 32/156(20%) and 119/156 (76%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and colistin, respectively. whereas 50/156 (32%) isolates were resistant to both antibiotics. Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi isolates respectivelywere 112/156 (72%), 14/156 (9%). 27/156 (17%), and 3/156 (2%). Conclusion: Colistin is typically used as salvage therapy, or last-line treatment, for MDR gramnegative infections.But there is worrisome therapeutic scenario in our study finding of colistin resistance is 76% in Gram-negative bacteria of the clinical isolates. The restricted and rational use of colistin drug is the need of hour. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-2, July 2020, Page 87-90

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document