scholarly journals Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Arsenic and Uric Acid Levels: Results from NHANES 2007-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Gao ◽  
Li Tong ◽  
Saisai Zhao ◽  
Lina Jin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Association Model ◽  
Kernel Machine ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Kernel Machine Regression ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Abstract Background: Mechanisms underlying abnormal uric acid (UA) levels from exposure to heavy metals have not been not fully elucidated, especially in the context of mixtures.Objectives: To identify major heavy metals affected UA levels with a mixture exposure concept in the association model.Methods: 4794 adults from 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were involved. Serum UA (SUA) and SUA/SCr were used to estimate the UA levels, and cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in blood and/or urinary were evaluated in the study. We assessed the associations between heavy metals and UA levels using linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Results: The median [P25, P75] SUA/SCr and SUA level were 6.22[5.27, 7.32] and 0.83[0.72, 0.98], respectively. There was no difference for SUA/SCr by gender, (men: 6.25[5.39, 7.29]; women: 6.17[5.17, 7.36], P=0.162), but men had higher SUA than women (men: 0.95[0.85, 1.05]; women: 0.72[0.64, 0.82], P<0.001). Blood Pb (βmen = 0.651 and βwomen =1.014) and urinary Cd (βmen = 0.252 and βwomen = 0.613) were positively associated with SUA/SCr, and urinary Pb (βmen = -0.462 and βwomen = -0.838) was inversely associated with SUA/SCr in multivariate linear regression analysis, but urinary As (βmen= 0.351) was positively associated with SUA/SCr only in men. BKMR showed that higher concentrations of exposure to a mixture of heavy metals was positively associated with higher UA levels, where Cd, Pb and urinary As contributed most to the overall mixture effect in men, while Pb and urinary Cd in women.Conclusions: Our study provided the first evidence that mixtures of metals are associated with the UA levels. Increased concentrations of metals, particularly blood Pb, urinary Cd and As (only in men) may increase the levels of UA.

scholarly journals Relationship between Thyroid and Kidney Function: Analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Between 2013 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hyang Ki Min ◽  
Sung Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
National Health ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Introduction: Thyroid function is evaluated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4). Although many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between thyroid hormones and kidney functions, reports about the simultaneous evaluation of TSH and fT4 are rare. Objective: We aimed to analyze the association between TSH and kidney function, with emphasis on a potential nonlinear relationship, and identify an independent relationship between fT4 and kidney function. Methods: We reviewed the data of 7,061 subjects in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who were randomly subsampled for thyroid function evaluation between 2013 and 2015. A total of 5,578 subjects were included in the final analysis, after excluding people <18 years old, and those with a short fasting time, abnormal fT4 levels, and thyroid disease or related medications. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to define kidney function. Results: A 1 mmol/L increase of logarithmic TSH was associated with decreased eGFR (β: –1.8; 95% CI –2.3 to –1.2; p < 0.001), according to multivariate linear regression analysis. On the multivariate generalized additive model plot, TSH demonstrated an L-shaped relationship with eGFR, showing a steeper slope for 0–4 mIU/L of TSH. A 1 µg/dL increase of fT4 was also associated with decreased eGFR (β: –7.0; 95% CI –0.94 to –4.7; p < 0.001) on the multivariate linear regression analysis; this association was reversed after adjusting for age. On the mediation analysis, the indirect effect via age and direct effect per 1 µg/dL increase of fT4 on eGFR was 9.9 (8.1 to 11.7, p < 0.001) and –7.1 (–9.3 to –4.8, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Increased TSH was associated with decreased eGFR, particularly in the reference range. The direct effect of increased fT4 was decreased eGFR, which may be affected indirectly by age.

scholarly journals 2011. Reaction of Clinicians to Positive Respiratory Viral Panels in Non-critically Ill Patients Without Bacterial Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S675-S675
Author(s):  
Jason C Gallagher ◽  
Sara Lee ◽  
Leah Rodriguez ◽  
Jacqueline Emily Von Bulow ◽  
Kaede Ota Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ

Abstract Background Respiratory viral panels (RVPs) can detect multiple viral pathogens and give clinicians diagnostic confidence to discontinue antibiotics. However, relatively little is known about how these tests influence antibiotic prescribing in hospital settings. Methods This was a 26-month retrospective chart review of patients with positive RVPs. Hospitalized adults receiving antibiotics at the time of the RVP were included. Exclusion criteria were: ICU care, solid-organ transplantation (SOT), positive RVP for influenza, positive bacterial cultures, and antibiotic administration for bacterial infection (e.g., cellulitis). A multivariate linear regression model was created to investigate associations with longer antibiotic use after a positive RVP. Results 1,346 patients were screened and 242 met inclusion criteria. Primary reasons for exclusion were SOT, ICU, and influenza diagnosis. Patients were a median age of 60.5 years [IQR 51,70] and 35.5% were men. The median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days [IQR 3.6]. 233 patients (6.3%) had chest radiology performed, of which 71 (30.4%) had possible pneumonia noted. 50 (20.7%) were immunocompromised (IC). 199 (82.2%) had a history of pulmonary disease, most commonly COPD. Rhinovirus was isolated in 156 patients (64.5%), followed by metapneumovirus (35, 14.9%) and RSV (32, 13.3%). Antibiotics were given for a median total of 3 days [IQR 3.6]; they were discontinued within 24 hours of the RVP result in 107 patients (44.2%). Conclusion In this population of patients with viral infection and no discernable bacterial infection, 44.2% of patients had antibiotics discontinued within 24 hours of RVP results. On multivariate linear regression analysis, younger age, longer LOS, and IC status were associated with longer antibiotic duration after a positive RVP. A comparison with patients with negative RVP results could reveal if the test prompted discontinuation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Correlation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110637
Author(s):  
Valerio Di Paola ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Giacomo Avesani ◽  
Benedetta Gui ◽  
Andrea Boni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Good Agreement

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the relation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) by means of 1.5 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) imaging through a multivariate linear regression analysis model. Methods: For this retrospective study, 56 patients (mean age 63.5 years), who underwent 1.5-T prostate MRI, including DTI, were enrolled between October 2014 and December 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant correlation between FA values (dependent variable) and ADC, the number and the length of PNF (independent variables), if p-value <0.05. A value of 0.5 indicated poor agreement; 0.5–0.75, moderate agreement; 0.75–0.9, good agreement; 0.61–0.80, good agreement; and 0.9–1.00, excellent agreement. Results: The overall fit of the multivariate regression model was excellent, with R2 value of 0.9445 ( R2 adjusted 0.9412; p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.05) for all the three independent variables. The r partial value was −0.9612 for ADC values ( p < 0.0001), suggesting a strong negative correlation, 0.4317 for the number of fiber tracts ( p < 0.001), suggesting a moderate positive correlation, and −0.306 for the length of the fiber tracts ( p < 0.05), suggesting a weak negative correlation. Conclusions: Our multivariate linear regression model has demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between FA values of PNF with other DTI parameters, in particular with ADC.

scholarly journals Prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia and its association with prediabetes, dyslipidemia and subclinical inflammation markers among young healthy adults in Qatar

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Al Shanableh ◽  
Yehia Y. Hussein ◽  
Abdul Haseeb Saidwali ◽  
Maryam Al-Mohannadi ◽  
Budoor Aljalham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia in Qatar and to examine its association with changes in markers of dyslipidemia, prediabetes and subclinical inflammation. Methods A cross-sectional study of young adult participants aged 18 - 40 years old devoid of comorbidities collected between 2012 and 2017. Exposure was defined as uric acid level, and outcomes were defined as levels of different blood markers. De-identified data were collected from Qatar Biobank. T-tests, correlation tests and multiple linear regression were all used to investigate the effects of hyperuricemia on blood markers. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 16. Results The prevalence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is 21.2% among young adults in Qatar. Differences between hyperuricemic and normouricemic groups were observed using multiple linear regression analysis and found to be statistically and clinically significant after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking and exercise. Significant associations were found between uric acid level and HDL-c p = 0.019 (correlation coefficient -0.07 (95% CI [-0.14, -0.01]); c-peptide p = 0.018 (correlation coefficient 0.38 (95% CI [0.06, 0.69]) and monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) p = 0.026 (correlation coefficient 0.47 (95% CI [0.06, 0.89]). Conclusions Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is prevalent among young adults and associated with markers of prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and subclinical inflammation.

Abstract P519: Multivitamin Use And Arterial Stiffness In Older Women And Men

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisa Matsumoto ◽  
Susanne Rautiainen ◽  
Elise Roche ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Howard D Sesso
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivitamin Use

Introduction: A multivitamin (MV) is the most commonly taken supplement in older U.S. adults. Arterial stiffness is an important intermediate marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have examined the association of MV use and arterial stiffness. Hypothesis: Regular multivitamin use is associated with lower levels of arterial stiffness. Methods: A subcohort of participants enrolled in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS), a large scale randomized clinical trial testing a MV and a cocoa extract supplement on CVD and cancer, completed baseline measurement of arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), and central blood pressure (CBP). Frequency and duration of MV use was assessed via self-report questionnaire at baseline. The cross-sectional association of MV use and arterial stiffness was evaluated by multivariate linear regression with adjustment for conventional CVD risk factors. We also performed subgroup analyses to evaluate effect modification between MV use and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension. Results: A total of 470 (229 women and 241 men) COSMOS participants were included in this study, with mean age 69.1±5.2 years, of whom 150 (32%) reported current MV use at baseline. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that current MV use (yes versus no) was significantly associated with lower PWV (β:-0.59±1.02, p=0.004) but not associated with other measures of arterial stiffness, including AI or CBP. There were also no consistent associations between frequency and duration of MV use with any of the measures of arterial stiffness. Also, there was no effect modification by sex, age, BMI, or hypertension on the association between MV use and arterial stiffness. Conclusions: MV use was associated with lower PWV in older subjects. Further results from the COSMOS trial on randomized MV supplementation and changes in arterial stiffness over 2 years will further elucidate the effects of MV on arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Baseline Triglyceride Level Affected the Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Treating Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the VISION Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lingli Zhou ◽  
Xiaoling Cai ◽  
Yingying Luo ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Linong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Identifying factors that may impact vildagliptin’s efficacy could contribute to individualized treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we aimed to assess the correlation between patient baseline triglyceride (TG) and efficacy of vildagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in a post hoc analysis of the VISION study. TG-based subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate baseline TG’s impact on the decrease of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients receiving vildagliptin plus low-dose metformin (VLDM) vs. high-dose metformin (HDM). Additionally, multivariate linear regression was performed to assess the association between baseline TG and HbA1c reduction at weeks 12 and 24 for patients receiving VLDM vs. HDM. For patients receiving VLDM, baseline TG≤2.03 mmol/L was associated with significantly greater HbA1c reduction vs. TG>2.03 mmol/L at week 12, but not at week 24. Additionally, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant independent association and an association short of statistical significance between patient baseline TG and the HbA1c-reducing efficacy of VLDM at weeks 12 (P<0.001) and 24 (P=0.082), respectively, while such association was absent for HDM. Collectively, baseline TG was an independent predictive factor for the efficacy of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV in treating type 2 diabetes during its initial use.

scholarly journals Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grandahl ◽  
Jenny Stern ◽  
Eva-Lotta Funkquist
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Breastfeeding is associated with health benefits for both the mother and infant and is therefore important to support; moreover, parental leave is a beneficial factor for breastfeeding. The Swedish parental leave is generous, allowing each parent to take 90 days; additionally, a further 300 days can be taken by either parent. Generally, mothers take 70% of the parental leave days, mainly during the first year. However, breastfeeding duration has declined in the last decade, and it is not known how shared parental leave is associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Aim To investigate how parental leave is associated with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding of the infant during the first 12 months after birth. An additional aim was to describe infants’ and parents’ characteristics and mode of birth in association with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding. Methods This cross-sectional study was part of the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Study, conducted in Sweden in 2012–2015. The parents were recruited at 153 antenatal clinics in nine counties. In total, 813 couples completed a follow-up questionnaire 1 year after birth. Linear regression models were used to analyse the association between parental leave and the duration of breastfeeding. Results Infants were exclusively breastfed for, on average, 2.5 months (range 0–12 months) and partially breastfed, on average, 7 months (range 0–12 months). Most of the parental leave was taken by the mother (mean = 10.9 months) during the infant’s first 12 months, while the partner took 3 months, on average. The parental leave (used and planned) during the infant’s first 24 months were, on average, 21 months. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, mothers’ and partners’ high level of education (p < 0.001, p = 0.044, respectively), mothers’ higher age (p = 0.049), non-instrumental vaginal birth (p = 0.004) and longer parental leave for the first 24 months (p < 0.001) were associated with longer duration of partial breastfeeding. Conclusion The duration of partial breastfeeding was associated with higher parental educational level, higher age, non-instrumental vaginal birth and longer parental leave.

scholarly journals Structural and Biomechanical Corneal Differences between Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João N. Beato ◽  
João Esteves-Leandro ◽  
David Reis ◽  
Manuel Falcão ◽  
Vítor Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To analyze and compare corneal structural and biomechanical properties, characterized by corneal hysteresis (CH) and resistance factor (CRF), between patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and determine the main ocular variables that influence them. Methods. Sixty diabetic and 48 age- and sex-matched non-DM patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The DM group was analyzed according to DM duration (<or ≥ 10 years), HbA1c levels (<or ≥ 7%), and presence of retinopathy. CH and CRF were evaluated using the Ocular Response Analyzer® (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined by Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam® HR). Intraocular pressure was obtained with ORA (IOPcc) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP-GAT). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between demographical, clinical, and ocular variables with the biomechanical properties. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the CH and the CRF between DM and non-DM groups (p=0.637 and p=0.439, respectively). Also, there was no statistical difference between groups for the CCT, IOPcc, or IOP-GAT. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that CH was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and negatively associated with IOPcc (p<0.001), while CRF was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and IOPcc (p=0.014). Conclusion. The CCT and IOPcc were found to be the main parameters that affect corneal biomechanical properties both in diabetics and controls. In this study, there was no significant effect of DM type 2 on corneal biomechanics.

Relative contribution of various expressions of cAMP excretion to other indices of parathyroid function, as tested by discriminant multivariate linear regression analysis.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Valsamis ◽  
J Van Peborgh ◽  
H Brauman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Parathyroid Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate

Abstract We evaluated the relative contribution to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroid disease from current laboratory indices of parathyroid function--plasma calcium (I), phosphate (II), carboxy-terminal (III) and predominantly amino-terminal (IV) radioimmunoassays of parathyrin, the urinary excretion ratios of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to creatinine (V) or to glomerular filtrate (VI), and the ratio of the nephrogenous fraction of cAMP to glomerular filtrate (VII)--in 224 subjects: 40 with surgically proven hyperparathyroid disease, the others normoparathyroid. The decreasing order of sensitivity was I greater than VI greater than VII greater than V greater than III greater than IV greater than II; all these indices differed significantly between normoparathyroid and hyperparathyroid patients. The decreasing order of specificity was VII, III greater than I greater than IV greater than V, II greater than VI. Discriminant multivariate linear regression analysis was performed in a subset of 58 subjects (17 hyper- and 41 normoparathyroid) from the population studied here, chosen because all of the laboratory indices were determined for each subject. The classification accuracy was 98.3% for combining I, VII, and III (r = 0.908), or I and V (r = 0.893), or I and VII (r = 0.889). The other variables did not add to the precision of classification.

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