scholarly journals Bionomics of Peckia (Euboettcheria) Anguilla and Peckia (Euboettcheria) Collusor (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in The Laboratory.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Nascimento ◽  
Alexandre da-Silva-Xavier ◽  
Lorrane Pereira ◽  
Carlos Sánchez ◽  
Margareth Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Stage Duration ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Flesh Flies

Abstract Flesh-flies are important mechanical vectors that cause myiasis in man and animals and they also play an important role in forensic entomology. Postmortem interval can be estimated using data available in the literature on the biology of the species. This study aims to elucidate the bionomics of these two species in order to provide preliminary data for medical, veterinary and forensic entomology analyses. We analyzed the larval stage durations (L1–L3), weight of the mature larvae (L3), L1-pupae stage duration, L3-pupae stage duration, pupal stage duration, L1–adult duration, adult emergence, atrophies and the viability of larvae and adults. The mean duration of the L1–adult of Peckia anguilla was 22.6 days and 21.8 days, in the first and second experiments. Mean lifespan for females and males was 75 and 69.6 days, respectively. The mean duration of the L1–adult of Peckia collusor was 25.9 days and 23.8 days, in the first and second experiments. Mean lifespan for females and males was 77.5 and 73.5 days, respectively. Although the two species presented similar results in relation to their post-embryonic development, P. collusor showed an adult lifespan longer, laying 1983 larvae throughout the experiment, while P. anguilla depositing 2298 larvae.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

scholarly journals Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] on stored groundnut in Ganye area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
C.S. Oaya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Life

Abstract. Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State from June to September, 2015. The sex of the bruchid (male and female) was assigned the sub-treatment while the period of development was the main treatment and was replicated three times. The work considered the pre-oviposition stage, incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and the total life cycle of the bruchid (male and female). The experiment was carried out under Laboratory conditions at 30-35°C temperature and 70-90% relative humidity. After the experiment was established, weekly counting of the total number of eggs laid was carried out at intervals. The results showed that, the mean developmental stages in both female and male bruchids were: 6.50 and 6.00 days; 17.00 and 18.00 days; 13.50 and 13.50 days; 12.00 and 13.50 days; 48.00 and 50.00 days for incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and total life cycle of the bruchids, respectively. Moreover, the mean pre-oviposition and oviposition stages in female adult bruchid were 1.50 and 5.50 days, respectively.

RATES OF FEEDING, OVIPOSITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SURVIVAL OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) ON SEVERAL WEEDS

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Smith ◽  
J.M. Hardman
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Liriomyza Trifolii ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Single Host ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glechoma Hederacea

AbstractIn free-choice trials with Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), a serious greenhouse pest, and 16 species of weeds commonly found near greenhouses in Nova Scotia, the leafminer produced feeding punctures and mines in every weed tested. There were wide variations in mean numbers of punctures per plant and larval mines per plant and less pronounced variations in the mean ratios of punctures to mines. In single-host trials, development time and survival of larval and pupal L. trifolii were determined on 10 of these weeds and on Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. White Marble. Pupal survival with all weeds was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum and larval survival was as high or higher than with chrysanthemum in 6 of the 10 weeds. Time from oviposition to adult emergence was as short as that on chrysanthemum on two weeds and shorter on six others. Only creeping Charlie, Glechoma hederacea, was an unsuitable host with no larvae developing to the pupal stage. The ability of L. trifolii to use common weeds as alternate hosts indicates that weed control in and around greenhouses should be included in any program to protect greenhouse chrysanthemums from this leafminer.

Observations on the biology of some members of the genus Tragocephala (Coleoptera, Lamiidae) associated with Theobroma cacao in West Africa

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-405
Author(s):  
P. F. Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July ◽  
Pupal Chamber

Members of the genus Tragocephala are widespread as pests of cocoa, and other tree crops, in West and also in East Africa. Those known to be associated with cocoa in West Africa are listed and observations are given on the biology of two of the more important, T. castitnia theobromae Entw. in Ghana and T. castnia cacaoensis Entw. in Nigeria, and a method of laboratory rearing and breeding is described.The egg is laid in an unhardened stem and the oviposition behaviour is complex; the stem is first girdled at a point where it is less than one centimetre in diameter and an oviposition slit excavated above the girdle. The ovipositor is inserted into this slit and the egg is concealed inside the stem; the adult finally closes the oviposition slit with her mandibles.The egg hatches after 11 days and the young larva bores upwards in the dead wood above the girdle. This phase appears obligatory and is followed by one in which the larva bores down into the living stem below the girdle. The mean larval period of T. castnia theobromae in the laboratory was 143 days (range, 70–228 days).A pupal chamber is made by severing the stem beyond about 10 cm. above the end of the gallery and filling the aperture with shreds of wood. The pupal period, in the last half of which adult coloration begins to show, is about 20 days for T. castnia theobromae and 23 days for T. castnia cacaocnsis.Laboratory evidence suggests that there is a post-pupal resting phase in the pupal chamber followed by a free-living non-feeding period; in T. castnia cacaocnsis these lasted on average 6·5 and 4·2 days, respectively, and were followed by intensive feeding on green unhardened stems. The length of life of caged adults varied greatly but the mean was 57·0 and 55·5 days for males and females, respectively, of T. castnia theobromae and 32·0 and 28·5 days for T. castnia cacaoensis. The least preoviposition period noted for T. castnia theobromae was 20 days and previously unmated males and females of this subspecies were still fertile up to at least 76 and 162 days, respectively. Mating normally initiated the bark-ringing behaviour of females and the maximum number of eggs laid by a female of T. castnia theobromae was 146. Considering only individuals that laid 25 or more eggs, an oviposition rate (number of eggs laid per day between first and last oviposition) of 0·51 was recorded for this subspecies. Host plants alternative to cocoa are listed for T. castnia theobromae and T, castnia cacaoensis.The oviposition activity of T. castnia theobromae was least in June, July, August, December and January, whilst for T. castnia cacaoensis very few eggs were laid in the main dry season (November to the following February).The eggs of T. nobilis (F.), T. castnia theobromae and T. castnia cacaoensis, and of another species in the Congo Eepublic, are attacked by the Encyrtid Aprostocetus lamiicidus Kerrich, which in Nigeria appears to undergo a larval diapause in the dry season. Whilst only 5·5 per cent, of eggs were attacked in Ghana, over 50·0 per cent, were attacked in Nigeria. There was an average of 11·7 individuals per egg and the ratio of males to females was 1:2·7.The Tachinid Billaea vanemdeni Fennah was parasitic on larvae of T. nobilis and T. castnia theobromae in Ghana, where its larval stage was in the region of 197 days and its pupal stage 23 days. Incidence of attack was highest from April to July and the two main adult emergence periods were June and September/ October.An Ichneumonid, Nadia sp., is parasitic on either larvae or pupae of T. castnia cacaoensis in Nigeria. Scolytid species incursive in wood dying after being girdled destroy many eggs in Nigeria, where geckoes and ants are thought to be responsible for loss of larvae.Tragocephala can be a locally important pest, especially of seedling cocoa and its numbers may increase considerably if unsuitable chemical control methods are used against other pests of cocoa.The bark-ringing habit in Cerambycidae is discussed.

Life Cycle of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Semi-Controlled Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepler Andrade-Herrera ◽  
Carolina Núñez-Vázquez ◽  
Erendira Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Adult Calliphoridae flies, as well as their immature stages collected from carcasses, have been used as evidence in forensic investigations to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly those of the genus Chrysomya as it is one of the first genera to colonize a corpse. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart 1842), due to its appearance in cadaveric remains, plays a fundamental role in the study of forensic entomology. For this reason, we determined the biological cycle of C. rufifacies under semicontrolled laboratory conditions: uncontrolled average fluctuating temperature of 29. 76 ± 3. 22°C, uncontrolled average fluctuating humidity of 48. 91 ± 11.13%, and a controlled photoperiod of 12/12 (L/O). We established that the total development time from oviposition to adult emergence of C. rufifacies was 6. 5 d. The eggs took 12 h to hatch after oviposition. The complete larval stage took 60 h (instar 1 = 12 h, instar 2 = 12 h, instar 3 = 24 h, instar 3 post-feeding = 12 h). The pupa had a duration of 84 h. The species needed a total of 4642.8(±4.59) accumulated degree-hours (ADH) to complete its biological cycle.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

scholarly journals Trends in incidence rate, health care use, and costs due to rib fractures in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonne T. H. Prins ◽  
Mathieu M. E. Wijffels ◽  
Sophie M. Wooldrik ◽  
Martien J. M. Panneman ◽  
Michael H. J. Verhofstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Work Absence ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine population-based trends in the incidence rate, health care consumption, and work absence with associated costs in patients with rib fractures. Methods A retrospective nationwide epidemiologic study was performed with data from patients with one or more rib fractures presented or admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 and have been registered in the Dutch Injury Surveillance System (DISS) or the Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR). Incidence rates were calculated using data from Statistics Netherlands. The associated direct health care costs, costs for lost productivity, and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using data from a questionnaire. Results In the 4-year study period, a total of 32,124 patients were registered of which 19,885 (61.9%) required hospitalization with a mean duration of 7.7 days. The incidence rate for the total cohort was 47.1 per 100,000 person years and increased with age. The mean associated direct health care costs were €6785 per patient and showed a sharp increase after the age of 75 years. The mean duration of work absence was 44.2 days with associated mean indirect costs for lost productivity of €22,886 per patient. The mean YLD was 0.35 years and decreased with age. Conclusion Rib fractures are common and associated with lengthy HLOS and work absenteeism as well as high direct and indirect costs which appear to be similar between patients with one or multiple rib fractures and mostly affected by admitted patients and age.

scholarly journals Serum C-reactive protein metabolite (CRPM) is associated with incidence of contralateral knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen ◽  
Asger Bihlet ◽  
Inger Byrjalsen ◽  
Jeppe Ragnar Andersen ◽  
Bente Juhl Riis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Iii ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of osteoarthritis (OA) and the need to subtype patients is widely accepted in the field. The biomarker CRPM, a metabolite of C-reactive protein (CRP), is released to the circulation during inflammation. Blood CRPM levels have shown to be associated with disease activity and response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the level of blood CRPM in OA compared to RA using data from two phase III knee OA and two RA studies (N = 1591). Moreover, the association between CRPM levels and radiographic progression was investigated. The mean CRPM levels were significantly lower in OA (8.5 [95% CI 8.3–8.8] ng/mL, n = 781) compared to the RA patients (12.8 [9.5–16.0] ng/mL, n = 60); however, a significant subset of OA patients (31%) had CRPM levels (≥ 9 ng/mL) comparable to RA. Furthermore, OA patients (n = 152) with CRPM levels ≥ 9 ng/mL were more likely to develop contra-lateral knee OA assessed by X-ray over a two-year follow-up period with an odds ratio of 2.2 [1.0–4.7]. These data suggest that CRPM is a blood-based biochemical marker for early identification OA patients with an inflammatory phenotype.

POSTPARTUM AMENORRHOEA IN RURAL EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
K. N. S. YADAVA ◽  
S. K. JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Current Status Data ◽  
North India ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

This paper calculates the mean duration of the postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA) and examines its demographic, and socioeconomic correlates in rural north India, using data collected through 'retrospective' (last but one child) as well as 'current status' (last child) reporting of the duration of PPA.The mean duration of PPA was higher in the current status than in the retrospective data;n the difference being statistically significant. However, for the same mothers who gave PPA information in both the data sets, the difference in mean duration of PPA was not statistically significant. The correlates were identical in both the data sets. The current status data were more complete in terms of the coverage, and perhaps less distorted by reporting errors caused by recall lapse.A positive relationship of the mean duration of PPA was found with longer breast-feeding, higher parity and age of mother at the birth of the child, and the survival status of the child. An inverse relationship was found with higher education of a woman, higher education of her husband and higher socioeconomic status of her household, these variables possibly acting as proxies for women's better nutritional status.

scholarly journals Sacubitril/valsartan reduces atrial fibrillation and supraventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF and remote monitoring: preliminary data from the SAVE THE RHYTHM

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Guerra ◽  
L Pimpini ◽  
M Flori ◽  
D Contadini ◽  
G Stronati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Sacubitril/valsartan, the first combined angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has demonstrated a significant benefit compared to angiotensin inhibitor in decreasing ventricular arrhythmias and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). At present, there is no study which evaluates the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the supraventricular arrhythmic burden in HFrEF patients with an ICD or cardiac resynchronisation therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) and remote monitoring. Purpose To evaluate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the supraventricular arrhythmic burden in HFrEF patients with an ICD or CRTD and remote monitoring. Methods The SAVETHERHYTHM ((SAacubitril Valsartan rEal-world registry evaluating THE arRHYTHMia burden in HFrEF patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator) is a multicentre, observational, prospective registry enrolling all patients with HFrEF, ICD or CRT-D actively followed through remote monitoring and starting treatment with sacubitril/valsartan. All patients are followed-up for at least one year after sacubitril/valsartan start. The primary endpoint is the mean number of sustained atrial tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes per month. Secondary endpoints include the total burden of AT/AF (defined as the percentage of time in AT/AF per day), the mean number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) per hour and the percentage of biventricular pacing per day (in patients with CRT-D). All primary and secondary endpoints are collected through remote monitoring. Results At the time of the first ad interim analysis, 60 patients (85.2% male, age 69±10 years) were consecutively enrolled. After treatment with sacubitril/valsartan, patients with at least one episode of AT/AF per month decreased from 32.8% to 21.3% (p=0.015). A significant decrease in number of AT/AF episodes (from 4.3 to 1.2 per year), in AT/AF burden (from 12% to 9%) and in number of PVC (from 83 to 74 per hour) were seen in patients with a previous diagnosis of paroxysmal or persistent AF (n=15; all p<0.05). Patients with permanent AF (n=7) experienced no benefits from sacubitril/valsartan therapy in terms of arrhythmic burden reduction. Patients with no previous history of AF (n=38) showed a decrease in number of AT/AF episodes (from 2.0 to 0.8 per year) and in number of PVC (from 77 to 49 per hour, all p<0.05). No new diagnosis of clinical AF was made after starting treatment with sacubitrl/valsartan, and patients with subclinical AT/AF episodes decreased from 8% to 3%. Conclusions Preliminary data suggest that therapy with sacubitril/valsartan could decrease arrhythmic burden in patients with non-permanent AF and reduce subclinical AT/AF episodes in patients with no history of AF. No positive effect has been noted in patients with permanent AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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