scholarly journals The Association Between COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality with Socioeconomic Development - A Global Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Torkian ◽  
Samira Kazemi ◽  
Marzieh Eslahi ◽  
Elham Khatooni ◽  
Reza Etesami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background: There is some evidence about the role of human development in the incidence and mortality of some diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between COVID-19 incidence and mortality with development indexes in different regions of the world.Methods: This ecological study was conducted on data from January 11 to August 23, 2020. The development indexes included were Human development index (HDI), Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI), the Gini Coefficient, Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII) and their components. The development indexes was obtained from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). COVID-19 cases and mortality data of the countries involved in the pandemic were obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Data was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficients and negative binomial regression through SPSS26. Results: The highest and lowest incidence and mortality rates were in the AMRO and WPRO regions, respectively. The development indexes had no a significant linear correlation with COVID-19 incidence and mortality except in WPRO, where there was direct significant correlation between life expectancy at birth and inequality adjusted life expectancy with COVID-19 incidence and mortality (P<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggests limited evidence that countries level of development may directly influence morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. However, with regard to the ecological nature of this study, the reason for this association is difficult to determine.

scholarly journals The incidence and mortality of lip and oral cavity cancer and its relationship to the 2012 Human Development Index of Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Tiyuri ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani ◽  
Elham Iziy ◽  
Hamidreza Sadeghi Gandomani ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Oral Cavity Cancer ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Introduction: Lip and oral cavity cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Asia and considered to be a major public health problem due to the low survival rate. Because of the importance of access to information about this cancer (including incidence, mortality rate and relation to socioeconomic indicators), this study aims at investigating the incidence and mortality of lip and oral cavity cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) of Asia (from 2012). Method: This study was an ecological study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with the HDI and its components which include: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Data on the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project and data on the HDI and its components were extracted from the World bank site.  We used a bivariate method for assessment of the correlation between the SIR and SMR with the HDI and its individual components. Statistical significance was assumed if P<0.05. All reported P-values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: A total incidence of 162,506 cases and 95,005 deaths were recorded in Asian countries in 2012. Countries with the highest SIR (per 100,000) were the following: Maldives (11), Sri Lanka (10.3), Pakistan (9.8), Bangladesh (9.4), and India (7.2). The highest SMR was observed in the following countries: Pakistan (5.9), Bangladesh (5.6), Afghanistan (5.1), India (4.9), and Maldives (4.1). The correlation between SIR of lip and oral cavity cancer and HDI was -0.378 (p=0.010), with life expectancy at birth at -0.324 (p=0.028), mean years of schooling at -0.283 (p=0.057), and level of income per each person of the population at -0.279 (p=0.060). Moreover, the correlation was -0.664 (p≤0.001) between SMR and HDI. Conclusion: A significant reverse correlation was seen between the incidence and mortality rate of lip and oral cavity cancer and the HDI in Asia. The incidence and mortality of this type of cancer was high in developing or less developed countries.   

scholarly journals Improving Human Development Index (HDI) by Illiteracy Eradication (Case Study in Cibadak Village)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Indri Arrafi Juliannisa ◽  
Tri Siswantini
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

To measure the quality of human capital, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) introduced the concept of human resource capital quality, named the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is based on three dimensions i.e.: life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, mean years of schooling, and purchasing power parity. In this study raised the issue of the high illiteracy rate in Cibadak, Banten Province and the low expectation for old school. The situation will certainly be a barrier to the development process and economic growth through the human development index. The results showed that factors that could cause low educational status and illiteracy were grouped by researchers in research indicator variables, namely education, family, external environment, and information factors. The local government must pay more attention to this situation, because human resources are the driving wheel of the economy. The people really need care like reading and writing training assistance from the local government.

scholarly journals Disparities in incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in the world

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 1986-1999
Author(s):  
Yousef Khani ◽  
Masoumeh Arabsalmani ◽  
Reza Pakzad ◽  
Mahshid Ghoncheh ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is as the twelfth most frequent cancer and the seventh most important cause of mortality by reason of cancer in the world. Being informed about the incidence and mortality of this cancer and the potential role of development is useful in health policy. The aim of this research is investigating disparities in the incidence and mortality of PC in the world countries in the year 2012. Methods: This study was an ecologic study in the World for assessing the correlation between Human Development Index (HDI) and its details (Gross national income (GNI) per capita, average years of schooling and life expectancy at birth) with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of PC. Results: In total, 337872 new cases of PC occurred in 2012 around the world , that 178116 and 159711 cases take happen in men and women respectively, also at the same year 330391 deaths of PC occurred ,that 173,827 and 156564 cases were in men and women. In assessment the relationship between HDI and ASIR and ASMR of PC there is significant positive correlation equal to 0.767 (p <0.001) between HDI and ASIR of PC, and a significant positive correlation equal to 0.776 (p <0.001) between HDI and ASMR of PC. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality of PC has a significant positive correlation with the Human Development Index.  

scholarly journals MODERN SYSTEMS OF MONITORING THE HUMAN CAPITAL ASSESSMENT LEVEL IN THE HIGH-TECH SECTOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Alexey SHINKEVICH ◽  
◽  
Regina YAKUNINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Development Program ◽  
High Tech ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Final Formula ◽  
Method Of Assessment

The article examines and describes the main systems of monitoring the human capital level, under which we represent the leading international organizations (United Nations Development Program, World Bank Analytical Group, World Economic Forum Research Group). The article presents a view on the problems of assessing the level of human capital using the index method of assessment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the systems for monitoring the level of human capital and modernize the index method for assessing the level of human capital, calculated annually by UNDP. As part of the human development index, two new components are proposed that more fully assess the state of the income index — the unemployment index and the wage index. The reason for the change in the calculation method is substantiated, and the final formula for calculating the human development index is derived.

scholarly journals Variations in the Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer and Their Relationship with the Human Development Index in European Countries in 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadian ◽  
Mahin Ghafari ◽  
Bahman Khosravi ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Mohammad Aryaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has high incidence and mortality rates among the reproductive system cancers. This study investigated the relationship between the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of OC and Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012. Methods: This ecological study assessed the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components including life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components. All reported P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: The maximum ASIR of OC was observed in Latvia, Bulgaria, and Poland. The highest ASMR of OC was observed in Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The incidence and mortality rates of OC are expected to increase between 2012 and 2035. This increase will be more pronounced in women ≥ 65 years. HDI had a weak negative correlation with the ASIR of OC (r=- 0.213; P=0.186) and a weak positive correlation with the ASMR of OC (r=0.072; P=0.659). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health policy makers must make appropriate decisions to deal with the increasing morbidity and mortality of OC, especially in women over 65 years of age, in regions with lower access to prevention and treatment services.

scholarly journals Global Incidence and Mortality Rates of Stomach Cancer and the Human Development Index: an Ecological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Shahab Rezaeian ◽  
Mokhtar Soheylizad ◽  
Somayeh Khazaei ◽  
Azam Biderafsh
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals An Alternative Human Development Index Considering Unemployment

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Taner ◽  
Bülent Sezen ◽  
Hakan Mıhcı
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Nations Development

An Alternative Human Development Index Considering UnemploymentThe Human Development Index (HDI) has played an influential role in the debate on human development (HD) for many years. However, no index is perfect and neither is the HDI of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This paper aims to construct a new composite index for the development performance of a sample of 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries by adding a fourth indicator, namely the unemployment index, to the calculation of HDI. The addition of the unemployment factor to the HDI as a new indicator has the potential to make the index more comprehensive and present a suitable approach for assessing the development performance of countries.

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