scholarly journals Global Warming Signals in Brazil and its Macro-Regions - Trend Analysis of Distributional Characteristics Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica de Lima da Vida Pellenz ◽  
Leonardo Bornacki de Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dispersion Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The aim of this research is to study global warming signals across Brazil. This investigation uses approximately 60 years of daily temperature data set and applies a recent trend test proposed by Rivas and Gonzalo (2020) which analyses not only the average but also different distributional characteristics. Besides, the test provides robust results for both I(0) and I(1) processes. We found significant trends in almost all characteristics in the analysis of the whole country. The mean and the maximum are increasing over time and the dispersion measures indicate decreasing trends. For the region analysis, we found out that, apart from the South, which does not appear to be drastically affected by global warming, the other regions present clear signs of global warming.

scholarly journals Estimation of the mean normal measure from flat sections

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Markus Kiderlen
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consistent Estimator ◽  
Random Set ◽  
Normal Measure ◽  
Mild Assumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vertical Sections ◽  
Almost All

We discuss the determination of the mean normal measure of a stationary random set Z ⊂ ℝ d by taking measurements at the intersections of Z with k-dimensional planes. We show that mean normal measures of sections with vertical planes determine the mean normal measure of Z if k ≥ 3 or if k = 2 and an additional mild assumption holds. The mean normal measures of finitely many flat sections are not sufficient for this purpose. On the other hand, a discrete mean normal measure can be verified (i.e. an a priori guess can be confirmed or discarded) using mean normal measures of intersections with m suitably chosen planes when m ≥ ⌊d / k⌋ + 1. This even holds for almost all m-tuples of k-dimensional planes are viable for verification. A consistent estimator for the mean normal measure of Z, based on stereological measurements in vertical sections, is also presented.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of cultivated and wild-type peanuts evaluated with M13-tailed SSR markers and sequencing

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOELLE A. BARKLEY ◽  
ROB E. DEAN ◽  
ROY N. PITTMAN ◽  
MING L. WANG ◽  
CORLEY C. HOLBROOK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Genomic Ssr ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThirty-one genomic SSR markers with a M13 tail attached were used to assess the genetic diversity of the peanut mini core collection. The M13-tailed method was effective in discriminating almost all the cultivated and wild accessions. A total of 477 alleles were detected with an average of 15·4 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) score was 0·687. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) mini core produced a total of 312 alleles with an average of 10·1 alleles per locus. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed to determine the interspecific and intraspecific relationships in this data set. Almost all the peanut accessions in this data set classified into subspecies and botanical varieties such as subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea, subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata, and subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris clustered with other accessions with the same classification, which lends further support to their current taxonomy. Alleles were sequenced from one of the SSR markers used in this study, which demonstrated that the repeat motif is conserved when transferring the marker across species borders. This study allowed the examination of the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the peanut mini core which has not been previously reported.

scholarly journals Crystal structure and solvent-dependent behaviours of 3-amino-1,6-diethyl-2,5,7-trimethyl-4,4-diphenyl-3a,4a-diaza-4-bora-s-indacene

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Lijing Yang ◽  
Brett Drew ◽  
Ravi Shekar Yalagala ◽  
Rameez Chaviwala ◽  
Razvan Simionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

In the title compound (3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-BODIPY), C28H32BN3, the central six-membered ring has a flattened sofa conformation, with one of the N atoms deviating by 0.142 (4) Å from the mean plane of the other five atoms, which have an r.m.s. deviation of 0.015 Å. The dihedral angle between the two essentially planar outer five-membered rings is 8.0 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaweak N—H...π interactions, forming chains along [010]. The compound displays solvent-dependent behaviours in both NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the1H NMR spectra, the aliphatic resonance signals virtually coalesce in solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane and dibromoethane; however, they are fully resolved in solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and toluene. The excitation and fluorescence intensities in chloroform decreased significantly over time, while in DMSO the decrease is not so profound. In toluene, the excitation and fluorescent intensities are not time-dependent. This behaviour is presumably attributed to the assembly of 3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-BODIPY in solution that leads to the formation of noncovalent structures, while in polar or aromatic solvents, the formation of these assemblies is disrupted, leading to resolution of signals in the NMR spectra.

scholarly journals Mesospheric temperatures from observations of the hydroxyl (6–2) emission above Davis, Antarctica: A comparison of rotational and Doppler measurements

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Innis ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
G. B. Burns ◽  
P. A. Greet ◽  
W. J. R. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Austral Winter ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Observational Errors ◽  
Line Widths

Abstract. We present observations of the hydroxyl (6–2) airglow lines from ~ 87 km altitude obtained at Davis station, Antarctica, in the austral winter of 1999. Nine nights of observations were made of the P-branch near λ840 nm with a Czerny-Turner scanning spectrometer (CTS); at the same time, high-resolution Fabry-Perot Spectrometer (FPS) spectra were collected of the Q1(1) doublet at λ834 nm. Rotational temperatures were determined from the CTS observations, while Doppler temperatures were derived from the line-widths of the FPS Q1(1) spectra. Absolute temperatures determined by these methods are uncertain by ~ 2 and ~ 20 K, respectively. For the comparison we set the value of the reflective finesse of the FPS at λ834 nm so the mean FPS temperature from one night of simultaneous data was equal to that from the CTS, and then looked at the measured variations in each data set for the other eight nights. Both instruments show the upper mesosphere temperature to vary in a similar manner to within the observational errors of the measurements, implying an equivalence of the rotational and Doppler temperatures. We believe that this is the first published simultaneous, same-site, comparison of rotational and Doppler temperatures from the OH emission. Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora; pressure density and temperature; instruments and techniques)

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA MAHASISWA BERBASIS KONSEP DALAM PERKULIAHAN ANALISIS VEKTOR PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Puguh Wahyu Prasetyo ◽  
Fariz Setyawan ◽  
Sumargiyani Sumargiyani
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vector Analysis ◽  
Education Department ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teacher Traning ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
The Given

Vector analysis is one of the cource listed in the curriculum of the Mathematics Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Traning, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. One of the factors which cause any difficulties and problems in learning Vector Analysis is the student literature used by almost all of the students. That student literature explained a ressume of materials in a brief way completed with many practises., that’s why, the student literature seems too mechanistics. Many student can not use it by theirselves, they need guidances to read that book. In order to solve that problem, teacher designed a student worksheet which is used by the students of the Vector Analysis course when the class is runing. The design of the student worksheet is a concept-based designed. The students can investigate some formulas during the learning of Vector Analysis by theirselves. On the other hand, students can solve some practises contained in the student worksheet easier since the practises is completed with the intructions step by step. During the cource of Vector Analysis, the given student worksheet has a positive response from the student based on the quetionnaire taken from the students. Around 69,2% of the students give their positive response to the student worksheet. The mean of the students score also increased from 60,3 to 80,1. This shows that using the student worksheet in Vector Analysis cource was very useful. 

scholarly journals Changes in tonsillolith characteristics detected in a follow-up CT study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouhei Yamashita ◽  
Masafumi Oda ◽  
Tatsurou Tanaka ◽  
Ikuko Nishida ◽  
Nao Wakasugi-Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Regions ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Dynamic Fluctuation

Abstract Background Tonsilloliths are related clinically to halitosis and tonsillar abscess. However, the dynamics of tonsilloliths over time are unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate change in the characteristics of tonsilloliths in a time-dependent fashion by follow-up computed tomography (CT). Methods Tonsilloliths were analyzed in 326 CT scan pair sets of initial and at least two follow-up CT examinations of patients with whole palatine tonsils and various diseases of the oral and maxillofacial regions. Results Over the follow-up period, 12.1% of tonsilloliths disappeared. Approximately 26.1% of tonsilloliths changed in size during follow-up, mostly increasing in size. In tonsilloliths that showed enlargement, the mean (± standard deviation) growth rate was 0.61 ± 0.41 mm per year. Approximately 37.3% of tonsilloliths changed position during the follow-up period; of these, movement was toward the respiratory tract in 92% at a mean rate of − 1.38 ± 1.59 mm per year. The calcification levels of almost all tonsilloliths showed dynamic change: HU number increased in 84.3% and decreased in 12.7% of tonsilloliths over the follow-up period. The mean rate of HU increase was 63.8 ± 96.3 HU/year, and the mean rate of HU decrease was − 38.4 ± 66.8 HU/year. Conclusions The calcification levels of all tonsilloliths showed dynamic fluctuation, and a tendency for excretion of tonsilloliths from the body. Their dynamics over time suggest that tonsilloliths may be in a permanently active phase which functions to remove foreign matter.

scholarly journals Digital Forms in Healthcare: Comparing the Usability of Single-Page, Multi-Page and Conversational Forms (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleeha Iftikhar ◽  
Raymond R. Bond ◽  
Victoria McGilligan ◽  
Stephen J. Leslie ◽  
Khaled Rjoob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Design ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Task Completion Time ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Usability Metrics ◽  
Almost All

BACKGROUND Even in the era of digital technology, a number of hospitals still rely on paper-based forms for data entry for patient admission, triage, drug prescriptions, and procedures. Paper-based forms can be efficient to complete but often at the expense of data quality, completeness, sustainability, and automated data analytics to name but a few limitations. As an additional benefit, digital forms could also assist with decision making when deciding on the appropriate response to certain data inputs (e.g. when classifying symptoms, etc.). OBJECTIVE Objective: Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical best practices and guidelines for the interaction design of digital health forms. In this study, we assess the usability of three different interactive forms, namely 1) a single page digital form (where all data input is required on one web page), 2) a multi-page digital form and 3) a conversational digital form (a chatbot). METHODS Methods: These three digital forms were developed as candidates to replace a current paper-based form that is used to record patient referrals to an interventional cardiology department (Cath-Lab) at Altnagelvin Hospital. We recorded three different usability metrics from data collected in a counterbalanced usability test (60 usability tests: 20 subjects x 3 form usability tests). RESULTS Results: The usability metrics includes the SUS questionnaire, UEQ, and a final customised questionnaire. We found that the single-page form outperformed the other two digital form techniques in almost all of the metrics. The mean SUS score for the single page form was 76±15.8 (p<0.05) and achieved the least task completion time compared to the other two digital form styles. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: In conclusion, the digital single page form outperformed the other two forms in almost all the usability metrics. The mean SUS score for the single page was 76±15 with the least task completion time compared to other two digital forms. Moreover, upon answering the open-ended question, the single-page form was the preferred choice. However, this preference might change over time as multi-page and conversational forms become more common.

scholarly journals Population size and the length of the chromosome blocks identical by descent over generations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Tiret ◽  
Frederic Hospital
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Population Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Identical By Descent ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

In all populations, as the time runs, crossovers break apart ancestor haplotypes, forming smaller blocks at each generation. Some blocks, and eventually all of them, become identical by descent because of the genetic drift. We have in this paper developed and benchmarked a theoretical prediction of the mean length of such blocks and used it to study a simple population model assuming panmixia, no selfing and drift as the only evolutionary pressure. Besides, we have on the one hand derived, for any user defined error threshold, the range of the parameters this prediction is reliable for, and on the other hand shown that the mean length remains constant over time in ideally large populations.

Atmospheric Structure and the Earth's Boundary Layer

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Structure ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Over Time

The earth's atmosphere is divided into four layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere (figure 4.1). These layers are defined by alternating decreases and increases in air temperature with height. The boundaries between the layers are called the tropopause, stratopause, and mesopause. The troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, supports life on the planet and is the layer in which “weather” occurs. It extends about 7 mi (11 km) above sea level and is characterized by a mean temperature decrease with height (—ΔT/ Δz) of about 3.5°F per 1000 ft, or 6.5°C per km. This decrease explains the lower temperatures encountered at higher elevations in the mountains. Although the mean temperature decreases with height in the troposphere, the atmospheric structure, particularly at the base of the troposphere, varies significantly over time as the earth warms during the day and cools at night, as the seasons change, and as weather systems move through the atmosphere. The vertical structure of the atmosphere is characterized by an exponential decrease in air density and pressure with height. Air density is the mass per unit volume of the atmosphere as expressed, for example, in kilograms per cubic meter or pounds per cubic foot. Air pressure is the force exerted on a unit area by the weight of the air molecules above the measurement point as expressed, for example, in millibars or pounds per square inch. Air pressure at any given level is thus a measurement of the weight of a column of air above that level. Although there is no "edge" to the earth's atmosphere, approximately 99.9% of the air molecules (and therefore the weight of the atmosphere) are found below 31 mi (50 km). Temperature, density, and pressure are interrelated, so that a change in one will result in changes in the other two. The mathematical description of this relationship is called the gas law (appendix A). The gas law allows any one of these variables to be calculated if values for the other two variables are known.

Multivariate analysis of the hybrid Phoxinus eos × Phoxinus neogaeus (Pisces: Cyprinidae): reevaluation of univariate analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637-1641
Author(s):  
Gerard R. Joswiak ◽  
John G. New
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean

Morphological data from two species of minnows, Phoxinus eos and Phoxinus neogaeus, and their hybrids (Pisces: Cyprinidae), previously analyzed by univariate methods, were reanalyzed by multivariate methods. Stepwise discriminant and principal component analyses were conducted on a data set of 14 morphometric measurements from 172 specimens. All of the Phoxinus neogaeus and 87% of both hybrids and Phoxinus eos were correctly classified on functions derived from six discriminating variables. Principal component analysis resulted in the extraction of two factors that explained 90% of the variation in the data set. Mean scores on the first factor were significantly different for P. eos, while on the second factor the mean score for P. neogaeus differed from those of the other two groups. Possible causes of variation in the morphology in the Phoxinus hybrids, from diploidy, tripoloidy, and mosaicism, are discussed.

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