scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics Reveals Differential Mechanism of Root Cold-resistance between Vitis. Riparia × V. Labrusca and Cabernet Sauvignon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-jin Chen ◽  
Hong-yan Su ◽  
Hua Xing ◽  
De-long Yang ◽  
Juan Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Differential Mechanism ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Grapevines, containing large amounts of bioactive metabolites that offer health benefits, are widely cultivated around the world. The cold damage of growing outside with extreme low temperature during overwintering stage limits the expansion of production. Although the levels of morphological, biochemical and molecular in different Vitis species exposure to different temperatures have been investigated, differential expression of proteins in roots is still limited. Here, the roots of cold-resistant (Vitis. riparia × V. labrusca, T1) and cold-sensitive varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, T3) at −4°C as well as of the former at −15°C (T2) were measured by iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, expression levels of genes encoding candidate proteins were validated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the root activity of cold-resistant variety was stronger than that of cold-sensitive variety, and it declined with the decrease of temperature. A total of 25 proteins were differentially co-expressed at T2 versus (vs) T1 and T1 vs T3, and these proteins were involved in stress response (e.g. DHN1, SHSPCP and USPCP), bio-signaling (e.g. PKCP, S/TPP and nsS/TP), metabolism (e.g. GluP, GluBE and PE), energy (e.g. AAC, AAACP and NADCP), and translation (e.g. rpL14, rpS21 and PPI). The relative expression levels of the candidate 13 genes were consistent with their fold-change values of proteins. The signature translation pattern for the roots at spatio-temporal treatments of varieties and temperatures provides insight into the differential mechanism of cold resistance of grapevines.

Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Li ◽  
Degang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background: Late blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms.Results: A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. These genes included late blight response genes encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, the expression levels of the late blight response genes were not up-regulated in the Qingshu 9 scion, but the expression levels of the genes related to proline metabolism, fatty acid chain elongation, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated. Resistance results showed that self-grafting of the susceptible variety and grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock increased the resistance of the susceptible scion to late blight. However, the resistance was stronger after grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock. Using the susceptible variety as the rootstock decreased the late blight resistance of the resistant scion.Conclusions: Our results showed that changes to the expression of disease resistance genes in the scion after grafting are associated with late blight resistance. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.

scholarly journals Catabolism of l-rhamnose in A. nidulans proceeds via the non-phosphorylated pathway and is glucose repressed by a CreA-independent mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. MacCabe ◽  
Elpinickie I. Ninou ◽  
Ester Pardo ◽  
Margarita Orejas
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Specific Uptake

Abstract l-rhamnose (6-deoxy-mannose) occurs in nature mainly as a component of certain plant structural polysaccharides and bioactive metabolites but has also been found in some microorganisms and animals. The release of l-rhamnose from these substrates is catalysed by extracellular enzymes including α-l-rhamnosidases, the production of which is induced in its presence. The free sugar enters cells via specific uptake systems where it can be metabolized. Of two l-rhamnose catabolic pathways currently known in microorganisms a non-phosphorylated pathway has been identified in fungi and some bacteria but little is known of the regulatory mechanisms governing it in fungi. In this study two genes (lraA and lraB) are predicted to be involved in the catabolism of l-rhamnose, along with lraC, in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Transcription of all three is co-regulated with that of the genes encoding α-l-rhamnosidases, i.e. induction mediated by the l-rhamnose-responsive transcription factor RhaR and repression of induction in the presence of glucose via a CreA-independent mechanism. The participation of lraA/AN4186 (encoding l-rhamnose dehydrogenase) in l-rhamnose catabolism was revealed by the phenotypes of knock-out mutants and their complemented strains. lraA deletion negatively affects both growth on l-rhamnose and the synthesis of α-l-rhamnosidases, indicating not only the indispensability of this pathway for l-rhamnose utilization but also that a metabolite derived from this sugar is the true physiological inducer.

scholarly journals Differences in Gene Expression Profiles of Seven Target Proteins in Third-Stage Larvae of Anisakis simplex (Sensu Stricto) by Sites of Infection in Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialetizia Palomba ◽  
Paolo Cipriani ◽  
Lucilla Giulietti ◽  
Arne Levsen ◽  
Giuseppe Nascetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Target Proteins ◽  
Blue Whiting ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

The third-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode genus Anisakis tend to encapsulate in different tissues including the musculature of fish. Host tissue penetration and degradation involve both mechanic processes and the production of proteins encoded by an array of genes. Investigating larval gene profiles during the fish infection has relevance in understanding biological traits in the parasite’s adaptive ability to cope with the fish hosts’ defense responses. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expression levels of some proteins in L3 of A. simplex (s.s.) infecting different tissues of blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, a common fish host of the parasite in the NE Atlantic. The following genes encoding for Anisakis spp. proteins were studied: Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor (TI), hemoglobin (hb), glycoprotein (GP), trehalase (treh), zinc metallopeptidase 13 (nas 13), ubiquitin-protein ligase (hyd) and sideroflexin 2 (sfxn 2). Significant differences in gene transcripts (by quantitative real-time PCR, qPCR) were observed in larvae located in various tissues of the fish host, with respect to the control. ANOVA analysis showed that relative gene expression levels of the seven target genes in the larvae are linked to the infection site in the fish host. Genes encoding some of the target proteins seem to be involved in the host tissue migration and survival of the parasite in the hostile target tissues of the fish host.

scholarly journals The bHLH transcription factor BIS1 controls the iridoid branch of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. 8130-8135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Van Moerkercke ◽  
Priscille Steensma ◽  
Fabian Schweizer ◽  
Jacob Pollier ◽  
Ivo Gariboldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Madagascar Periwinkle ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid

Plants make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers. The conserved control mechanisms are based on transcriptional activation of the respective plant species-specific biosynthetic pathways by the phytohormone jasmonate. Knowledge of the transcription factors involved, particularly in terpenoid biosynthesis, remains fragmentary. By transcriptome analysis and functional screens in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), the unique source of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA)-type anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine, we identified a jasmonate-regulated basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor from clade IVa inducing the monoterpenoid branch of the MIA pathway. The bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1) transcription factor transactivated the expression of all of the genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the sequential conversion of the ubiquitous terpenoid precursor geranyl diphosphate to the iridoid loganic acid. BIS1 acted in a complementary manner to the previously characterized ethylene response factor Octadecanoid derivative-Responsive Catharanthus APETALA2-domain 3 (ORCA3) that transactivates the expression of several genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing the conversion of loganic acid to the downstream MIAs. In contrast to ORCA3, overexpression of BIS1 was sufficient to boost production of high-value iridoids and MIAs in C. roseus suspension cell cultures. Hence, BIS1 might be a metabolic engineering tool to produce sustainably high-value MIAs in C. roseus plants or cultures.

Assessment of an empirical spatio-temporal model of the grapevine phenology at the within-field scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
N. Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
C. Acevedo-Opazo ◽  
H. Valdés-Gómez ◽  
I. García de Cortázar-Atauri ◽  
B. Tisseyre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Model ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Spatial Component ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The aim of this work is to calibrate and validate an empirical approach to predict the date of occurrence of the grapevine phenology (budburst, flowering and veraison) temporally and spatially at the within-field scale. It is based on the collaboration between a classical model of phenology based on climate data and a spatial model calibrated with ancillary data of phenology observations. This approach was tested and validated on a field of cv Cabernet Sauvignon. Results showed that the spatial component improved the fit of the climatic model, allowing the generation of maps of the grapevine phenology with errors lower than 5 days of prediction. Spatio-temporal model errors were mainly associated with the temporal component of the model.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Enhances Up-Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3-Infected in vitro Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1606-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Hua Cui ◽  
Wen-Lu Bi ◽  
Xin-Yi Hao ◽  
Peng-Min Li ◽  
Ying Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

Reddish-purple coloration on the leaf blades and downward rolling of leaf margins are typical symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) in red-fruited grapevine cultivars. These typical symptoms are attributed to the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanins synthesis, and the accumulation of flavonoids in diseased leaves. Drought has been proven to accelerate development of GLD symptoms in virus-infected leaves of grapevine. However, it is not known how drought affects GLD expression nor how anthocyanin biosynthesis in virus-infected leaves is altered. The present study used HPLC to determine the types and levels of anthocyanins, and applied reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanin synthesis. Plantlets of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3)-infected Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were grown in vitro under PEG-induced drought stress. HPLC found no anthocyanin-related peaks in the healthy plantlets with or without PEG-induced stress, while 11 peaks were detected in the infected plantlets with or without PEG-induced drought stress, but the peaks were significantly higher in infected drought-stressed plantlets. Increased accumulation of total anthocyanin compounds was related to the development of GLD symptoms in the infected plantlets under PEG stress. The highest level of up-regulated gene expression was found in GLRaV-3-infected leaves with PEG-induced drought stress. Analyses of variance and correlation of anthocyanin accumulation with related gene expression levels found that GLRaV-3-infection was the key factor in increased anthocyanin accumulation. This accumulation involved the up-regulation of two key genes, MYBA1 and UFGT, and their expression levels were further enhanced by drought stress.

scholarly journals Leptin Receptor Mediates Bmal1 Regulation of Estrogen Synthesis in Granulosa Cells

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu ◽  
Ma ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Estrogen Synthesis ◽  
E Box ◽  
Genes Encoding

Chronobiology affects female fertility in mammals. Lepr is required for leptin regulation of female reproduction. The presence of E-box elements in the Lepr promoter that are recognized and bound by clock genes to initiate gene transcription suggested that circadian systems might regulate fertility through Lepr. However, it is unclear whether Bmal1, a key oscillator controlling other clock genes, is involved in leptin regulation in hormone synthesis through Lepr. In this study, serum estradiol (E2) concentration and the expressions of Bmal1, Lepr, Cyp19a1, and Cyp11a1 genes were found to display well-synchronized circadian rhythms. Knockdown of Bmal1 significantly reduced expression levels of Lepr, Fshr, and Cyp19a1 genes; protein production of Bmal1, Lepr, and Cyp19a1; and the E2 concentration in granulosa cells. Knockdown of Lepr reduced the expression levels of Cyp19a1 and Cyp11a1 genes and Cyp19a1 protein, and also reduced E2 concentration. Addition of leptin affected the expression of Cyp19a1, Cyp11a1, and Fshr genes. Bmal1 deficiency counteracted leptin-stimulated upregulation of the genes encoding E2 synthesis in granulosa cells. These results demonstrated that Bmal1 participates in the process by which leptin acts on Lepr to regulate E2 synthesis.

scholarly journals Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins Responsive to α-pinene in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanli Meng ◽  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Zhenkai Liu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yuqian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Genes Encoding

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a nematode species that has damaged pine trees worldwide, but its pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. α-pinene helps protect host species during the early B. xylophilus infection and colonization stages. In this study, we identified potential molecular mimicry proteins based on a comparative transcriptomic analysis of B. xylophilus. The expression levels of three genes encoding secreted B. xylophilus proteins were influenced by α-pinene. We cloned one gene encoding a thaumatin-like protein, Bx-tlp-2 (accession number MK000287), and another gene encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, Bx-cpi (accession number MK000288). Additionally, α-pinene appeared to induce Bx-tlp-1 expression, but had the opposite effect on Bx-cpi expression. An analysis of the expression of the potential molecular mimicry proteins in B. xylophilus infecting pine trees revealed that the α-pinene content was consistent with the expression levels of Bx-tlp-1 (Bx-cpi) and Pm-tlp (Pm-cpi) over time. Thus, these genes likely have important roles contributing to the infection of pine species by B. xylophilus. The results of this study may be relevant for future investigations of the functions of Bx-tlp-1, Bx-tlp-2 and Bx-cpi, which may provide a point to explore the relationship between B. xylophilus and host pines.

scholarly journals Suppression of a defect in the 5' untranslated leader of mitochondrial COX3 mRNA by a mutation affecting an mRNA-specific translational activator protein.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4806-4813 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Costanzo ◽  
T D Fox
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Translational Activator ◽  
A Site ◽  
Dominant Suppressor

Translation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial COX3 mRNA, encoding subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase, specifically requires the action of the nuclear gene products PET54, PET122, and PET494 at a site encoded in the 612-base 5' untranslated leader. To identify more precisely the site of action of the translational activators, we constructed two large deletions of the COX3 mRNA 5' untranslated leader. Both deletions blocked translation without affecting mRNA stability. However, one of the large deletions was able to revert to partial function by a small secondary deletion within the remaining 5' leader sequences. Translation of the resulting mutant (cox3-15) mRNA was still dependent on the nuclear-encoded specific activators but was cold sensitive. We selected revertants of this mitochondrial mutant at low temperature to identify genes encoding proteins that might interact with the COX3 mRNA 5' leader. One such revertant carried a missense mutation in the PET122 gene that was a strong and dominant suppressor of the cold-sensitive defect in the mRNA, indicating that the PET122 protein interacts functionally (possibly directly) with the COX3 mRNA 5' leader. The cox3-15 mutation was not suppressed by overproduction of the wild-type PET122 protein but was very weakly suppressed by overproduction of PET494 and slightly better suppressed by co-overproduction of PET494 and PET122.

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