Torque Teno Virus in Nasopharyngeal Aspirate of Children With Respiratory Infections

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa del Rosal ◽  
María Luz García-García ◽  
Inmaculada Casas ◽  
Sonia Alcolea ◽  
María Iglesias-Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Torque Teno Virus ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Aspirate ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Torque teno virus (TTV) is responsible for persistent infections and is considered a marker of immune function. The role of TTV as a facilitator of respiratory infections(RIs) is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TTV in the nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) of hospitalized children with RIs and correlate them with outcomes and immune response. NPA was taken for testing 16 respiratory viruses by RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TTV PCR, and immunological study.Sixty hospitalized children with an RI and 3 healthy control infants were included. A total of 51/60 patients had a positive common respiratory viral (CRV) identification. A total of 24/63 (38.1%) children were TTV+ and had other CRVs in 95.8% of cases vs 74.4% in TTV- (p=0.029). TTV+ patients tended to be older, have fever, and need PICU admission more often than TTV- patients. Abnormal chest X-ray was more frequent in the TTV+ patients, OR 2.6(95% CI:1.3-5.2).The genetic expression of filaggrin (involved in epithelial barrier integrity) was lower in TTV+ patients; however, levels of filaggrin in the NPA were increased.In summary, TTV infection is common in children with RI and could be associated with pneumonia, greater severity, and alteration in filaggrin gene expression and protein release.

Tuberculosis in Children in a Pediatric Hospital in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleón González Saldaña ◽  
Mercedes Macías Parra ◽  
Hugo Juárez Olguín ◽  
José Iván Castillo Bejarano ◽  
Monica Punzo Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Culture Sensitivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Epidemiological Evaluation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Skin Test Result

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global problem and a diagnostic challenge, especially in pediatrics. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, microbiological, radiological, and histopathological data of TB in children. A 7-year retrospective and descriptive cohort study that included 127 patients under 18 years of age with diagnosis of active TB was conducted from 2011 to 2018 in a pediatric hospital. Tuberculosis was microbiologically confirmed using Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a total of 94 (74%) cases. Thirty-three cases were defined as probable TB based on tuberculin skin test result and epidemiological evaluation. The TB forms found were lymph node (39.3%), bone (15.7%), lung (13.6%), and meningeal TB (8.6%). The most common symptoms were fever (48.8%) and adenopathy (45.6%). History of contact was established in 34.6%. Positive ZN staining (sensitivity 30%) and culture (sensitivity 37%) were found in 29% and 37.7% of subjects, respectively. About 64.5% depicted abnormal chest X-ray. Xpert MTB/RIF® (PCR) was positive in 9.4% and biopsy was compatible in 52.7% of these samples. It is fundamental to have laboratory and epidemiological evaluation that support the diagnosis of the disease in children and thus, define its management; since, in most cases, early microbiologic confirmation is lacking.

scholarly journals Chest CT as a Complement to RT-PCR to Confirm and Follow-up COVID-19 Patients

Medicinus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Aziza Ghanie Icksan ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz ◽  
Annisa Dian Harlivasari
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Case ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<p><strong>Background : </strong>The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was recorded in March 2020. Limitation of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has put chest CT as an essential complementary tool in the diagnosis and follow up treatment for COVID-19. Literatures strongly suggested that High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is essential in diagnosing typical symptoms of COVID-19 at the early phase of disease due to its superior sensitivity  (97%) compared to chest x-ray (CXR).</p><p>The two cases presented in this case study showed the crucial role of chest CT with HRCT to establish the working diagnosis and follow up COVID-19 patients as a complement to RT-PCR, currently deemed a gold standard.<strong></strong></p>

Role of Vitamin D in Hospitalized Children With Lower Tract Acute Respiratory Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Cebey-López ◽  
Jacobo Pardo-Seco ◽  
Alberto Gómez-Carballa ◽  
Nazareth Martinón-Torres ◽  
Irene Rivero-Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Kriesel ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
S L Spruance ◽  
Jack Petajan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically identifiable attacks. The viral causes of 21 separate URIs were investigated using culture and polymerase chain reactio n (PCR) of nasal swab specimens, and by serology. Sibley’s ‘at-risk’ period for MS attacks, beginning two weeks before and continuing for five weeks after a URI, was used for the analysis. Seven of the nine (78%) URIs due to picornaviruses were associated with an MS attack during the at-risk period. By contrast, only two of 12 (17%) picornavirus-negative URIs were associated with an MS attack (P =0.01). The possible role of picornaviruses in the patho genesis of MS deserves further study.

scholarly journals Integrative Analysis of CircRNA Expression and Associated ceRNA Network in Graves’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengrong Jiang ◽  
Linghong Huang ◽  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Jingxiong Zhou ◽  
Xuefeng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract ObjectiveGraves’ disease (GD) is the most common subtype of autoimmune thyroid disease which have the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis. However, it is largely unknown about the role of circRNAs in GD. In present study, we performed a comprehensive study of the circRNAs in GD by bioinformatics analyses.MethodsCircRNAs were detected in plasma of 3 newly diagnosed GD patients and 3 healthy controls. We selected 2 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated circRNAs with different expression in GD for validation by transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in both GD and healthy control subjects. The GTRD base was used for predicting the transcript factors of the different expression of circRNAs. Then the competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs) network was assembled and the analysis of the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were performed to predict the functions of different expression of circRNAs.ResultsA total of 366 different expression of circRNAs were detected in GD. The exonic circRNA hsa_circ_0090364 was validated as an up-regulated molecule in GD. 82 transcript factors in promoter region for hsa_circ_0090364 were predicted. The ceRNAs network revealed that the miR-378 family members acted as the target microRNAs of hsa_circ_0090364 and its downstream genes, and also unveiled the involvement of hsa_circ_0090364 in pathogenesis of GD.ConclusionsHsa_circ_0090364 might play a role of ceRNA through sponging up miR-378 family members, which demonstrated that circRNAs had an effect on regulation in GD.

scholarly journals Current Imaging Trends in COVID-19 Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (226) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Jha ◽  
Benu Lohani ◽  
Ram Kumar Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
X Ray ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tomography Scan

COVID-19 has rapidly emerged as a pandemic threatening lives and healthcare systems worldwide.With the emergence of the disease in Nepal, all faculties of medicine need to be well prepared toface the challenge. Fortunately, now plenty of research is available to facilitate our preparednessin the war against COVID-19. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is the currentgold standard diagnostic test and chest Computed Tomography scan for screening the disease isconsidered inappropriate by most society recommendations. The Nepal Radiologists’ Associationhas proposed its guidelines which have been endorsed by the Nepal Medical Council. This articleaims to summarize the role of imaging focusing on chest X-ray and Computed Tomography scanincluding the indications, specific findings, and important differentials. Imaging needs to be donetaking necessary precautions, to minimize disease transmission, protect health care personnel, andpreserve health care system functioning.

scholarly journals Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia in an adult patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Papadopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Misthos ◽  
Maria Chorti ◽  
Vlasios Skopas ◽  
Alexandra Nakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) is a developmental anomaly of the lung parenchyma, characterized by a decrease in the number and size of airways, alveoli and vessels. We present a case of a 31-year-old patient with a history of chronic productive cough and frequent respiratory infections, who was referred for investigation of abnormal chest x-ray. The combination of chest computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy set the diagnosis of left pulmonary hypoplasia and the patient was treated surgically with a left pneumonectomy. PH is usually diagnosed immediately after birth, causing severe respiratory failure with high mortality. The less severe, unilateral forms can possibly survive by causing compensatory hyperinflation of the other lung and remain undiagnosed until adulthood, presenting either asymptomatic or with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and recurrent respiratory infections. Chest CT is considered the imaging technique of choice for the diagnosis and for the differential diagnosis from other congenital or acquired conditions. The treatment is usually conservative, although surgical resection is indicated in cases of severe cystic changes and intense symptomatology.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal microbiota in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis and Rhinovirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Tozzi ◽  
F. Del Chierico ◽  
E. Pandolfi ◽  
S. Reddel ◽  
F. Gesualdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Model Classification ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractDespite great advances in describing Bordetella pertussis infection, the role of the host microbiota in pertussis pathogenesis remains unexplored. Indeed, the microbiota plays important role in defending against bacterial and viral respiratory infections. We investigated the nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants infected by B. pertussis (Bp), Rhinovirus (Rv) and simultaneously by both infectious agents (Bp + Rv). We demonstrated a specific nasopharyngeal microbiome profiles for Bp group, compared to Rv and Bp + Rv groups, and a reduction of microbial richness during coinfection compared to the single infections. The comparison amongst the three groups showed the increase of Alcaligenaceae and Achromobacter in Bp and Moraxellaceae and Moraxella in Rv group. Furthermore, correlation analysis between patients’ features and nasopharyngeal microbiota profile highlighted a link between delivery and feeding modality, antibiotic administration and B. pertussis infection. A model classification demonstrated a microbiota fingerprinting specific of Bp and Rv infections. In conclusion, external factors since the first moments of life contribute to the alteration of nasopharyngeal microbiota, indeed increasing the susceptibility of the host to the pathogens' infections. When the infection is triggered, the presence of infectious agents modifies the microbiota favoring the overgrowth of commensal bacteria that turn in pathobionts, hence contributing to the disease severity.

Community-acquired pneumonia in children. The modern features

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V Sergeeva ◽  
Svetlana I Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mortality Causes ◽  
High Level

Acute respiratory infections are one of the most frequent diseases among children and teenagers around the World. Pneumonia which caused by infectious agents is dangerous disease of the lower respiratory tract that can lead to the death. The continuing high level of morbidity and mortality causes the issue. The article describes the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and CAP severity indicators, also radiographic signs of CAP and modern epidemiological data. The etiological structure of CAP has age-specific peculiarities. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is leading causative agent of CAP, it causes invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumonia. The role of atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae) and viruses was mentioned. The etiology of CAP may vary depending on geographic area, vaccination coverage, using antibiotics. The modern methods for identification of S. pneumoniae were itemized in the article. The own identification from blood lytA gene and cpsA gene S. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) frequency data was presented. Among examined patients who were hospitalized in clinic SPbGPMU in 2011-2015 years attending preschool children less than 5 years of age prevailed (which accounted for 48%). The invasive form is revealed at 34% of the patients with CAP. In this group of patients course of the disease was severity, there was complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pleural exudation.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus C in Children and Adults in Hong Kong Reveals a Possible Distinct Human Rhinovirus C Subgroup

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna K. P. Lau ◽  
Cyril C. Y. Yip ◽  
Ada W. C. Lin ◽  
Rodney A. Lee ◽  
Lok-Yee So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Aspirate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rhinovirus C

Abstract BackgroundA novel human rhinovirus (HRV) species, HRV-C, was recently discovered, but its clinical features and epidemiology, compared with HRV-A and HRV-B, remains poorly understood, especially in adults MethodsOne thousand two hundred nasopharyngeal aspirate samples obtained from hospitalized children and adults during a 1-year period were subject to reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect HRV. The clinical and molecular epidemiology of the 3 HRV species was analyzed ResultsHRVs were detected in 178 (29.7%) of 600 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children and 42 (7%) of 600 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from adults. HRV-A was most prevalent (n=111), followed by HRV-C (n=91) and HRV-B (n=18). Although upper respiratory tract infection was the most common presentation in children, 8 (62%) of the 13 adults with HRV-C infection had pneumonia, compared with 6 (27%) of the 22 adults with HRV-A infection (P&lt;.05). Wheezing episodes were also more common among individuals with HRV-C (37%) and HRV-A (20%) infection than among those with HRV-B (0%) infection (P&lt;.05). Clinical and molecular data analysis revealed HRV-C as a frequent cause of community and institutionalized outbreaks. A diverse set of HRV-C genotypes was circulating throughout the year, among which a potential distinct subgroup of strains was observed ConclusionHRV-C is associated with pneumonia in adults and outbreaks of respiratory infections requiring hospitalization. A potential novel HRV-C subgroup was identified

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