Community-acquired pneumonia in children. The modern features

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V Sergeeva ◽  
Svetlana I Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mortality Causes ◽  
High Level

Acute respiratory infections are one of the most frequent diseases among children and teenagers around the World. Pneumonia which caused by infectious agents is dangerous disease of the lower respiratory tract that can lead to the death. The continuing high level of morbidity and mortality causes the issue. The article describes the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and CAP severity indicators, also radiographic signs of CAP and modern epidemiological data. The etiological structure of CAP has age-specific peculiarities. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is leading causative agent of CAP, it causes invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumonia. The role of atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae) and viruses was mentioned. The etiology of CAP may vary depending on geographic area, vaccination coverage, using antibiotics. The modern methods for identification of S. pneumoniae were itemized in the article. The own identification from blood lytA gene and cpsA gene S. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) frequency data was presented. Among examined patients who were hospitalized in clinic SPbGPMU in 2011-2015 years attending preschool children less than 5 years of age prevailed (which accounted for 48%). The invasive form is revealed at 34% of the patients with CAP. In this group of patients course of the disease was severity, there was complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pleural exudation.

Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Kriesel ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
S L Spruance ◽  
Jack Petajan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically identifiable attacks. The viral causes of 21 separate URIs were investigated using culture and polymerase chain reactio n (PCR) of nasal swab specimens, and by serology. Sibley’s ‘at-risk’ period for MS attacks, beginning two weeks before and continuing for five weeks after a URI, was used for the analysis. Seven of the nine (78%) URIs due to picornaviruses were associated with an MS attack during the at-risk period. By contrast, only two of 12 (17%) picornavirus-negative URIs were associated with an MS attack (P =0.01). The possible role of picornaviruses in the patho genesis of MS deserves further study.

The Role of Atypical Pathogens in Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Marrie ◽  
Nicholas Costain ◽  
Bernard La Scola ◽  
Ward Patrick ◽  
Sarah Forgie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pathogens

scholarly journals Circulatory Endothelin 1-Regulating RNAs Panel: Promising Biomarkers for Non-Invasive NAFLD/NASH Diagnosis and Stratification: Clinical and Molecular Pilot Study

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Reda Albadawy ◽  
Sara H. A. Agwa ◽  
Eman Khairy ◽  
Maha Saad ◽  
Naglaa El Touchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sting Pathway ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major seeds of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no convenient reliable non-invasive early diagnostic tool available for NAFLD/NASH diagnosis and stratification. Recently, the role of cytosolic sensor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been evidenced in research. We have selected EDN1/TNF/MAPK3/EP300/hsa-miR-6888-5p/lncRNA RABGAP1L-DT-206 RNA panel from bioinformatics microarrays databases related to STING pathway and NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis. We have used reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of the serum RNAs panel in NAFLD/NASH without suspicion of advanced fibrosis, NAFLD/with NASH patients with suspicion of advanced fibrosis and controls. Additionally, we have assessed the diagnostic performance of the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) panel. We have detected upregulation of the EDN1 regulating RNAs panel expression in NAFLD/NASH cases compared to healthy controls. We concluded that this circulatory RNA panel could enable us to discriminate NAFLD/NASH cases from controls, and also NAFLD/NASH cases (F1, F2) from advanced fibrosis stages (F3, F4).

Role of Atypical Pathogens in the Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forest Arnold ◽  
James Summersgill ◽  
Julio Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pathogens

scholarly journals Homocysteine-Potentiated Keap1 Promotes Neuronal Senescence via Inhibiting Ubiquitination of β-Catenin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Jiazhao Xie ◽  
Yan-li Jiang ◽  
Shao-juan Yang ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
N2a Cells ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been reported that Hcy dramatically accelerates the aging of endothelial progenitor cells or endothelial cells. However, whether and how Hcy produces neuronal senescence is largely unknown. Methods Mouse neuroblastma 2a (N2a) cells were treated with Hcy, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was applied to assay senescence. Senescent markers and related proteins were examined by western blot, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining. Methylation of promoter was assay by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Immunoprecipitation (IP) was applied to examine association between proteins. Rats were injected with homocysteine and examined neuronal senescence. Results In this study, we observed that Hcy significantly promoted the senescence of N2a cells with elevated β-catenin and Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Intriguingly, Hcy increased the interaction between Keap1 and Wilms tumor gene on X chromosome (WTX), but decreased β-catenin-WTX interaction simultaneously. Mechanistically, Hcy attenuated the methylation level of Keap1 promoter’s CqG island and activated the transcription of Keap1. While, slow degradation rate rather than transcriptional activation contributed to the high level of β-catenin. Hcy-increased Keap1 competed with β-catenin to bind to WTX. Knockdown of β-catenin and Keap1 both attenuated Hcy-induced senescence of N2a cells. Hcy-induced rats model also showed neuronal senescence in cortex along with elevated senescent markers. Conclusions Our data highlight a crucial role of Keap1-β-catenin pathway in Hcy-induced neuronal-like senescence and provide a promising target for AD treatment.

Role of natural and synthetic immunotropic agents in the prevention of acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
G.G. Maryin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tutelyan ◽  
O.A. Gruzdeva ◽  
Yu.A. Goloverova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections (ARIs), community-acquired pneumonia, etc.) pose a serious threat to organized groups (including military personnel, cadets, students of military universities, and schools). The most common complication of ARI is community-acquired pneumonia, severe forms of which may result in an unfavorable outcome. The use of some drugs, such as Carmolis ensures a 2.0–3.8 times reduction in the incidence of ARIs in organized groups and a 2.3–3.0 times reduction in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia. Carmolis has a pronounced non-specific protective effect and increases resistance to respiratory tract infections by promoting nonspecific resistance of the organism. This prevents significant economic damage and reduces the number of complications and poor outcomes. Keywords: organized groups, biological and social emergencies, respiratory tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory infections, coronavirus infection, Carmolis, non-specific resistance, non-specific prevention of acute respiratory infections, epidemiological effectiveness

scholarly journals Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens in Children and Adults Suffering from Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Khabarovsk City in 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Vlada A. Shmуlenko ◽  
Albina P. Bondarenko ◽  
Olga E. Trotsenko ◽  
Vyacheslav B. Turkutyukov ◽  
Elena A. Bazykina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Defibrinated Sheep Blood ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Objective. To designate the nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial pathogens among children and adults diagnosed with recurrent respiratory diseases residing in the Khabarovsk city during a four-year period.Materials and methods. Nasopharyngeal and oral swabs obtained from 7,043 children and adults were tested using classical bacteriological methods. In order to grow “difficult-to-culture” microorganisms a columbian agar with addition of 5% defibrinated sheep blood, incubation in the atmosphere rich with CO2 (5%), bacteriological analyzer Vitek 2 Compact were used. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the identification of S. pyogenes.Results. A high level of nasopharyngeal pathogens carriage (47%) was detected. The most prevalent microorganisms were as follows: S. pneumoniae (47%), M. catarrhalis (30.4%), H. influenzaе (17.5%), S. pyogenes (5.2%). The age groups at risk were children aged 0–6 years for S. pneumoniae and children aged 7–12 years for S. pyogenes. An emerging trend it the level of nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae observed in 2018 was followed by the increase of registered incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia.Conclusion. Nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae imposes a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia and other pneumococci-associated diseases, predominantly in children.

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