Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Kriesel ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
S L Spruance ◽  
Jack Petajan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically identifiable attacks. The viral causes of 21 separate URIs were investigated using culture and polymerase chain reactio n (PCR) of nasal swab specimens, and by serology. Sibley’s ‘at-risk’ period for MS attacks, beginning two weeks before and continuing for five weeks after a URI, was used for the analysis. Seven of the nine (78%) URIs due to picornaviruses were associated with an MS attack during the at-risk period. By contrast, only two of 12 (17%) picornavirus-negative URIs were associated with an MS attack (P =0.01). The possible role of picornaviruses in the patho genesis of MS deserves further study.

Sequence analysis of human rhinovirus aspirated from the nasopharynx of patients with relapsing-remitting MS

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kneider ◽  
T Bergström ◽  
C Gustafsson ◽  
N Nenonen ◽  
C Ahlgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Not At Risk

Background Upper respiratory infections were reported to trigger multiple sclerosis relapses. A relationship between picornavirus infections and MS relapses was recently reported. Objective To evaluate whether human rhinovirus is associated with multiple sclerosis relapses and whether any particular strain is predominant. Method Nasopharyngeal fluid was aspirated from 36 multiple sclerosis patients at pre-defined critical time points. Reverse-transcriptase-PCR was performed to detect human rhinovirus-RNA. Positive amplicons were sequenced. Results We found that rhinovirus RNA was present in 17/40 (43%) of specimens obtained at the onset of a URTI in 19 patients, in 1/21 specimens during convalescence after URTI in 14 patients, in 0/6 specimens obtained in 5 patients on average a week after the onset of an “at risk” relapse, occurring within a window in time from one week before to three weeks after an infection, and in 0/17 specimens obtained after the onset of a “not at risk” relapse not associated with any infection in 12 patients. Fifteen specimens from healthy control persons not associated with URTI were negative. The frequency of HRV presence in URTI was similar to that reported for community infections. Eight amplicons from patients represented 5 different HRV strains. Conclusion We were unable to reproduce previous findings of association between HRV infections and multiple sclerosis relapses. HRV was not present in nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained during “at risk” or “not at risk” relapses. Sequencing of HRV obtained from patients during URTI did not reveal any strain with predominance in multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruiz ◽  
S. Vigne ◽  
C. Pot
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are three clinical forms described: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common initial presentation (85%) among which, if not treated, about half will transform, into the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and the primary progressive MS (PPMS) (15%) that is directly progressive without superimposed clinical relapses. Inflammation is present in all subsets of MS. The relapsing/remitting form could represent itself a particular interest for the study of inflammation resolution even though it remains incomplete in MS. Successful resolution of acute inflammation is a highly regulated process and dependent on mechanisms engaged early in the inflammatory response that are scarcely studied in MS. Moreover, recent classes of disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) that are effective against RRMS act by re-establishing the inflammatory imbalance, taking advantage of the pre-existing endogenous suppressor. In this review, we will discuss the active role of regulatory immune cells in inflammation resolution as well as the role of tissue and non-hematopoietic cells as contributors to inflammation resolution. Finally, we will explore how DMTs, more specifically induction therapies, impact the resolution of inflammation during MS.

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple sclerosis: a case with unexpected “no evidence of disease activity” status

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199957
Author(s):  
Fernando Labella ◽  
Fernando Acebrón ◽  
María del Carmen Blanco-Valero ◽  
Alba Rodrígez-Martín ◽  
Ángela Monterde Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system whose etiology remains unclear. It has been suggested that MS can be triggered by certain viruses; however, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced incidence of MS. We present the case of a young patient diagnosed with active relapsing-remitting MS whose clinical course substantially improved following HIV infection and treatment. The patient achieved no evidence of disease activity status without any disease-modifying drugs. Both HIV-induced immunosuppression and antiretroviral therapy may have attenuated the clinical course in this patient.

scholarly journals Innate Immune System and Multiple Sclerosis. Granulocyte Numbers Are Reduced in Patients Affected by Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis during the Remission Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Zbyšek Pavelek ◽  
Francesco Angelucci ◽  
Ondřej Souček ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Lukáš Sobíšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Remission Phase ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. The cause of MS is still unknown, and the role of innate immunity is still poorly understood. Objective: The goal of this study was to understand whether, compared to healthy controls, the elements of innate immunity are altered in the blood of MS patients in the remitting phase. Methods: A total of 77 naïve MS patients and 50 healthy controls were included in this cohort study. Peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed. All the calculations were performed with the statistical system R (r-project.org). Results: The results showed that MS patients had significantly lower relative representations of granulocytes than healthy controls, while the relative representations of monocytes remained unchanged. CD64- and PD-L1-positive granulocytes exhibited a nonsignificant decreasing trend, while granulocytes with other membrane markers remained noticeably unchanged. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that studies of the causes of MS and its treatment should also be focused on the elements of the innate immune response.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

scholarly journals Assessment of the influence of various risk factors on the severity of psycho-emotional disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
T.A. Odintsova ◽  
O.O. Kopchak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an insidious disabling, both physically and mentally, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. People with multiple sclerosis, apart from the classic manifestations, can also experience depression and anxiety. The study was aimed to assess peculiarities of influence of socio-demographic, external factors, and characteristics of the disease on depression and anxiety among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The following article highlights the main risk factors and their ways of influence on the aforementioned disorders, distinguished by the multifactorial analysis. Also, it estimates the frequency of different severity levels of either depression or anxiety depending on the pre-sence of each risk factor.

scholarly journals A Review of Vascular Disease Risk Factors and Multiple Sclerosis

US Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Meena R Kannan ◽  
Vijayshree Yadav ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. Recent research shows that vascular disease risk factors (VDRFs) such as obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, can influence MS on its onset, disease activity, progression, and resultant disability. This review evaluates the current knowledge on the role of VDRFs on outcomes among people with MS (PwMS) and shows that while VDRF prevalence may or may not be higher among PwMS compared with the general population, its presence can influence MS in myriad ways. Management of VDRFs through early detection and treatment may be a promising approach to improving outcomes in PwMS.

Multiple Sclerosis Relapsing Remitting Progressive Type

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Fitri ◽  
Basjiruddin Ahmad ◽  
Yuliarni Syafrita
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
System A ◽  
Progressive Type ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurologic demyelinating disease in high-income countries. The causes of MS is multifactorial involve genetics and the environment in which immune cell infiltration occurs across the blood-brain barrier, causing inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuroaxonal degeneration in the substantia grisea in the central nervous system. A 23-year-old female patient was treated with four limbs weakened since 2 weeks ago accompanied by blurred vision, pain, cramps and stiffness in the back muscles and legs. The patient has experienced the same complaint before. Clinical findings reveal lhermitte sign, atrophy papillae, and tetraparese. On thoracic vertebral MRI examination without contrast and brain MRI with contrast obtained multiple sclerosis lesions. Patients receive steroid and antidepressant therapy. MS needs to be studied further because this number of cases began to emerge. 

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

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