Phylogenetic Relationships of Sucrose Transporters (SUTs) in Plants and Genome-wide Characterization of SUT Genes in Orchidaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhu Wang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Qingzhen Wei ◽  
Hongjian Wan ◽  
Chongbo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Sucrose Partitioning

Abstract BackgroundSucrose is the primary form of photosynthetically produced carbohydrates transported long distance in many plant species, which significantly affects plant growth, development and physiology. Sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) are a group of membrane proteins that play vital roles in mediating sucrose allocation within cells and at the whole plant level.ResultsIn this study, we investigated the relationship of SUTs in 24 representative plant species and performed a comprehensive analysis of SUT genes in three sequenced Orchidaceae species, Dendrobium officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica. All the SUTs from 24 plants were classified into three groups and five subgroups: subgroups A, B1, B2.1, B2.2, and C, based on the evolutionary relationships. A total of 22 SUT genes were identified in Orchidaceae species, among which D. officinale had 8 genes (DenSUT01-08), P. equestris had 8 genes (PeqSUT01-08) and A. shenzhenica had 6 genes (PeqSUT01-06). For the 22 Orchidaceae SUTs, each of the subgroups A, B2.2 and C contains three genes, whereas the SUT genes were significantly expanded in the monocot-specific subgroup B2.1 which contained 12 genes. To shed light into sucrose partitioning and functions of sucrose transporters in Orchidacea species, we analysed water-soluble sugar content and performed RNA sequencing of different tissues of D. officinale, including leaves, stems, flowers and roots. The results showed that although total content of water-soluble polysaccharides was highest in the stems of D. officinale, the sucrose content was highest in flowers. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed that most of the DenSUTs were expressed in flowers, among which DenSUT01, DenSUT07 and DenSUT06 had significantly high expression levels.ConclusionsThese results indicated that stems are used as main storage sinks for photosynthetically produced sugar in D. officinale, and that the DenSUTs mainly take functions in the cellular machinery and development of floral organs. Our findings provide valuable information on sucrose partitioning and the evolution and functions of SUT genes in Orchidaceae and other species.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of sucrose transporters (SUTs) in plants and genome-wide characterization of SUT genes in Orchidaceae reveal roles in floral organ development

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11961
Author(s):  
Yunzhu Wang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Qingzhen Wei ◽  
Hongjian Wan ◽  
Chongbo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
Sucrose Partitioning

Sucrose is the primary form of photosynthetically produced carbohydrates transported long distance in many plant species and substantially affects plant growth, development and physiology. Sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) are a group of membrane proteins that play vital roles in mediating sucrose allocation within cells and at the whole-plant level. In this study, we investigated the relationships among SUTs in 24 representative plant species and performed an analysis of SUT genes in three sequenced Orchidaceae species: Dendrobium officinale, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica. All the SUTs from the 24 plant species were classified into three groups and five subgroups, subgroups A, B1, B2.1, B2.2, and C, based on their evolutionary relationships. A total of 22 SUT genes were identified among Orchidaceae species, among which D. officinale had 8 genes (DoSUT01-08), P. equestris had eight genes (PeqSUT01-08) and A. shenzhenica had 6 genes (AsSUT01-06). For the 22 OrchidaceaeSUTs, subgroups A, B2.2 and C contained three genes, whereas the SUT genes were found to have significantly expanded in the monocot-specific subgroup B2.1, which contained 12 genes. To understand sucrose partitioning and the functions of sucrose transporters in Orchidaceae species, we analyzed the water-soluble sugar content and performed RNA sequencing of different tissues of D. officinale, including leaves, stems, flowers and roots. The results showed that although the total content of water-soluble polysaccharides was highest in the stems of D. officinale, the sucrose content was highest in the flowers. Moreover, gene expression analysis showed that most of the DoSUTs were expressed in the flowers, among which DoSUT01,DoSUT07 and DoSUT06 had significantly increased expression levels. These results indicated that stems are used as the main storage sinks for photosynthetically produced sugar in D. officinale and that DoSUTs mainly function in the cellular machinery and development of floral organs. Our findings provide valuable information on sucrose partitioning and the evolution and functions of SUT genes in Orchidaceae and other species.

Effect of Multiple Gas Media Package on Preservation of Fresh Sweet Corn at Room Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1354-1358
Author(s):  
Jian Qing Meng ◽  
Xiao Yu Jia ◽  
Wei Qiao Yang ◽  
Xi Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Effects of different methods of gas package on freshness of harvested fresh Sweet Corn, at room temperature in its shelf life were investigated. The harvested fresh Sweet Corn were packaged under vacuum, air, N2 or CO2, respectively, and then stored 90 days at 30°Cafter the high temperature sterilization. After the sterilization and during storage, the changes of aerobic plate count, water content, soluble sugar content, and TPA were determined. The results showed that compared with others, the package with N2 could inhibit the growth of microorganisms, kept the content of water, soluble sugar and fat. After 90 days, TPA showed that the package in nitrogen could improve the quality of sweet corns.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-dose X-ray Irradiation on the Quality of Fresh-cut Asparagus in Microwaveable Vacuum Skin Packs

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joongmin Shin ◽  
Bruce Harte ◽  
Janice Harte ◽  
Kirk Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Local Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pal Activity ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Fresh Cut

Low-dose x-ray irradiation was used on vacuum skin-packaged fresh-cut asparagus to extend its shelf life and improve its microbial safety. Freshly imported Peruvian asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears were obtained from a local source, cleaned, trimmed, and sanitized and then vacuum skin-packaged (VSP) in a tray pack system. A breathable lid film was vacuum-sealed to protect the product from contamination and allow for gas exchange. Asparagus were packaged in VSP, which modified the package atmosphere, and exposed to a target dose of 1.0 kGy or left untreated. Asparagus were also placed in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags as a control. All samples were then stored at 4 °C for 24 days. To determine the effectiveness of the irradiation treatment, sample packages were periodically removed from storage and several measurements were used to evaluate the product, including headspace gas content, microbial growth, water soluble sugar content, and enzyme activity. A dose of 1.0 kGy reduced initial microbial population up to 3.8 log colony-forming units (cfu)/g and maintained 20% more of the initial sugar content relative to the non-irradiated VSP asparagus. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in VSP asparagus was lower than in the control package (LDPE bag) regardless of irradiation treatment (P < 0.05). However, x-ray treatment increased the PAL activity of asparagus in VSP up to Day 8 (P < 0.05).

Application of Collagen Hydrolysate Extracted from Limed Hide Waste in the Crop Grow Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-546
Author(s):  
Li Zhao Li Zhao ◽  
Yanru Long and Haibin Gu Yanru Long and Haibin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

In this work, the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were successfully extracted from the limed hide waste, and used at the nutrient solutions for crop breeding. Firstly, using the single factor and orthogonal exp eriments, hydrolytic process parameters of limed hide waste were optimized for the Alcalase-based enzymatic and Ca(OH)2-based alkali, and alkali-enzyme methods that led to the corresponding collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights. The obtained collagen hydrolysates were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), amino acid analysis, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and Kjeldahl method. Then, the collagen hydrolysates were used as organic nitrogen sources to prepare fertilizers for the grow seedlings of Triticum aestivum, Glycine max, and Brassica napus, and inorganic nitrogen solutions were used as controls. The effects of these nutrient solutions on the seedlings and growth of the three crops were investigated. Concretely, the germination rate, plant weight, seeding height, soluble sugar content, and chlorophyll content were tested. Results indicated that all the collagen hydrolysate products could be used to prepare water-soluble fertilizers that can intensively boost germination, plant weight, and seeding height, and greatly increase soluble sugar and chlorophyll content in leaves. Furthermore, the fertilizer efficiencies of all the tested degradation products are much better than that of the water-soluble fertilizer containing inorganic nitrogen. All the proteolytic nutrient solutions with different molecular weights can promote the growth of crops, but the smaller the molecular weight is, the better the growth effect of crops is, which is manifested in the higher germination rate, plant weight, seedling height, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content of seeds.

Effects of Different Light Intensity on the Growth and Nutrients Content of Gynura

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3766-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Rong Cheng ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Jun Shu ◽  
Mu Kui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Branches

Light condition has significant effects on plant growth and nutrient accumulation. The growth and nutrients content of Gynura (Begonia fimbristipulata) were studied under three light intensities (natural field, 100% full sunlight (L0); 50% canopy cover (L1); 70% canopy cover (L2)) in Fuyang, China. The results showed that plant height, ground diameter and number of branches were no significant difference between L0 and L1 treatments (P>0.05), these variables were significantly lower in L2 treatment than that in L0 treatment (P<0.05). Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugar content in Gynura’s leaves reduced with decreasing light intensity. The content of protein and iron (Fe) were no significant difference among the three light treatments (P>0.05). The content of calcium (Ca) markedly increased in L1 treatment compared with L0 treatment (P<0.05), and it greatly declined in L2 treatment. The change of light conditions had less impact on the water-soluble amino acid content (except for alanine, serine, and glutamic acid). These results indicate that Gynura is suitable to cultivate under the forest with 50% canopy cover.

Seasonal Development of Established Johnsongrass

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Seasonal Development

Growth of tops and rhizomes of established johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) stopped almost completely in the cool winter season. Rhizome growth started in spring later than topgrowth. Rhizomes constituted more than 90% of the total subterranean weight. In a sward of pure johnsongrass, 60%, 30%, and 10% of the total subterranean weight were found in the 0 to 15-cm, 15 to 30-cm, and 30 to 45-cm soil layer, respectively. Water-soluble sugar content in rhizomes was high in early winter and in early summer and low in early spring and in fall. Less water-soluble sugars were found in shallow than in deeper rhizomes. In winter the sugars accumulated mainly in the deepest rhizomes. No clear relation was detected between the sprouting percentage of rhizome buds and growth, sugar content, or seasonal climatic factors. No case of complete sprouting inhibition was recorded during the year.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation of collagen hydrolysates from chrome shavings and their potential use in the preparation of amino acid fertilizer for crop growth

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Shengdong Mu ◽  
Weixiang Wang ◽  
Haibin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates

AbstractResource utilization of chrome shavings (CS) has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry. Especially, the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field. However, there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS. Herein, the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis, and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted. To evaluate their toxicity, the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development. The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations (less than 0.6 mg/mL) were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers (AAWSF) including alkaline type fertilizer (OH), enzymatic type fertilizer (M) and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer (OH–M) for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat, soybean and rapeseed. It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg, which is far less than the limit value in the standard (China, 50 mg/kg). The growth and development of seedlings (germination rate, plant height, fresh weight of leaves, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content) were investigated. The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments, and the OH–M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development, followed by the M and OH fertilizers. The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope, and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reasonable way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste, which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Size and Carbohydrate Content of Ears of Baby Corn in Relation to Endosperm Type (Su, su, se, sh2)

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bar-Zur ◽  
A. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Ear size and quality traits of various types of maize (Zea mays L.) (Su, su, se, sh2) used as baby corn were evaluated in field experiments. Ear size increased with time (0 to 6 days) after silking. Optimal stage for harvest was at silking for most cultivars and 6 days after silking for the prolific mini-corn cultivars. Sugar content of baby corn ears of all genotypes consisted primarily of glucose and fructose, with only low levels of sucrose. There was no significant increase in sugar content attributable to the su, se, or sh2 genes compared with Su, thus indicating there is no reason to use sweet corn types instead of the higher-yielding Su types. Total soluble sugar content of the genotypes ranged from ≈20 to 30 mg·g-1 fresh weight. Starch and water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) concentrations in the Su cultivars, which were higher than those in the other endosperm types studied, decreased slightly from 0 to 6 days after silking. However, WSP concentrations were low and not likely to affect quality. Crispness, determined by organoleptic tests, decreased with time of harvest and differed among genotypes.

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