Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been required to follow preventive measures such as government policy including the closure of exercise facilities and movement restriction, can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders.Methods: In the current retrospective observational study of patients who visited the hospital at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in cardiometabolic factors from the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020) were compared with changes in the same cohort at the same annual time points during the previous seasons of 2016–2019.Results: A total of 1,485 individuals with a mean age of 61.8 ± 11.7 years were included in the analysis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018–2019 season. The body mass index increased by 0.09 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in the 2019–2020 pandemic period, whereas it decreased by –0.39 ± 3.03 kg/m2 in 2018–2019 and by –0.34 ± 2.18 kg/m2 in 2017–2018 (both p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6 ± 18.2 mmHg in the COVID-19 pandemic period, while it decreased in the three antecedent seasons (all p < 0.05). The lipid profiles worsened in the pandemic period compared with the previous years. The Framingham coronary heart disease risk score also increased significantly.Conclusions: With preventive procedures during the contagious disease pandemic, nationwide strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health are necessary.

Download Full-text

Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea: An Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127499/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Minji Sohn ◽

Bo Kyung Koo ◽

Soo Lim ◽

Ho Il Yoon ◽

Kyoung-Ho Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Korea ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been required to follow preventive measures such as social distancing or staying at home, which can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods: Using data for patients who visited a tertiary hospital in South Korea at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in clinical and biochemical data from the COVID-19 pandemic (2019–2020) were compared with changes in the same data at the same annual time points during the three previous seasons of 2016–2019.Results: Among 7,094 patients, data for 1,485 were included. Systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6 ± 18.2 mmHg in the COVID-19 pandemic period compared with the 2018–2019, 2017–2018, and 2016–2017 seasons: –1.4 ± 16.5 mmHg, –2.8 ± 14.3 mmHg, and –0.7 ± 14.3 mmHg, respectively; all p < 0.05. The body mass index increased by 0.09 ± 1.16 kg/m2 in the 2019–2020 pandemic season whereas it changed by –0.39 ± 3.03 kg/m2 in 2018–2019 and by –0.34 ± 2.18 kg/m2 in 2017–2018 (both p <0.05). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels worsened in the pandemic season compared with the previous three. Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels also showed increasing tendencies during the pandemic, but without significance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018–2019 season. The 10-year coronary heart disease risk calculated using the Framingham risk score also increased significantly.Conclusions: Comorbidity and mortality arising from cardiometabolic disorders as collateral damage during COVID-19 infections and preventive procedures could have major impacts on human health in the future. Nationwide strategies to reverse the aggravation of cardiometabolic health during a pandemic should be implemented in countries attempting to cope with it.

Download Full-text

Development and Validation of a Total Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.10.019 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 596-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Xilin Yang ◽

Wing-Yee So ◽

Alice P.S. Kong ◽

Ronald C.W. Ma ◽

Gary T.C. Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Disease Risk Score ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Heart Disease Risk

Download Full-text

Status of dyslipidemia management and statin undertreatment in Korean cancer survivors: A Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487320905722 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 204748732090572

Author(s):

Sujeong Shin ◽

Dong Wook Shin ◽

In Young Cho ◽

Su-Min Jeong ◽

Hyein Jung

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

American Heart Association ◽

American Heart ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Heart Association ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Disease Risk Score ◽

Heart Disease Risk

Aims Due to improving cancer treatment results, non-cancer mortality is an important issue for cancer survivors. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in Korea and globally. In addition to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, the use of statins has led to an overall reduction in cancer mortality in recent observational studies. We investigated the status of current dyslipidemia management in cancer survivors with reference to 2018 guidelines. Methods The study is a cross-sectional analysis of 1460 cancer survivors aged from 40 to 75 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. Dyslipidemia management status among cancer survivors was assessed according to 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score guidelines. Results The rate of treatment for dyslipidemia was 8.5% for males, 13.8% for females, and 11.9% overall. Among cancer survivors who were not receiving treatment for dyslipidemia, 59.6% of males, 34.2% of females and 43.9% of total cancer survivors would have been eligible for statin therapy under the 2018 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score guidelines. The rate of undertreatment of dyslipidemia increased with age and length of time since cancer diagnosis. Conclusion Nearly 50% of cancer survivors remain untreated although they are eligible for statin therapy. This emphasizes the need for more attention to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among cancer survivors.

Download Full-text