scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Perception of and Willingness to Participate in Organ Donation - Experiences of Immigrants From Bosnia and Herzegovina Living in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferid Krupic ◽  
Kemal Grbic ◽  
Olof Westin ◽  
Eleonor Svantesson ◽  
Eric Hamrin Senorski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract BackgroundOrgan donation is a personal choice and many ethical, legal, medical, organisational and social factors are involved. It is possible to transplant some organs from live donors and others only from deceased donors. Nevertheless, the shortage of organs worldwide is a problem. Gender differences may cause decission and willingnes to organ donation. Methods A total of 60 informants (30 men and 30 women), born in Bosnia and Herzegovina and living in Sweden were available for follow-up. Data was collected by a questionnaire and statisticaly analysed according to the chi-square test, the D’Agostino-Pearson test for checking normality of continuous data distribution and, based on the distribution of results, Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results The result showed that significant differences between men and women was highest in the question about definition of transplantation (p<0.0001), information about organ donation (p<0.0001), knowledge about OD (p<0.0001), importance about OD (p<0.003), religious permitting to OD (p=0.0001), religious opposite to OD (p=0.0007), donate to a special person or not (p=0.0062), religion as factor to donate (p=0.0007). It was not better in question about having the donor card (p<0.0001). ConclusionsWomen were found to have more positive attitudes toward organ donation than men. Different socioeconomic factors, cultural beliefs, a higher level of religiousness, a higher level of information and knowledge about organ donation, as well as the ownership of donor cards, may result in a better perception of and willingness to participate organ donation. More knowledge of the religious understanding of organ donations and the reduction in prejudice among respondents would make the awareness and desire for organ donation even greater.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Cancer Screening Beliefs, Behaviors, and Willingness to Participate

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna L. Davis ◽  
Kyrel L. Buchanan ◽  
Ralph V. Katz ◽  
B. Lee Green
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Digit ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Men have higher cancer mortality rates for all sites combined compared with women. Cancer screening (CS) participation is important for the early detection of cancer. This study explores gender differences in CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness to participate. The data were collected from a stratified, random-digit dial survey of adults living in New York, Maryland, and Puerto Rico. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were computed to analyze gender associations among CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness variables. Men and women believed that CSs were effective, though a higher percentage of men had never had a past CS. Men were less willing to participate in a CS at the present time and in a skin cancer exam; however, when given descriptions of screening conditions, men indicated more willingness to participate. These gender differences highlight the need for health professionals to examine their efforts in providing enhanced CS promotion and education among men.

scholarly journals Analysis of anatomy and configuration of the canal system of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Brankica Davidović ◽  
Ljiljana Bjelović ◽  
Igor Radović ◽  
Bojana Davidović ◽  
Svjetlana Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction. Successful endodontic treatment depends upon the clinician's knowledge and ability to recognize and diagnose the presence of anatomical and morphological variations of the root and canal system. The aim of this study was to establish the number of roots and root canal configurations of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 150 maxillary second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic or prosthetic reasons. Endodontic drills were used for trepanation of cavum dentis, and the number and patency of each root canal were determined by Kexpander # 15. Then, the samples were decalcified, made transparent and colored, to enable 3D viewing of the canal system. Decalcified teeth were observed from two projections (clinical and approximal) and analyzed in detail with a magnifying glass under 3 × and 5 × magnification in order to determine the number of roots, number of canals, root canal configuration using Vertucci's classification and number of anastomoses between canals. Statistical significance was obtained using Chi-square test. Results. The results obtained by decalcification of the teeth showed that, by radiographic analysis from the clinical projection, all the teeth had a single root. While, by the analysis from the approximal projection, 94.0% had one, 6.0% two roots. From the approximal projection, 70.7% with a single root canal and 29.3% with two root canals are visualized. The most common type of root canal configuration in the maxillary second premolars was Type I in both clinical (87.9%) and approximal projection (40.7%). Conclusion. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the variations in root canal morphology, because excluding the possibility of morphological variations can lead to failure of endodontic therapy

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden and Disability in Somatoform Disorder: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762095756
Author(s):  
Esther Chinneimawi ◽  
Padmavathi Nagarajan ◽  
Vikas Menon
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T

Background: Very few Indian studies have explored disability among patients with somatoform disorder and the burden experienced by their caregivers. We aimed to assess the levels of disability among patients with somatoform disorder and the levels of burden among their caregivers and compare these parameters against patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Participants included adults with a diagnosis of somatoform disorders (F45.0–F 45.9) ( n = 28) or schizophrenia (F20.0–F20.9) ( n = 28) diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision ( ICD-10), clinical descriptions, and diagnostic guidelines, as well as their caregivers. The WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and Family Burden Interview Schedule were used to assess patient disability and caregiver burden, respectively. Independent Student’s t-test or chi-square test was used to compare relevant sociodemographic and clinical parameters. Results: Out of 56 patients, the mean (±SD) age of the sample was 38.6 (±10.5) years. Females constituted a slender majority of the sample ( n = 29, 51.8%). The mean disability score of patients with somatoform disorders was slightly higher (83.6 ±20.9) than that of patients with schizophrenia (82.3 ±16.7). Similarly, the mean burden score of caregivers of patients with somatoform disorders was nominally higher (18.96 ±9.9) than that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia (15.7 ±9.7). Neither of these differences approached statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with somatoform disorders experience considerable levels of disability, and their caregivers go through various levels of burden in their daily life that is comparable to schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Predictors of Obesity among Urban Girls and Boys Aged 8–10 Years—A Cross-Sectional Study in North-Western Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6611
Author(s):  
Joanna Ratajczak ◽  
Elzbieta Petriczko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Student’S T

Background: Children worldwide are increasingly becoming overweight and obese and developing related health problems, including hypertension, lipid disorders, abnormal glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and secondary psychological disorders. The aim of the study was to determine sociodemographic risk factors that predict an increase in BMI in children at an early school age. Material and method: The study covered 4972 children aged 8–10 years, including boys (N = 2461) and girls (N = 2511). Measurements of basic anthropometric indicators were used, such as body height, body weight, body composition, and physical fitness. The criteria developed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were adopted. Sociodemographic features were analyzed based on a diagnostic survey. IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 (Mineral Midrange SA, Warsaw, Poland) and IBM SPSS Amos software (Mineral Midrange SA, Warsaw, Poland) were used to perform descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson′s chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The statistical significance index was assumed to be p < 0.05, while p < 0.01 was taken as an indicator of a trend which was not completely statistically significant. Results: Both the children and their parents had mainly moderate BMI. A total of 78.7% of children were within the weight norm. Among girls, extreme obesity was two times more frequent than extreme underweight. The examined boys were significantly taller, heavier, and had a higher BMI than girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls in BMI; however, gender alone accounted for less than 1% variance. The influence of parents′ characteristics was much greater, increasing the explained variance to 10%. Body weight of mothers and fathers (p < 0.001), mother′s height (p < 0.01) and both parents′ level of education (p < 0.001) were detected as significant predictors of children’s BMI. Conclusions: The analysis of selected sociodemographic and health factors determining the BMI of the child population indicates the need for preventive action and health promotion both among children and their parents.

scholarly journals Radiographic Outliers, Revisions, and Functional Outcomes in Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Harris ◽  
Evan R. Deckard ◽  
Mary Ziemba-Davis ◽  
Kevin A. Sonn ◽  
R. Michael Meneghini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Robotic Assistance ◽  
Fixed Bearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Experienced Surgeon ◽  
Aseptic Revision ◽  
Student’S T

Background and Hypothesis: Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) is a technically demanding procedure vulnerable to errors in component positioning. Recent studies suggest robotic-assistance improves precision of implant placement, minimizes outliers, and improves survivorship. However, we have previously demonstrated an experienced surgeon can match robotic accuracy. This study evaluated revision rates and functional outcomes of radiographic outliers in manual UKA. Experimental Design or Project Methods: A retrospective review of 222 consecutive fixed-bearing medial UKAs was conducted. Implant positioning and alignment were assessed radiographically measuring tibial coronal (TCA), femoral coronal (FCA), tibial sagittal (TSA) and femoral sagittal (FSA) angles as well as implant overhang. UCLA Activity Level and all-cause survivorship were evaluated. Student’s t-test, Chi square, and Kaplan Meier curves were used in analyses with alpha ≤ .05 designating statistical significance. Results: Using previously published alignment goals, our manual UKAs achieved the following targets: 92% for TCA, 100% for FCA, 88% for TSA, and 100% for FSA. For implant overhang, 100% met medial, anterior, and posterior targets. Our manual UKAs achieved desired alignment and overhang goals more frequently than previously published manual success. Survivorship free from aseptic revision in this study was 96% at 8.5 years. Additionally, there was no difference in UCLA Activity Level improvement comparing outliers and non-outliers (p³0.159). Conclusion and Potential Impact: Manual UKAs performed by an experienced surgeon showed improved success in achieving alignment and implant overhang goals compared to published manual UKA data and similar success compared to published robotic-assisted UKA data. We found no differences in revision rates or functional outcomes between outliers and non-outliers using previously published targets. For robotic assistance to be cost effective, it must demonstrate improved outcomes or survivorship when compared to manual UKAs. Our results contradict recently published claims that manual alignment outliers and failure rates fail to meet expectations for UKA.

scholarly journals Early Gender Differences in Pain and Functional Recovery Following Thoracolumbar Spinal Arthrodesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3654
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Gulbrandsen ◽  
Nina Lara ◽  
James A. Beauchamp ◽  
Andrew Chung ◽  
Michael Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Minimum Clinically Important Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Spinal Arthrodesis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Function

Background: To analyze gender differences regarding the recovery experience (pain, function, complications) after spinal arthrodesis surgery. Methods: Pre-operative and post-operative gender-based differences in patient-reported outcomes for open posterior spinal arthrodesis at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were studied, including age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, number of vertebrae fused, type of surgery, primary vs. revision surgery, and complications. Statistical analysis included the use of Student’s t-test, Chi square, linear regression, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rho. Results: Primary or revision posterior arthrodesis was performed on 1931 consecutive adults (1219 females, 712 males) for deformity and degenerative pathologies. At surgery, females were older than males (61.7 years vs. 59.7 years, p < 0.01), had slightly more comorbidities (1.75 vs. 1.5, p < 0.01), and were more likely to undergo deformity correction (38% vs. 22%, p < 0.01). Females described more pre-op pain (female VAS = 6.54 vs. male VAS = 6.41, p < 0.01) and lower pre-op function (female ODI = 49.73 vs. male ODI = 46.52, p < 0.01). By 3 months post-op, there was no significant gender difference in VAS or ODI scores. Similar pain and function scores between males and females continued through 6 months and 12 months. Conclusion: Although females have more pain and dysfunction before undergoing spinal surgery, the differences in these values do not reach the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID). Post-operatively, there is no difference in pain and function scores among males and females at 3, 6, and 12 months.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felício Rodrigues-Neto ◽  
Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo ◽  
Anderson Antônio de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Homeopathy is a therapeutic system that uses small doses of substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Brazil, and the socioeconomic profile of users. DESIGN AND SETTING: Probabilistic cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. METHODS: This study was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 3,080 people. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test and the chi-square test were used. The statistical significance level used was P < 0.05. RESULTS: We interviewed 3,090 people. The prevalence of the use of homeopathy was 2.4%. The factors associated with its use were female gender, schooling and income. The main reason that led to seeking homeopathy was "Conventional treatment did not have any effect". For 70.2% of the users, the cost of the treatment was considered reasonable or cheap. About 73% were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received through homeopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of homeopathy found here was less than that reported in other countries. People with higher income and schooling levels used homeopathy more frequently. There was higher prevalence among women. Most users declared themselves satisfied with the treatment received.

scholarly journals APPENDECTOMY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
ZULFIQAR ALI ◽  
TANVEER AHMAD ◽  
IRSHAD AHMAD ◽  
Muhammad Suhail Amir ◽  
AG Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendicectomy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Open Appendicectomy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and morbidities of laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) and open appendicectomy (OA) in patients with acute appendicitis. Design: Interventional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Madina Teaching Hospital, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: From June 2007 to August 2009. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of two hundred patients suffering from acute appendicitis. One hundred patients underwent LA and one hundred patients underwent OA. Comparison was based on operating time, complications, requirements for postoperative analgesia, time until resumption to regular diet, hospital stay, and return to full activity in days. Comparisons were made between continuous variables using Student’s t test of the means and were made between proportions using Fischer’s exact or chi-square testing where appropriate. Statistical significance was taken to be a p value of .05 or less. Results: Of the hundred patients, five patients (5%) had the procedure converted to open surgery. The rate of infection was significantly lower in patients undergoing LA. The median length of stay was significantly shorter after LA (2 days after LA, 5 days after OA, P < 0.05) than after OA. The operating time was shorter {OA: 25 min (median), LA: 30 min (median), P > .05} in patients undergoing open appendicectomy compared to laparoscopic appendicectomy. Conclusion: LA is associated with increased clinical comfort in terms of fewer wound infections, faster recovery, earlier return to work and improved cosmesis.

scholarly journals Effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease on family members' knowledge

Rev Rene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e61458
Author(s):  
Sarah Vieira Figueiredo ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
Daniella Barbosa Campos ◽  
Edna Maria Camelo Chaves ◽  
Ilvana Lima Verde Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: to analyze the effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease related to family members’ knowledge. Methods: quasi-experimental study, with 20 children´s family members with sickle cell disease. A form was used before and 30 days after medical consultation (pre- and post-test). The booklet was given to the family member on the day of the consultation. Analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 20 with the Shapiro-Wilk, Student’s t, McNemar’s chi-square and Odds Ratio statistical tests. Results: all participants were female, mostly mothers aged 20 to 30 years with high school education. The analysis revealed increase in the number of correct answers after reading the booklet with statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion: the reading of the booklet and the strategies used to encourage it contributed to increase the knowledge of family members about some disease aspects, enabling them to better deal with this disease.

scholarly journals Inter-gender differences in the formation of anteroposterior spinal curvatures in people practicing ballroom dancing

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Puszczałowska-Lizis ◽  
Marzena Mól ◽  
Jarosław Omorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Compensation Ratio ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the formation of the spinal anteroposterior curvatures in people practicing ballroom dancing. Methods: The study group comprised 98 people practicing ballroom dancing (58 W, 40 M; aged 35–45 years). Digital inclinometer “Baseline” was used as primary research tool. The data were analyzed based on Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Statistically significant inter-gender differences were in the values of angles determining inclination of lumbosacral section of the spine (p < 0.001), the lumbar lordosis curvature (p < 0.001) as well as the compensation ratio (p = 0.002). Statistically significant dependences between the types body posture and gender (p = 0.005) were noted. Conclusions: Women practicing ballroom dancing are distinguished with increased inclination of lumbosacral section of the spine and deeper lumbar lordosis, while men are characterized with shallowed lumbar lordosis. Women are more likely to have lordotic body posture while men are characterized by balanced body posture. The prevalence of body posture subtypes is not dependent on gender.

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