scholarly journals Gender Differences in Cancer Screening Beliefs, Behaviors, and Willingness to Participate

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna L. Davis ◽  
Kyrel L. Buchanan ◽  
Ralph V. Katz ◽  
B. Lee Green
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Random Digit ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Men have higher cancer mortality rates for all sites combined compared with women. Cancer screening (CS) participation is important for the early detection of cancer. This study explores gender differences in CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness to participate. The data were collected from a stratified, random-digit dial survey of adults living in New York, Maryland, and Puerto Rico. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were computed to analyze gender associations among CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness variables. Men and women believed that CSs were effective, though a higher percentage of men had never had a past CS. Men were less willing to participate in a CS at the present time and in a skin cancer exam; however, when given descriptions of screening conditions, men indicated more willingness to participate. These gender differences highlight the need for health professionals to examine their efforts in providing enhanced CS promotion and education among men.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Perception of and Willingness to Participate in Organ Donation - Experiences of Immigrants From Bosnia and Herzegovina Living in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferid Krupic ◽  
Kemal Grbic ◽  
Olof Westin ◽  
Eleonor Svantesson ◽  
Eric Hamrin Senorski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Organ Donations ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract BackgroundOrgan donation is a personal choice and many ethical, legal, medical, organisational and social factors are involved. It is possible to transplant some organs from live donors and others only from deceased donors. Nevertheless, the shortage of organs worldwide is a problem. Gender differences may cause decission and willingnes to organ donation. Methods A total of 60 informants (30 men and 30 women), born in Bosnia and Herzegovina and living in Sweden were available for follow-up. Data was collected by a questionnaire and statisticaly analysed according to the chi-square test, the D’Agostino-Pearson test for checking normality of continuous data distribution and, based on the distribution of results, Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results The result showed that significant differences between men and women was highest in the question about definition of transplantation (p<0.0001), information about organ donation (p<0.0001), knowledge about OD (p<0.0001), importance about OD (p<0.003), religious permitting to OD (p=0.0001), religious opposite to OD (p=0.0007), donate to a special person or not (p=0.0062), religion as factor to donate (p=0.0007). It was not better in question about having the donor card (p<0.0001). ConclusionsWomen were found to have more positive attitudes toward organ donation than men. Different socioeconomic factors, cultural beliefs, a higher level of religiousness, a higher level of information and knowledge about organ donation, as well as the ownership of donor cards, may result in a better perception of and willingness to participate organ donation. More knowledge of the religious understanding of organ donations and the reduction in prejudice among respondents would make the awareness and desire for organ donation even greater.

scholarly journals The gender differences as a risk factor in diabetic patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Belice ◽  
Ismail Demir
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
First Time

Background and Objectives: In a Turkish cohort study, we revealed first time in literature the gender differences in admis- sion to hospital and rates of mortality for diabetic patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The demographics, length of stay, mortality rates and concomitant chronic metabolic diseases of 152 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were found in our hospital electronic document system (Probel) and recorded in excel files for further statistical analysis. Results: In the mortality group (n:22), the numbers of men and women were 9 (40.9%) and 4 (18.2%), respectively. Compar- ing gender rates in diabetic group, the mortality risk of diabetic men was higher and statistically significant (p<0.05, Pearson Chi-square value:7.246). Conclusion: We hope that the findings of this research will give scientists an idea of gender differences in viral pandemics for further studies.

Explosions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Douglas Bomberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
One Step ◽  
Do So ◽  
Laws And Regulations

On 2 April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson urged Congress to enter the European war, and Congress voted to do so on Friday, 6 April. On the 15th of that month, Victor released the Original Dixieland Jazz Band’s record of “Livery Stable Blues” and “Dixieland Jass Band One-Step”; it caused an immediate nationwide sensation. James Reese Europe travelled to Puerto Rico in search of woodwind players for the Fifteenth New York Regiment Band, and the Creole Band ended its vaudeville career when it missed the train to Portland, Maine. German musicians in the United States came under increased scrutiny in the weeks after the declaration of war, as the country prepared to adopt new laws and regulations for wartime.

scholarly journals Determining the perception of a lung cancer screening programme among high-risk patients in a tertiary referral centre, Kuala Lumpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Wei Hao Kok ◽  
Andrea Ban Yu-Lin ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Faisal Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Screening Programme

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. The rising prevalence of lung cancer suggests the need to consider disease screening for early detection, especially in the high-risk population, as it offers the best chance of cure. Objectives: The study aims to determine the willingness of high-risk respondents to participate in a lung cancer screening programme if made available to them, and to determine their attitude towards lung cancer screening and explore factors that might affect participation in a screening programme. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study over 6 months conducted in adult patients attending medical clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) using face-to-face administered questionnaires. Results: In total 180 respondents were analysed. There were 177 (98.3%) males. Mean age was 59.8 ± 9.1 years. Of the respondents, 138 (76.7%) had poor knowledge about cancer screening. Former smokers comprised 119 (66.1%) of the participants, and 61 (33.9%) were current smokers. In total, 141 (78.3%) respondents indicated willingness to participate in a lung cancer screening programme. Out of this group, 68 (48.2%) respondents were unwilling to pay for the procedure. Only 18 (12.8%) were unwilling to undergo lung cancer treatment if detected early. Conclusions: Awareness about general cancer screening is low. Our study showed that when informed of their high-risk status, respondents were willing to participate in lung cancer screening. There should be more health programmes to promote and raise awareness about lung cancer.

Generational differences in the placement of clitic se in New York City Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110165
Author(s):  
Kevin Martillo Viner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Finite Verb ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Aims and objectives: This study analyzes the proclitic and enclitic positions of Spanish clitic se (e.g., ella se quería ir / ella quería irse ‘she wanted to go’) across two generations of Spanish speakers in New York City. In an effort to contribute to ongoing research aimed at better understanding Spanish in the US, the following questions are addressed. In syntactic environments that permit variation, does placement of Spanish se differ between the two generations? From the internal variables identified for this study (nonfinite verb type, finite verb, tense of finite verb, grammatical person, use of se, grammatical mood of finite verb, negation), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? From the external variables identified for this study (national origin, region, areal origins, sex, age, years in US, socioeconomic class, education, English skill, Spanish skill, general Spanish use), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? Design and data: This study is carried out within a variationist-sociolinguistic framework and the sample consists of 50 participants, 25 from the first generation (G1) and 25 from the second (G2). Analysis: Bivariate chi-square tests are performed in order to determine what internal and external variables constrain placement of the dependent variable (clitic se placement). Findings: Generation has a statistically significant effect on placement ( p = .016), wherein proclisis is more frequent amongst the G2 participants. These results corroborate previous research showing an overall preference for proclisis in both monolingual and bilingual/heritage speakers. Further, chi-square tests pinpoint five conditioning effects for G1 (nonfinite verb type, use of se, finite verb, years in US, and English skill), but only two for G2 (use of se and English skill). Originality and implications: The present study is the first to discover strong correlations between the proclitic position and the numerous internal and external variables quantitatively assessed. Future research is thus warranted.

scholarly journals Increased Hospitalization and Mortality from COVID-19 in Prostate Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Dimple Chakravarty ◽  
Parita Ratnani ◽  
Stanislaw Sobotka ◽  
Dara Lundon ◽  
Peter Wiklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mount Sinai Hospital ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Tumor Types

Background: Cancer patients with COVID-19 have a poor disease course. Among tumor types, prostate cancer and COVID-19 share several risk factors, and the interaction of prostate cancer and COVID-19 is purported to have an adverse outcome. Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective study on 286,609 patients who underwent the COVID-19 test at Mount Sinai Hospital system from March 2020 to December 2020. Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests were used to summarize baseline characteristics of categorical data, and Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Univariable logistic regression analysis to compare the hospitalization and mortality rates and the strength of association was obtained by the odds ratio and confidence interval. Results: This study aimed to compare hospitalization and mortality rates between men with COVID-19 and prostate cancer and those who were COVID-19-positive with non-prostate genitourinary malignancy or any solid cancer, and with breast cancer patients. We also compared our studies to others that reported the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in prostate cancer patients. Our studies highlight that patients with prostate cancer had higher susceptibility to COVID-19-related pathogenesis, resulting in higher mortality and hospitalization rates. Hospitalization and mortality rates were higher in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 when compared with COVID-19 patients with non-prostate genitourinary (GU) malignancies.

scholarly journals 157. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Carbapenem Stewardship at a Large Community Hospital in Brooklyn, New York

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S88-S88
Author(s):  
Samuel Simon ◽  
Rosanna Li ◽  
Yu Shia Lin ◽  
Suri Mayer ◽  
Edward Chapnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative organisms are a continuously mounting threat, underscoring the need for effective antimicrobial stewardship interventions to improve the use of carbapenems. We sought to implement several multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship interventions beginning in January 2019 in an effort to reduce unnecessary meropenem use and the incidence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negatives. Methods Prospective audit and feedback was utilized daily in combination with weekly stewardship rounds between an Infectious Diseases pharmacist and physician in the Intensive Care Units. A second Infectious Diseases physician attended weekly interdisciplinary rounds on meropenem high-use units. Meropenem Days of Therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days and the incidence of meropenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were compared by the chi-square test of proportions. Results Between 2018 and 2019 the institution’s meropenem DOT per 1,000 patient days decreased 33%, from 57 to 38 days per 1,000 patient days (difference, 19 days per 1,000 patient days; p&lt; 0.001). In the hospital antibiogram, the meropenem susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa over the same time period increased from 71% to 77% of isolates (difference, 6%; p = 0.009). A non-significant decrease in the susceptibility of meropenem to Klebsiella pneumoniae was also observed from 92 to 90% (difference, 2%: p = 0.1658). Conclusion These data support the need for antimicrobial stewardship efforts targeting broad-spectrum antimicrobials such as meropenem. In the setting of a sustained decrease in meropenem use over 12 months, we observed a significant improvement in the percent susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to meropenem for the first time in five years. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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