Study on the Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation in the Case of Adama City of Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Background this study was conducted to explore the ecosystem services of urban forests in Adama city, central Ethiopia. Attempts were made to quantify the carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal and hydrological benefits of urban trees. The urban forest structure and composition of the city was surveyed and analyzed. The i-Tree Eco Model was employed to analyze the ecosystem services based on the current urban forests structure of the city. Results the result revealed that the urban trees of the Adama city stored a total of 116,000 tons of carbon. The tree species identified with higher CO2 sequestration per year were Melia azedarach (15%), Eucalyptusglobulus (8%), Carica papaya (7%), and Delonix regia (6%). In addition, 22%, 12%, 10% and 4% of carbon were stored by Eucalyptus globulus, Melia azedarach, Carica papaya and Delonix regia tree species respectively. Moreover, trees and shrubs species in the city removed about 188 thousand tons of air pollutants caused by O3, CO, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2 per year. In Adama, 35% of the urban trees’ volatile organic compaound emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus. The monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 43,781, 3,121 yr− 1 and 320,915,596 USD yr− 1, respectively. Conclusions it was concluded that significant quantity of CO2 and air pollutants were found being removed by the exotic tree and shrub species. However, every plant species found in the city does not mean ecologically important due their VOC emitting nature. Thus, the results of the study are valuable in increasing the awareness of the decision making bodies, the public and any stakeholders of the eco-benefits of urban trees in the mitigation of climate changes.

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Understanding the Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests: Implications for Climate Change Mitigtation in the case of Adama City of Oromiya Region Sate, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-135013/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hingabu Hordofa Koricho ◽

Ararsa Derese Seboka ◽

Fekadu Fufa ◽

Tikabo Gebreyesus ◽

Shaoxian Song

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Pollution Removal ◽

The City

Abstract Background this study was conducted to explore the ecosystem services of urban forests in Adama city, central Ethiopia. Attempts were made to quantify the carbon storage and sequestration, air pollution removal and hydrological benefits of urban trees. The urban forest stracture and composition of the city was surveyed and analyzed. The i-Tree Eco Model was employed to analyze the ecosystem services based on the current urban forests structure of the city. Results the result revealed that the urban trees of the Adama city stored a total of 116,000 tons of carbon. The tree species identified with higher CO2 sequestration per year were Melia azedarach (15%), Eucalyptusglobulus (8%, Carica papaya(7%), and Delonix regia (6%). Approximately 22, 12, 10 and 4% of carbon were stored by Eucalyptus globulus, Melia azedarach, Carica papaya and Delonix regia tree species respectively. Moreover, trees and shrubs spps. in the city removed about 188 thousand tons of air pollutants caused by O3, CO, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2 per year. In Adama, 35% of the urban trees’ VOC emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus. The monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 43,781, 3,121 yr− 1 and 320,915,596 USD yr− 1, respectively. Conclusions it was concluded that significant quantiy of CO2 and air pollutnants were found being removed by the exotic tree and shrub species. However, every plant species found in the city does not mean ecologically important due their VOC emitting nature. Thus, proper planning and inventories of urban forests should be put in place by the key stakeholders such as government, urban foresters and city dwellers as urban trees mitigates climate changes and essential to alleviate urban pollution besides the trees add esthetic value to the city.

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Ecosytem Services Assessment of Urban Forests of Adama City, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hingabu Hordofa Koricho ◽

Ararsa Derese Seboka ◽

Shaoxian Song

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Pollution Removal ◽

The City

Abstract Background: The recent urban challenges due to climate change and urban environment deterioration requires proper planning and inventories of urban forests. In this paper, trees and shrub information were used to estimate leaf area/biomass, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, pollution removal, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, hydrological and functional values of Adama city urban forest. This study was conducted to assess and quantify the ecosystem services of urban forests of Adama city, Central Ethiopia.Results: The result of i-tree Eco model has indicated that the tree species such as Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Carica papaya and Delonix regia sequester high percentage of carbon which is approximately 14.7%, 7.4%, 7.3% and 6.2% of all annually sequestered carbon respectively. Besides, urban forests of the city was estimated to store 116,000 tons of carbon; the most carbons were stored by the species such as Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Delonix regia that stores approximately 22.1%, 12.3%, 9.5% and 4.2% of all stored carbon respectively. Trees in Adama urban forests were estimated to produce 19.93 thousand tons of oxygen per year. It was estimated that trees and shrubs remove 188.3 thousand tons of air pollution due to O3, CO, NO2, PM2.5 and SO2 per year. In the city, 35 percent of the urban forest's VOC emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus. Besides, the monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 16,588,470 ETB/yr, 118,283 ETB /yr and 12,162,701,080. 9 ETB /yr respectively.Conclusion: Urban forest of Adama city has significant contribution in terms of enhancing woody species diversity and the regulation of urban environment of the study area. From the management and conservation perspectives, urban forests of the study area needs consolidated interventions in terms of tree planting in bare areas and management works. Hence, reliable commitment should be demanded form the key stakeholders such as government, urban foresters and city dwellers.

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Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity in Peri-Urban Forest Park Creation: Experience From Eastern Europe

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.618217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Eliana Sevianu ◽

Cristian Valeriu Maloş ◽

Viorel Arghiuş ◽

Nicoleta Brişan ◽

Alexandru Sabin Bǎdǎrǎu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Public Consultation ◽

The Public ◽

Implementation Team ◽

The Social ◽

The City

The social role of peri-urban forests is diversifying, and this implies that peri-urban forests are redesigned to meet and shape social demands. A key challenge is the integration of the social demands for green spaces with the maintenance of key ecosystem structures and processes as well as the biodiversity of the green spaces. In this study, we report our experience and insights gathered through the implementation of a project targeting a peri-urban forest development near the city of Cluj-Napoca. One key particularity of the project was that it was designed by the city hall in cooperation with a major NGO, and the academic sector joined the project in its second stage, with the aim of mainstreaming ecosystem services and biodiversity within a well-established design concept. After comprehensively assessing the biodiversity and ecosystem services of the targeted forest, we found that the ecosystem supply was strongly related to the tree stand structure and the forestry management from the past decades. The public expressed concerns related to the parts of the established development design, which included built structures, artificial lights, toilets, and paved roads, perceiving that these actions will negatively influence the natural environment. We present the modifications undertaken in the project design after the public consultation and deliberation within the implementation team. An anonymous internal evaluation of the implementation team shows appreciation for the human and professional interactions and the resulting innovation and learning opportunities. To improve interdisciplinary collaborations, there is a need for a good institutional support and financial reward, transparency, and good communication within the team. At the end of the “Discussion” section, we present the insights gathered from this interdisciplinary experience in order to guide further similar projects in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Beijing Resident’s Preferences of Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Han Zhi-Ying ◽

Youn Yeo-Chang

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Air Quality ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forestry ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

Quality Regulation ◽

Water Provision ◽

Air Quality Regulation

This paper aims to investigate the Beijing resident’s preferences over various options of urban forest management strategies. The literature investigation and expert Delphi method were conducted to classify the ecosystem services of urban forests into six categories: (1) fresh water provision, (2) noise reduction, (3) moderation of extreme events, (4) air quality regulation, (5) species diversity and wildlife habitat, and (6) recreation and spiritual experience. To elicit the relative preferences to ecosystem service (hereafter referred to as ES) of Beijing residents, we employed the choice experiment method. The data were collected by interviews with questionnaires conducted in October 2017, and a total of 483 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The subjects of this experiment were residents older than 19 years old who have lived in Beijing for more than 1 year and have visited any one of the urban forests located in Beijing more than once during 2016. The results were as follows: Firstly, the air quality regulation ES was considered as the most important service for Beijing residents in terms of their choices of urban forest. In addition, Beijing residents regarded the fresh water provision ES as the second most important ES. Beijing residents were willing to pay up to 1.84% of the average monthly income of Chinese households annually to expand urban forest ecosystems in order to improve air quality. Secondly, apartment owners were willing to pay more municipality tax for forest ESs than residents who did not own an apartment. Thirdly, residents were more willing to pay for urban forest ESs as their income increases. The results indicated that Beijing residents were willing to pay more tax in support of urban forestry for air quality improvement. This research suggests that urban environmental policy makers in Beijing should pay more attention to the regulation function of forests (especially improving air quality) when designing and managing urban forests.

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Spatio-Temporal Changes of Urban Forests and Planning Evolution in a Highly Dynamical Urban Area: The Case Study of Wrocław, Poland

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11010017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska ◽

Maciej Filipiak ◽

Adam Michalski ◽

Anna Napierała-Filipiak

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Spatial Dimension ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

City Centre ◽

Socialist Economy ◽

Urban Green Spaces ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The City

Knowledge about urban forests in Poland is still limited, as it is primarily based on aggregate, formal data relating to the general area, ignoring the spatial dimension and informal green areas. This article describes and analyses spatio-temporal changes in the actual urban forest resources in Wrocław in 1944–2017, which covers the first period of the city’s rebuilding after its destruction during World War II and its development during the nationalised, centrally-planned socialist economy, as well as the second period of intensive and only partly controlled growth under conditions of market economy. The study is based on current and historical orthophotomaps, which were confronted with cartographic data, as well as planning documents. We found that between 1944 and 2017, the percentage contribution of informal woodlands increased tenfold (from 0.5 to 4.9% of the present total area of the city). The area occupied by such forests has grown particularly during the most recent years of the city’s intensive development. However, the forests have been increasingly fragmented. During the first period, new forest areas were also created in the immediate vicinity of the city centre, while during the second one, only in its peripheral sections. The post-war plans regarding the urban green spaces (UGS), including the current plan, are very conservative in nature. On the one hand, this means no interference with the oldest, biggest, and most valuable forest complexes, but on the other hand, insufficient consideration of the intensive built-up area expansion on former agriculture areas. Only to a limited extent did the above-mentioned plans take into account the informal woodlands, which provide an opportunity for strengthening the functional connectivity of landscape.

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Urban Trees and Water Use in Arid Climates: Insights from an Integrated Bioeconomic-Health Model

Water Economics and Policy ◽

10.1142/s2382624x18500224 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 1850022 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin A. Jones ◽

John Fleck

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Water Use ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Economic Value ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Value Of Water ◽

Health Model

Managing outdoor water use while maintaining urban tree cover is a key challenge for water managers in arid climates. Urban trees generate flows of ecosystem services in arid areas, but also require significant amounts of irrigation. In this paper, a bioeconomic-health model of trees and water use is developed to investigate management of an urban forest canopy when irrigation is costly, water has economic value, and trees provide ecosystem services. The optimal tree irrigation decision is illustrated for Albuquerque, New Mexico, an arid Southwest US city. Using a range of monetary values for water, we find that the tree irrigation decision is sensitive to the value selected. Urban deforestation is optimal when the value of water is sufficiently high, or alternatively starts low, but grows to cross a specific threshold. If, however, the value of water is sufficiently low or if the value of tree cover rises over time, then deforestation is not optimal. The threshold value of water where the switch is made between zero and partial deforestation is well within previously identified ranges on actual water values. This model can be applied generally to study the tradeoffs between urban trees and water use in arid environments.

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Assessing the vulnerability of urban forests to climate change

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2013-0078 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 311-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. Ordóñez ◽

P.N. Duinker

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Species Selection ◽

General Notion ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Vulnerability Assessments ◽

Climate Vulnerability

Climate adaptation is being embraced by many municipalities worldwide. An element of this is the planting and protection of urban trees. However, the fact that climate change will also have an impact on urban trees has been largely overlooked. We argue that climate vulnerability assessments are necessary for addressing climate adaptation in urban forests and contribute to successful climate adaptation in cities. We review and integrate the literature on climate vulnerability and urban forests to explore how the general notion of urban forest vulnerability to climate change can be developed into an operational framework for undertaking a vulnerability assessment. The framework characterizes climate exposure, impact, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, as well as nonclimatic drivers and factors, in urban forests. The most important themes in this discussion include urban tree species selection and diversity, naturalization, resource access, social awareness and engagement, budget and economic valuation, liability issues, and governance structures. Climate change vulnerability assessments help us understand how and why urban forests are vulnerable to climate change, identify future areas for research, and determine what adaptation measures could be included in urban forest management. These assessments help bring climate change to the forefront of the decision-making process and contribute to successful urban adaptation to climate change.

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ASSESSING URBAN FOREST CANOPY COVER IN GREAT PLAIN CONSERVATION AREA (DÜZCE CITY, TURKEY) BETWEEN 1984 AND 2015

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w5-2021-539-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽

pp. 539-544

Author(s):

Z. Uçar ◽

R. Eker ◽

A. Aydin

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Urban Trees ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Urban Tree ◽

Tree Canopy Cover ◽

Urban Tree Canopy

Abstract. Urban trees and forests are essential components of the urban environment. They can provide numerous ecosystem services and goods, including but not limited to recreational opportunities and aesthetic values, removal of air pollutants, improving air and water quality, providing shade and cooling effect, reducing energy use, and storage of atmospheric CO2. However, urban trees and forests have been in danger of being lost by dense housing resulting from population growth in the cities since the 1950s, leading to increased local temperature, pollution level, and flooding risk. Thus, determining the status of urban trees and forests is necessary for comprehensive understanding and quantifying the ecosystem services and goods. Tree canopy cover is a relatively quick, easy to obtain, and cost-effective urban forestry metric broadly used to estimate ecosystem services and goods of the urban forest. This study aimed to determine urban forest canopy cover areas and monitor the changes between 1984–2015 for the Great Plain Conservation area (GPCA) that has been declared as a conservation Area (GPCA) in 2017, located on the border of Düzce City (Western Black Sea Region of Turkey). Although GPCA is a conservation area for agricultural purposes, it consists of the city center with 250,000 population and most settlement areas. A random point sampling approach, the most common sampling approach, was applied to estimate urban tree canopy cover and their changes over time from historical aerial imageries. Tree canopy cover ranged from 16.0% to 27.4% within the study period. The changes in urban canopy cover between 1984–1999 and 1999–2015 were statistically significant, while there was no statistical difference compared to the changes in tree canopy cover between 1984–2015. The result of the study suggested that an accurate estimate of urban tree canopy cover and monitoring long-term canopy cover changes are essential to determine the current situation and the trends for the future. It will help city planners and policymakers in decision-making processes for the future of urban areas.

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Miami-Dade County’s Urban Forests and Their Ecosystem Services

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr347-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Escobedo ◽

Joy Klein ◽

Micah Pace ◽

Henry Mayer ◽

Sebastian Varela

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Real Estate ◽

Natural Resource ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Dade County ◽

Fact Sheet

The urban forest in Miami-Dade County reduces air pollution, controls stormwater, reduces crime, increases real estate values, and improves livability. This 14-page fact sheet can be used by urban foresters, residents, and planners to better understand and maximize the benefits of this important natural resource. Written by Francisco Escobedo, Joy Klein, Micah Pace, Henry Mayer, and Sebastian Varela, and published by the UF Department of School of Forest Resources and Conservation, July 2011. (UF/IFAS Photo by Eric Zamora) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr347

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RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF JASA EKOSISTEM (STUDI KASUS RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU KAWASAN PERKOTAAN YOGYAKARTA)

10.31237/osf.io/f4epw ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

GISKA PARWA MANIKASARI

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Urban Area ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Open Space ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Open Spaces ◽

City Parks ◽

Highest Weight

Green Open Spaces have a variety of ecosystem services of which can be utilized by society. This study aims are to identify green open space criteria value for determining ecosystem services, to study the conditions and distributions of ecosystem service potentials of Green Open Spaces in Urban Area of Yogyakarta, and optimize Green Open Spaces in the Urban Area of Yogyakarta in the perspective of ecosystem services. The research locations included Green Open Spaces of Urban Area of Yogyakarta consisting of urban forests type, city parks, river borders, and road greenbelts, comprising of twelve research locations. The identification of the criteria for Green Open Spaces was done using the expert judgment and pairwise comparison methods resulting in weight values. In each observation location, a plot was made for monitoring the conditions of each Green Open Space criterion using a score. The data from the field and the assessment by experts were analyzed by means of scoring analysis to find out the level of ecosystem services in each research location and they were further descriptively and deductively analyzed by taking account of the area allotment and the available regulations to attain the conditions of Green Open Spaces with optimal ecosystem services. The results of the study show that of the sixteen criteria under study, each plays a role in ecosystem services. The values of ecosystem services of Green Open Spaces in KPY show different values for each type of Green Open Spaces. In general, the types of urban forests, including Urban Forest of Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, and Arboretum of Gembira Loka Zoo, have ecosystem services in the high category for the eleven ecosystem services, while the types of Green Open Spaces of city parks, including Denggung Park, Gajah Wong Educational Park, and Lalu Lintas Park, and riverbanks, including Code’s riverbank, Gajah Wong’s riverbank, and Winongo’s riverbank, on the average have ecosystem service va lues in the moderate category, and the types of Green Open Spaces of street greenbelts, including greenbelt of Jalan Magelang, greenbelt of Jalan Cik Di Tiro, and greenbelt of Jalan Malioboro, all have ecosystem service values in the low category. Based on the results, optimalize Green Open Spaces in KPY in the perspective of ecosystem services can be done by optimizing each criteria with the highest weight value adjusted to the allotment of each type of Green Open Spaces and the regulations related to Green Open Spaces.

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