Exogenous melatonin Action on hormonal levels, implantation sites and Mel1a receptor expression and PRL-II in ovaries of pinealectomized rats induced hyperprolactinemia

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of exogenous melatonin and the induction of hyperprolactinemia on estrogen, prolactin and progesterone levels, implantation sites and expression of Mel1a and PRL-II receptors in pinealectomized rats ovaries, during the third Initial pregnancy. We Used 35 rats divided into groups: I-rats Sham-pinealectomized (Sham); II – pinealectomized rats (P); III-pinealectomized rats treated with melatonin (P + Honey); IV-pinealectomized rats treated with domperidone (P + Domp); Pinealectomized V-rats treated with melatonin and domperidone (P + Honey/Domp); VI-rats treated with saline + ethanol (placebo honey) and VII-rats treated with saline solution (placebo domp). Melatonin (200μg/100g) and/or Domperidone (4mg/kg) was applied until the 7th day of gestation. The expression of the MEL1A receptor was low in the ovaries of rats P and P + Mel. The PRL-II receptor did not present differences between the groups as well as in the estrogen levels. Prolactin levels were elevated in rats treated with domperidone, while progesterone showed low levels in rats P and P + Domp. The weight and number of implantation sites were reduced in rats P and P + Mel, with no alteration in the weight of the ovaries. Thus, it is concluded that Hyperprolactinemia promotes an increase in the expression of the Mel1a receptor in the ovaries, at the beginning of pregnancy in pinealectomized rats, however without altering the expression of the PRLII receptor. In These animals, prolactin levels were kept elevated regardless of the presence or absence of melatonin, but there seems to be a synergistic effect when melatonin is associated with hyperprolactinemia and that melatonin is a preponderant factor for Maintenance of progesterone levels. Prolactin seems to play an important role during the implantation process.

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ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0400254 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 254-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. H. Bassøe ◽

R. Emberland ◽

E. Glück ◽

K. F. Støa

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Adrenal Cortex ◽

Artificial Ventilation ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Adrenocortical Function ◽

The Third ◽

Low Levels ◽

Pituitary Lesion ◽

Steroid Excretion ◽

The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

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A paradoxical synergism between Resveratrol and copper (II) with respect to degradation of DNA and RNA

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.7202.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Siddharth Subramaniam ◽

Iqbal Vohra ◽

Aishwarya Iyer ◽

Naveen K Nair ◽

Indraneel Mittra

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Dna Cleaving ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Fixed Concentration ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Low Levels

Resveratrol (R), a plant polyphenol, is known to reduce Cu (II) to Cu (I) generating reactive oxygen species that can cleave plasmid DNA. Here we report a surprising observation of a paradoxical synergistic effect between R and Cu whereby plasmid DNA cleaving / degrading activity of R-Cu increased progressively as the ratio of R to Cu was increased i.e., the concentration of Cu was successively reduced with respect to a fixed concentration R. Whereas cleavage of plasmid DNA occurred at low molar ratios of R to Cu, at higher ratios, complete degradation of DNA was achieved. By further increasing the ratio, whereby the concentration of Cu was reduced to very low levels, the DNA degrading activity of R-Cu was lost. This paradoxical synergistic effect is also seen with respect to eukaryotic genomic DNA and RNA. Since R-Cu may have anti-cancer and anti-viral activities, our findings may not only help to improve the therapeutic efficacy of R-Cu but also reduce its toxic side effects with the use of low concentration of Cu.

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Interferon-gamma upregulates interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor expression in human endothelial cells and synergizes with IL-3 in stimulating major histocompatibility complex class II expression and cytokine production

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v86.1.176.bloodjournal861176 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 176-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

EI Korpelainen ◽

JR Gamble ◽

WB Smith ◽

M Dottore ◽

MA Vadas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Stimulating Factor

The human interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor is constitutively expressed on certain hematopoietic cells where it mediates proliferation and differentiation, or functional activation. We have recently found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) also express IL-3 receptors and that the expression is enhanced by stimulation with the monokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. In this report we show that the lymphokine interferon gamma (IFN gamma) is a powerful stimulator of the IL-3 receptor of HUVECs and that the combination of IL-3 and IFN gamma has a synergistic effect on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and on the production of the early-acting hematopoietic cytokines IL-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). IFN gamma caused a time- and dose-dependent up-regulation of mRNA for both the alpha and beta chains of the IL-3 receptor, with maximal effects occurring 12 to 24 hours after stimulation with IFN gamma at 100 U/mL. Induction of mRNA correlated with protein expression on the cell surface, as judged by monoclonal antibody staining of both receptor chains and by the ability of HUVEC to specifically bind 125I- labeled IL-3 (125I-IL-3). Scatchard analysis of HUVECs stimulated with IFN gamma at 100 U/mL for 24 hours showed approximately 6,300 IL-3 receptors per cell that were of a high affinity class (dissociation constant [kd] = 500 pmol/L) only. The addition of IL-3 to IFN gamma- treated HUVECs strongly enhanced the expression of MHC class II antigen. Importantly, IFN gamma and IL-3 also exhibited a synergistic effect in the induction of the mRNA for G-CSF and IL-6. This was reflected in increased amounts of G-CSF and IL-6 protein in HUVEC supernatants. In contrast, IFN gamma and IL-3 did not stimulate granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-8 production in HUVECs. These results show that IFN gamma is a strong stimulator of IL-3 receptor expression in HUVECs and suggest that in vivo T-cell activation, causing the concomitant production of IFN gamma and IL-3, may lead to enhanced endothelial MHC class II expression and to the selective production of early-acting hematopoietic cytokines. Thus, IL-3 could influence immunity and hematopoiesis by acting not only on hematopoietic cells, but also on vascular endothelium.

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Can Collagenase Be Used in the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis?

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000503086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 174-180

Author(s):

Nazım Karahan ◽

Güzelali Ozdemir ◽

Duygu Kolukısa ◽

Serda Duman ◽

Fatih Arslanoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Adhesive Capsulitis ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Male Rats ◽

Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum ◽

Joint Cartilage ◽

The Third ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Shoulder Range

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subacromial injections of collagenase and corticosteroid in rats with experimentally induced adhesive capsulitis. Method: Thirty adult Wistar albino male rats were distributed into 3 groups of 10 rats each after stabilization of their shoulders for 3 weeks: the first group received a single dose of 0.002 mg (0.25 mL) subacromial collagenase; the second group received a single dose of 1.60 mg (0.25 mL) subacromial steroid, and the third group received a single dose of 0.25 mL subacromial saline solution. One week later, we investigated shoulder range of motions, collagen content of the shoulder, and joint cartilage structure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the cartilage damage between the groups (p > 0.05). Fibrosis measurements were significantly lower in the collagenase group than in the steroid and saline groups. There was no significant difference in fibrosis between the steroid and saline groups (p > 0.05). Abduction measurements were significantly higher in the collagenase group than in the steroid and saline groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the abduction measurements was observed between the saline and steroid groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We observed that subacromial injections of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum effectively treated adhesive capsulitis. The results suggest that this treatment could be considered for use in patients with an intact rotator cuff.

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The comparison of methylene blue and vitamin E in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn models: Biochemical and histopathologic evaluation

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502011000100010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hamit Yildiz ◽

Ali Said Durmus ◽

Halil Simsek ◽

Ihsan Yaman

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Uterine Horn ◽

Postoperative Adhesion ◽

Mononuclear Cell Infiltration ◽

The Third ◽

Methylen Blue ◽

Histopathologic Evaluation ◽

Adhesion Model

Purpose: To compare the effects of vitamin E and 1% methylen blue solutions on prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in rats. Methods: Thirty seven female Spraque Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. First group was kept as sham operated group. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn of the other groups. The lesion areas of rats from the second, the third and the fourth groups were coated with 2 ml 0.9 % saline solution (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (VE group) and 1% methylen blue solutions (MB group), respectively. Results: Histopathologically, adhesion scores, mononuclear cell infiltration, oedema and fibrosis were more prominent in the MB group compared with C and VE groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and glutation (GSH) level, these parameters were slightly increased in group with VE supplementation though. The administration of VE and MB significantly decreased NO (P<0.01) levels when compared to the C group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the VE group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the Sh and C groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal methylen blue solutions treatments were more effective according to vitamin E in preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in a rat uterine horn model.

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Regional Anaesthesia for Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate—Which Method and Which Segments?

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x7400200307 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 240-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. I. Evans

Keyword(s):

Regional Anaesthesia ◽

Thoracic Segment ◽

The Third ◽

Caudal Analgesia ◽

Lumbar Segment ◽

Low Levels

Four methods of regional anaesthesia for trans-urethral prostatectomy were compared in 350 patients. Complete analgesia was produced in all cases where the level of the block reached the third lumbar segment. Caudal analgesia was unreliable because of the low levels achieved. It is likely that the “capsular sign “is lost if the level reaches the tenth thoracic segment. Anatomical explanations are considered.

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Two types of TATA elements for the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.11.2.666 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 666-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

W Z Li ◽

F Sherman

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Start Codon ◽

Nucleotide Position ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

The Third ◽

Direct Initiation ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Levels ◽

Alpha Type

Functional TATA elements in the 5' untranslated region of the CYC1 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been defined by transcriptional analysis of site-directed mutations. Five sites previously suggested to contain functional TATA elements were altered individually and in all possible combinations. The results indicated that only two elements are required for transcription at the normal level and the normal start sites. The two functional TATA elements are located at sites -178 and -123, where the A of the ATG start codon is assigned nucleotide position +1. They direct initiation within windows encompassing -70 to -46 and -46 to -28, respectively. Only when both of the upstream TATA sites were rendered nonfunctional were the third and fourth downstream TATA-like sequences activated, as indicated by the presence of low levels of transcription starting at -28. The two upstream functional TATA elements differed in sequence. The sequence of the most 5' one at site 1, denoted beta-type, was ATATATATAT, whereas that of the second one at site 2, denoted alpha-type, was TATATAAAA. The following rearrangements of the beta-type and alpha-type elements at two sites (1 and 2) were examined: site1 beta-site2 alpha; site 1 alpha-site 2 beta; site1 alpha-site2 alpha; and site1 beta-site2 beta. When different types were at different sites (site1 beta-site2 alpha and site1 alpha-site2 beta), both were used equally. In contrast, when the same type was present at both sites (site1 alpha-site2 alpha and site1 beta-site2 beta), only the upstream element was used. We suggest that the two TATA elements are recognized by different factors of the transcription apparatus.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF GREASE ON THE SYNERGY OF ITS COMPOSITION WITH PTFE POWDER AND COPPER POWDER

Tribologia ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.7579 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 265 (1) ◽

pp. 45-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stanisław KRAWIEC ◽

Michał KRAWIEC ◽

Tadeusz LEŚNIEWSKI

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Copper Powder ◽

Confidence Level ◽

Solid Lubricants ◽

Test Results ◽

Extreme Pressure ◽

The Third ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test ◽

Lubricating Properties

Studies of the influence of the type of grease on the synergistic effect of its compositions with PTFE powder and of copper during the lubrication of steel sliding pairs working in mixed friction area of were presented. Two greases, car grease 1S with a lithium thickener and grease STP with calcium thickener, were adopted for analysis. As fillers in the two lubricants, powders of two solid lubricants were PTFE and copper were used. Three lubricating compositions were tested for each of the adopted greases. Two compositions contained one filler of 5% by weight, and the third composition contained the two fillers in the same proportion (5% each). The lubricating properties of the adopted compositions were evaluated based on an experiment conducted with the use of a four–ball extreme pressure tester according to the standard PN-76/ C04147. The effectiveness of the analysed lubricants was evaluated according to four criterion values (wear of the balls d, fusion point Fz, limit wear load Goz, and wear index Ih). The results were statistically handled at the confidence level of 95% using Student’s t-test. The developed test results are shown graphically. Appropriate conclusions were drawn.

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A Study on The Second Year Students’ Ability to Comprehend Reading Text Based on The Level of Comprehension Questions at SMAN 1 Sijunjung

Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic ◽

10.36057/jips.v5i1.455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 140-144

Author(s):

Yessy Marzona

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reading Test ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The Third ◽

Reading Text ◽

Low Levels ◽

Second Year ◽

Cluster Random Sampling ◽

Low Ability

This research was designed to describe the ability of the second year students to comprehend reading text according to the levels of question at SMAN 1 Sijunjung. To be more specific it aimed at describing students’ ability to comprehend reading text according to the levels of comprehension questions. This research was descriptive research. The population of this research was the second year students at SMAN 1 Sijunjung. The number of members of population was 165 students. The researcher took 80 students as the sample. In selecting sample, the researcher used stratified cluster random sampling technique. The data of this research were the students’ scores on comprehending text according to the levels of question. To take the data, the researcher used reading test. In analyzing the data, there were some steps she used: the first was presentation of raw scores and calculation of Mean and Standard Deviation. The second was classifying the students’ ability into high, moderate, and low ability. The third was determining the percentage of the students who had high, moderate, and low ability. The result of the data analysis showed that the ability of the second year students to comprehend reading text according to the levels of question at SMAN 1 Sijunjung was moderate. It was proved by the fact that 41 students (51.25%) had moderate ability. Specifically, the ability of the students to comprehend reading text at the level of comprehension questions was moderate. . It was proved by the fact that 55 students (68.75%) had moderate ability. Based on the findings above, it was suggested that the teachers give more exercises, beginning from the low levels of question to the high levels of question. It was also suggested to the teachers that they must promote a discussion to answer the questions on the texts being taught.

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ETHICS AND THE PUBLIC FUNCTION: EVALUATION OF LEGISLATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN MEXICO

10.31219/osf.io/zc32j ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Medel-Ramírez

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Function Evaluation ◽

The Public ◽

The Third ◽

Ethics Of Responsibility ◽

Low Levels ◽

Effectiveness Index ◽

Legislative Effectiveness ◽

Very High ◽

Chamber Of Deputies

This paper addresses the study of the ethics of responsibility in the legislative function of the Chamber of Deputies of the H. Congress of the Union, from the perspective of evaluating the work of federal deputies, and seeks to answer the following question: Is the work of the Federal Deputies in the Chamber of Deputies efficient? The purpose is how to measure and evaluate the performance in the legislative function of the Federal Deputies? and with that, to approach to identify if is the work performed by these public representatives efficient and ethical? The work is integrated in three parts. The first is the concept of the ethics of responsibility and the legislative function. In the second section, the proposal of an indicator to measure legislative efficiency is presented and the case of the federal deputies of the LXI Legislature representing the State of Veracruz of Ignacio de la Llave is analyzed. Finally, the third part presents a proposal for citizen action based on information on legislative efficiency and the need to demand compliance with ethical responsibility in the legislative function. As important conclusions of the evaluation of the legislative efficiency of the federal deputies of the LXI Legislature, it shows at least two important results: i) The legislative effectiveness index (IEL) shows very low levels, both at the plenary level of the Chamber of Deputies, as at the level of the study group of federal deputies representing the State of Veracruz. ii) In both cases, they show a very high legislative lag index. An alternative is the citizen's demand for ethical compliance with responsibility in the legislative function when knowing the evaluation of results, which serves as a reference to identify scenarios of political choice based on results.

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