Prognostic factors associating with depression score in male patients; Inflammation, oxidative stress and serum copper and zinc: A cross-sectional study
Abstract BackgroundThe prevalence of depression increased about 18% during a 10-year period between 2005 and 2015. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum zinc and copper, PAB, SOD and hsCRP in men with depression.MethodsIn this study, 3768 men, were recruited as part of MASHAD study. Demographic, anthropometric and metabolic data measured and recorded for all subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for assessing depression in all participants. Serum zinc and copper concentration, hs-CRP, PAB (Pro-oxidant- Antioxidant Balance), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) were measured in all subjects.Results:The mean level of copper in males with depression is significantly lower than normal males (p < 0.05); despite the lower level of zinc in depressed subjects, this was not significant (p > 0.05). The median of hs-CRP and mean of PAB were significantly higher in depressed subjects (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) for an association of serum zinc, copper, hs-CRP, SOD and PAB with depression in males. The subjects with a serum copper < 80 µg/dl (Q1) had a 1.337 (1.13–1.582) higher chance of depression and the chance of depression increased 1.021(1.013–1.029) with elevating 1 mg/l of serum hs-CRP. 1.021(1.013–1.029). These data remained the same after adjustment for each other’s. Furthermore, our results strongly suggested that hs-CRP and copper were the independent risk factors for depression in male patients.Conclusion:Inflammation and copper status, not zinc concentration, are two factors that may play a role in depression in male patients.