A Study of the Predictors of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Mothers During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background and Purpose: Breastfeeding has a vital role in ensuring the health of mother and infant, and ultimately the health of society. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a strong predictor of the duration of breastfeeding, which in a variety of situations - including crises - may be affected by a number of factors. The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in breastfeeding mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 300 breastfeeding mothers whose children were breastfed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sampling was based on convenience sampling and online method using a checklist of personal and social characteristics and breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaires, spouse postpartum social support, perceived social support, anxiety and depression, and fear of Covid-19. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and multi variable linear regression model via stepwise method. Significance level in this study was considered to be 0.05.Results: The mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score among participants was 58.19±10.48 (out of 70). Spouse postpartum social support (β = 0.732, p =0.04), intention to breastfeed (p = 0.001, β = 0.17), use of formula while breastfeeding (β = - 0.09, p<0.001), and depression (β = - 0.11, p<0.001), were predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy. But fear of Covid-19 was not significantly correlated with breastfeeding self-efficacy (p = 0.514).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that spouse postpartum social support and having the intention of breastfeeding with a positive effect; and depression and simultaneous use of formula in feeding the infant with a negative effect; are predictors of women’s breastfeeding self-efficacy during the Covid-19 pandemic. It seems that breastfeeding can be improved by counseling to improve receiving the spouse support, increasing the breastfeeding intent, and reducing the depression.

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Social Support or Organizational Support: Which One Is More Predictive of Job Burnout in workers?

Journal of Community Health Research ◽

10.18502/jchr.v9i4.4979 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farokhlegha Servat ◽

Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad ◽

Masoumeh Abbasi-Shavazi ◽

Ali Dehghani

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Effective Factor ◽

Strong Positive Relationship

Introduction: Social and organizational supports are effective factors closely related to job burnout and Due to the limited studies in this area on Iranian workers, this study aims to determine the predictability of social support and organizational support in job burnout for workers in Yazd. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 textile workers in Yazd through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by the tools including demographic characteristics, questionnaires of social support, organizational support, and Maslach's job burnout. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the multiple linear regression. The Significance level of tests was considered as p <0.05. Results: There was a significant strong positive relationship between job burnout and emotional exhaustion (r = 0.88) .There was found a significant negative correlation between job burnout and social support (r =- 0.390), friend support (-0.401), family supoert (-0.218), important others support (- 0.283) (p <0.001 (. Multiple linear egression analysis showed that friends, the family, explained 17.8% of job burnout changes, and important people (R2=0.178, p<0.001) whereas support from friends was the strongest effective factor for job burnout (β= - 0.338, p <0.001). 35.9% of the changes in job burnout were explained by social and organizational support (R2= 0.359, p<0.001) with organizational support being the strongest effective factor on job burnout (β= - 0.472, p<0.001). Conclusion: Given that organizational support was the most significant predictor of job burnout in workers, developing organizational intervention to increase support in workplace can be regarded as strategies to reduce or slow down job burnout among workers.

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Relationship between perceived social support and self stigma in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00207640211001886 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002076402110018

Author(s):

Yeliz Karaçar ◽

Kerime Bademli

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Mental Health Center ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Skill Training ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Support Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

Background: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-stigmatization and perceived social support in caregivers of schizophrenia with patient. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study sample consisted of 84 participants who cared for schizophrenic patients registered in a community mental health center. In the data collection, the ‘Self-stigmatizing Scale for Families’ and ‘Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale’ were used. The data were analyzed via frequency, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha analysis, linear regression, Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA test. Results: Self-stigmatization (32.48 ± 15.15) and perceived social support (44.36 ± 22.88) were found to be moderate in caregivers. Self-stigmatization was found to be higher in caregivers who do not work; have a spouse, mother, or father; have a disease; do not receive support from their family and have not received any education about schizophrenia ( p < .05). It was determined that, with increasing age, perceived social support decreases, and the perception of social support increases in caregivers who are high school graduates, working, having children, have no illness, and are educated about schizophrenia ( p < .05). It was determined that, as the level of perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases ( p < .05). Conclusion: It was determined that, as the perceived social support increases in caregivers, self-stigmatization decreases. We recommend providing informative support about schizophrenia, to increase hope and social-skill training, and to implement interventions that include caregivers in the fight against stigma.

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Pain-related beliefs are associated with arm function in persons with frozen shoulder

Shoulder & Elbow ◽

10.1177/1758573220921561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 432-440

Author(s):

L De Baets ◽

T Matheve ◽

J Traxler ◽

JWS Vlaeyen ◽

A Timmermans

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Frozen Shoulder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Explained Variance ◽

Arm Function

Background Frozen shoulder is a painful glenohumeral joint condition. Pain-related beliefs are recognized drivers of function in musculoskeletal conditions. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function in frozen shoulder. Methods Pain intensity, arm function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), pain-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)) and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)) were administered in 85 persons with frozen shoulder. Correlation analyses assessed associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function. Regression analysis calculated the explained variance in arm function by pain-related beliefs. Results Pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were significantly associated with arm function (r = 0.51; r = 0.45 and r = −0.69, all p < .0001, respectively). Thirty-one percent of variance in arm function was explained by control variables, with pain intensity being the only significant one. After adding TSK-11, PCS and PSEQ scores to the model, 26% extra variance in arm function was explained, with significant contributions of pain intensity, pain-related fear and pain self-efficacy (R2 = 0.57). Conclusions Attention should be paid towards the negative effect of pain-related fear on outcomes in frozen shoulder and towards building one’s pain self-efficacy given its protective value in pain management.

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Role of Alexithymia, Anxiety, and Depression in Predicting Self-Efficacy in Academic Students

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2017/5798372 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽

Soraya Khafri

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective. Little research is available on the predictive factors of self-efficacy in college students. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of alexithymia, anxiety, and depression in predicting self-efficacy in academic students. Design. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 133 students at Babol University of Medical Sciences (Medicine, Dentistry, and Paramedicine) participated in the study between 2014 and 2015. All participants completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES), and 14 items on anxiety and depression derived from the 28 items of the General Health Questionnaire (28-GHQ). Results. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed negative significant relationships between alexithymia and the three subscales with student self-efficacy. There was no significant correlation between anxiety/depression symptoms and student self-efficacy. A backward multiple regression analysis revealed that alexithymia was a negative significant predictor of self-efficacy in academic students (B=-0.512, P<0.001). The prevalence of alexithymia was 21.8% in students. Multiple backward logistic analysis regression revealed that number of passed semesters, gender, mother’s education, father’s education, and doctoral level did not accurately predict alexithymia in college students. Conclusion. As alexithymia is prevalent in college students and affects self-efficacy and academic functioning, we suggest it should be routinely evaluated by mental physicians at universities.

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Social Support, Self-Care Behaviour and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9111607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1607

Author(s):

Premalatha Paulsamy ◽

Rizwan Ashraf ◽

Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani ◽

Kalaiselvi Periannan ◽

Absar Ahmed Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue that considerably impacts mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc in diabetes management, too, like other spectrums of life. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the effect of Social Support, Self-Care Behaviour and Self-Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) during this COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred T2D patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen using a convenient sampling procedure. The tool consists of four sections, including socio-demographic characteristics, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Scale and modified Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. The mean and SD of diabetic management self-efficacy is 5.74 (1.95) and 4.37 (1.4), respectively, for patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. The self-care activities of the patients who had good glycemic control were 4.31 (2.06) compared to 3.50 (1.73) who did not. The social support received by the patients was 6.13 (2.13) vs. 5.31 (1.67) among patients with glycemic control vs. no control. The results show that social support (p = 0.04), self-efficacy (p =0.01) and self-care activities (p = 0.001) were significantly related to the level of glycemic control of the T2D patients. A significant relationship was also identified between gender (p = 0.036), age (p = 0.001) and education status (p = 0.000) with HbA1c control of the participants. This study demonstrates a significant relationship between social support, self-care behaviours, self-efficacy and glycemic management in T2D patients. During this COVID-19 pandemic, interventions to enhance the self-care activities like exercise and social support to boost their self-efficacy; for better diabetes management, reducing diabetes complications or prolonging their onset are the need of the hour.

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Investigation of Health-Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants Among Students of Medical Sciences in Iran

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 627-633

Author(s):

Mohammad Amiri ◽

Ahmad Khosravi ◽

Niloofar Aboozarzadeh ◽

Leila Khojasteh ◽

Zakieh Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Promoting Lifestyle

Background: A person's lifestyle plays an important role in his health. This study aimed at determining thehealth-promoting lifestyle and its related factors among the medical students of Shahroud Islamic Azad University. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of500 students of medical sciences were selected using the stratified random sampling method and they completed the health-promoting lifestyle, self-efficacy, and well-being questionnaires. The collected data were entered into SPSS 16 and were analyzed with a T-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a backward regression model. Results: The mean age of the students was 22.25±1.45 and 65% of the participants were female. The mean scores of health-promoting lifestyle, well-being, and self-efficacy were 134.1±23.85, 14.41±5.09, and 41.67±8.05, respectively. Among the students, 32.8% had a health disorder and only 2.2% had a high self-efficacy. Well-being and self-efficacy were statistically correlated with the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.001). The results showed that out of 17 independent variables, only 4 variables of educational level, academic year, marital status, well-being were the best predictors of health-promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: More than 90% of students had low self-efficacy and more than 30% of them did not have good well-being. Moreover, the health-promoting lifestyle of students was moderate. More attention to the above areas, such as well-being status and applying required interventions, can help to improve the situation.

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Health Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors in Menopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 128 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fereshte Shabani Asrami ◽

Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Health Promoting Lifestyle

BACKGROUND: Determining health promoting lifestyle behaviors of age-specific groups of women provides valuable information for designing health promotion intervention programs. Hence the present study was conducted to assess health promoting lifestyle behaviors in menopausal women.METHODS: The present descriptive cross-sectional study examined health promoting lifestyle behaviors in 400 menopausal women admitted to health care centers in Neka city-north of Iran-from March 2015 to July 2015. Health promoting lifestyle behaviors were evaluated using a demographic characteristics form and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) through simple convenience sampling. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.RESULTS: The mean score of participants' health promoting lifestyle behaviors was 136.43±19.61, ranging from 88 to 194. The logistic regression test revealed women's health promoting lifestyle behaviors to be significantly related to their place of residence (P=0.009, odds ratio=1.73) and their spouse's level of education (P=0.027, odds ratio=0.58). The Pearson correlation test showed significant relationships between mean score of the six sub-scale of health promoting lifestyle behaviors with each other (P<0.001).CONCLUSION: These findings have implications for addressing the role of men to promote health promoting lifestyle behaviors among rural menopausal women.

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The Correlation of Self-efficacy and Social Support with Social Participation: A Cross Sectional Study among the Elderly

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nasrin Hosseingholizadeh ◽

◽

Roya Sadeghi ◽

Hassan Eftkhar Ardebili ◽

Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Participation ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

General Self Efficacy ◽

Living Area

There is ample evidence that a key contributor to healthy aging is social participation; thus, identifying its determinants can help to improve it. The current study aimed at assessing the relationship between social support and general self-efficacy with social participation. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 (male: 237, female: 219) older adults, aged 60-74 years, who were the member of community centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select the participants. Primarily, Tehran was divided into five areas (i e, North, South, East, West, and Center). Then, two community centers were randomly selected from each area. Participants with the ability to perform their daily activities independently were enrolled in the study. Participants responded to four self-report questionnaires: socio-demographic, social participation, social support, and general self-efficacy. The majority of the participants were within the age range of 62–68 years with the maximum proportion of social participation (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 37.69 ± 8.34). Findings of the current study indicated that gender, education level, reading books, newspapers, or magazines (p <0.001), living area, living arrangement, and occupational status (p<0.05) were associated with social participation. Multiple linear regression adjusted for living area, sex, and educational level showed that self-efficacy (β= .08; p<.001) and social support (β= .64; p<.001) predicted social participation. Findings showed the importance of social support and self-efficacy in social participation. Also enhancing the literacy of seniors should be given priority.

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BURNOUT DENGAN SELF EFFICACY PADA PERAWAT

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN ◽

10.35790/jkp.v7i2.24474 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Trivena Larengkeng ◽

Lenny Gannika ◽

Rina Kundre

Keyword(s):

Human Service ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Approach ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract: Nurses have a big responsibility because nurses are human service occupation that give a service to the society. Being a nurse had many job demands that potentially can be a stressor (burnout). Nurses must have disposition of certain behavior to finish it. One of disposition behavior is self efficacy. The purpose of this research is to know the Corelation between burnout and self efficacy of nurses at medical ward RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado. Design of this research used Descriptive Analytic With Cross Sectional Study approach. The sample was 61 respondent, used non random samplimg technique. The result of statistic test that used Chi-Square test in significance level was 95%, and significant score p vzlue = 0,020 < α (0,05). Conclusion that there is a corelation between burnout and self efficacy of nurses in medical ward.Keywords : Burnout, Self Efiicacy, NursesAbstrak: Perawat memiliki tanggung jawab yang tinggi karena memiliki pekerjaan yang bersifat human service atau memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, Tanggung jawab dan tuntutan pekerjaan yang banyak dapat berpotensi menjadi stressor (burnout) bagi perawat Perawat dituntut untuk memiliki disposisi perilaku tertentu agar dapat menyelesaikannya. Salah satu disposisi perilaku tersebut ialah efikasi diri (Self efficacy). Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan Burnout dengan self efficacy pada perawat di ruang rawat inap RSU Gmim Pancaran Kasih Manado. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Deskriptif Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Sampel berjumlah 61 responden yang didapat dengan menggunakan tehnik non random sampling. Hasil penelitian uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-square pada tingkat kemaknaan 95%, didapatkan nilai signifikan ρ Value = 0,020 < α (0,05). Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara burnout dengan self efficacy pada perawat di ruang rawat inap.Kata Kunci : Burnout, Self Efficacy, Perawat

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Factors associated with the burden of family caregivers of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18001/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peifeng Xiao ◽

Yongchun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Femoral Neck Fracture ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neck Fracture

Abstract Background This study aimed to study the factors associated with caregiver burden among caregivers of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a non-probabilistic sampling of 183 elderly postoperative patients (aged 65 years or older) with femoral neck fracture who were hospitalized in the orthopaedic centre in our hospital and their primary caregivers. Data were collected from January 2016 to June 2019. Patients and primary caregivers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) were used to evaluate social support, self-efficacy and caregiver burden, respectively. By analysing the clinical data of patients and primary caregivers and combining the factors that affect the caregiver burden in parallel studies, we selected the factors that affected the caregiver burden in this study and conducted a multivariate analysis of these factors. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We observed 176 caregivers aged 69.28 ± 7.19 years old, among whom 52.3% were male, 58.0% lived in the city, 84.0% were spouses of the patients, and 67.0% had a primary school educational background. The ZBI score of the primary caregivers was 37.8 ± 8.9, and 82.7% of the caregivers were under a moderate to severe burden. The patient’s functional status, Harris score, and pain score and the caregiver’s SSRS scores, GSE scores, and monthly income were factors that affected the caregiver burden. Conclusions Most primary caregivers of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture are subject to a considerable care burden, and social support and self-efficacy intervention are conducive to reducing the caregiver burden.

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