Association between the Distal Gut Microbiome and Anxiety in Highly Active Individuals

Abstract Background: Traditional thinking is that physical activity benefits mental and physical health, however, excessive physical activity can increase anxiety, depression, and affect the gut microbiome. Considering the strong connection between the gut and the brain, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between gut microbiota composition and anxiety as well as depression in highly active individuals. Methods: Participants included 55 young adults (ages 18-25, 51% males). All participants were highly physically active, as determined by 7 days of SenseWear monitoring. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and microbial composition were evaluated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing using distal gut samples. Results: Greater anxiety was associated with both lower distal gut alpha diversity ( P < 0.05) and higher beta diversity (PERMANOVA test; R-squared: 0.17562, P = 0.027), which appeared stronger in males. Genus level taxonomic abundance analysis showed Prevotella relative abundance as higher in males with higher anxiety ( P = 0.03, q=0.06). However, adjusted linear regression analysis, controlling for fiber intake and sex nullified the association between Prevotella and anxiety. Additional analysis demonstrated a strong association between lower dietary fiber intake and higher anxiety scores (Est.= -0.48, SE= 0.20 , P = 0.021). Conclusion: In highly active individuals, specifically males, there is a strong relationship between the gut microbiome, fiber intake, and anxiety. These data suggest highly active males with anxiety may benefit from increased dietary fiber intake.

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Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9060463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 463

Author(s):

Mariusz Sikora ◽

Albert Stec ◽

Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽

Aleksandra Knot ◽

Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Current Data ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

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Dietary fiber intake, the gut microbiome, and chronic systemic inflammation in a cohort of adult men

Genome Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13073-021-00921-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wenjie Ma ◽

Long H. Nguyen ◽

Mingyang Song ◽

Dong D. Wang ◽

Eric A. Franzosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Carbohydrate Utilization ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This may function in part due to abrogation of chronic systemic inflammation induced by factors such as dysbiotic gut communities. Data regarding the detailed influences of long-term and recent intake of differing dietary fiber sources on the human gut microbiome are lacking. Methods In a cohort of 307 generally healthy men, we examined gut microbiomes, profiled by shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and long-term and recent dietary fiber intake in relation to plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an established biomarker for chronic inflammation. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear mixed models. Results We found that inflammation-associated gut microbial configurations corresponded with higher CRP levels. A greater intake of dietary fiber was associated with shifts in gut microbiome composition, particularly Clostridiales, and their potential for carbohydrate utilization via polysaccharide degradation. This was particularly true for fruit fiber sources (i.e., pectin). Most striking, fiber intake was associated with significantly greater CRP reduction in individuals without substantial Prevotella copri carriage in the gut, whereas those with P. copri carriage maintained stable CRP levels regardless of fiber intake. Conclusions Our findings offer human evidence supporting a fiber-gut microbiota interaction, as well as a potential specific mechanism by which gut-mediated systemic inflammation may be mitigated.

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The Association Between Breast Density and Gut Microbiota Composition at 2 Years Post-Menarche: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adolescents in Santiago, Chile

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.794610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lara S. Yoon ◽

Jonathan P. Jacobs ◽

Jessica Hoehner ◽

Ana Pereira ◽

Juan Cristóbal Gana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Density ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Cross Sectional

The gut microbiome has been linked to breast cancer via immune, inflammatory, and hormonal mechanisms. We examined the relation between adolescent breast density and gut microbial composition and function in a cohort of Chilean girls. This cross-sectional study included 218 female participants in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study who were 2 years post-menarche. We measured absolute breast fibroglandular volume (aFGV) and derived percent FGV (%FGV) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All participants provided a fecal sample. The gut microbiome was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. We examined alpha diversity and beta diversity across terciles of %FGV and aFGV. We used MaAsLin2 for multivariable general linear modeling to assess differential taxa and predicted metabolic pathway abundance (MetaCyc) between %FGV and aFGV terciles. All models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and corrected for multiple comparisons. The mean %FGV and aFGV was 49.5% and 217.0 cm3, respectively, among study participants. Similar median alpha diversity levels were found across %FGV and aFGV terciles when measured by the Shannon diversity index (%FGV T1: 4.0, T2: 3.9, T3: 4.1; aFGV T1: 4.0, T2: 4.0, T3: 4.1). %FGV was associated with differences in beta diversity (R2 =0.012, p=0.02). No genera were differentially abundant when comparing %FGV nor aFGV terciles after adjusting for potential confounders (q > 0.56 for all genera). We found no associations between predicted MetaCyc pathway abundance and %FGV and aFGV. Overall, breast density measured at 2 years post-menarche was not associated with composition and predicted function of the gut microbiome among adolescent Chilean girls.

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1007 DIETARY FIBER INTAKE, THE GUT MICROBIOME, AND CHRONIC SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(20)31183-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. S-200

Author(s):

Wenjie Ma ◽

Long H. Nguyen ◽

Mingyang Song ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Yin Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

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Sex, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Fiber Intake Influence the Human Gut Microbiome

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0124599 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e0124599 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

Christine Dominianni ◽

Rashmi Sinha ◽

James J. Goedert ◽

Zhiheng Pei ◽

Liying Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Body Mass ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Constipation in Pregnancy

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v6i2.766 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andon Hestiantoro ◽

Priska A Baidah

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Rome Iii ◽

Intake Water

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of constipation inpregnancy and correlation between gestational age, dietaryfiber intake, water comsumption, and physical activity. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with samples of174 healthy pregnant women undergoing antenatal care atObstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic RSCM during August -October 2016. Data were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosisof constipation was based on ROME III criteria, dietary fiber ismeasured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and physicalactivity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were conducted toevaluate the association between variables. Results: The prevalence of constipation in pregnant womenobserved in this study was 13.2% (95% CI 8.3-18.1). The mostfrequent complaints included straining, incomplete evacuation,and anorectal obstruction. Dietary fiber intake was low in 81.03%subject. with average dietary fiber intake of 18.97 gram/day.There was no significant association between constipation andgestational age (OR 4.36, 95%CI 0.51-37.48 for second trimesterand OR 2.04, 95%CI 0.25-16.7 for third trimester), dietaryfiber intake (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.28-2.39), water consumption(OR 1.38, 95%CI 0.56-3.41), and physical activity (OR 1.167,95%CI 0.28-4.87). Conclusion: Prevalence of constipation in pregnant women is13.2%. There is no significant correlation between gestational age,dietary fiber intake, water consumption, and physical activity. Keywords: constipation, pregnant woman, ROME III

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Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile—A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10111793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1793

Author(s):

Przemyslaw Czajkowski ◽

Edyta Adamska-Patruno ◽

Witold Bauer ◽

Urszula Krasowska ◽

Joanna Fiedorczuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

High Fiber ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

The Impact

Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.5% female and 47.5% male) for a final gene–diet interaction analysis, with mean BMI 28.5 (±6.6) kg/m2. We performed measurements of anthropometric parameters, total body fat content and distribution, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations. Daily fiber intake was analyzed based on 3-day food-intake diaries, and daily physical activity was evaluated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form. Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype (rs3751812), CC genotype (rs8050136), and GG genotype (rs6499640) presented lower hip circumference if daily fiber intake was above 18 g per day. Additionally, GG genotype (rs3751812) and CC genotype (rs8050136) carriers showed surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels when they were stratified to the group with higher than median fiber intake. The results of this study highlight that high-fiber diets may positively affect anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profile dependent on the FTO genotype.

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