Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile—A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin

Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.5% female and 47.5% male) for a final gene–diet interaction analysis, with mean BMI 28.5 (±6.6) kg/m2. We performed measurements of anthropometric parameters, total body fat content and distribution, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations. Daily fiber intake was analyzed based on 3-day food-intake diaries, and daily physical activity was evaluated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form. Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype (rs3751812), CC genotype (rs8050136), and GG genotype (rs6499640) presented lower hip circumference if daily fiber intake was above 18 g per day. Additionally, GG genotype (rs3751812) and CC genotype (rs8050136) carriers showed surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels when they were stratified to the group with higher than median fiber intake. The results of this study highlight that high-fiber diets may positively affect anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profile dependent on the FTO genotype.

Download Full-text

EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE IN CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MUCOSITIS IN MURINE MODEL

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004924 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

B Gallotti ◽

I Galvao ◽

G Leles ◽

MF Quintanilha ◽

RO Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Murine Model ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

High Fiber ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

High Doses

Abstract Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa resulting from high-doses of radio/chemotherapy treatment and may lead to interruption of antineoplasic therapy. Soluble fibers, like pectin, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production that play a role in gut homeostasis and inflammation suppression. Due to the properties of pectin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fiber diet on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a murine model. C57/BL6 mice received control (AIN93M), high-fiber (HF), low/zero fiber (LF) diets for 10 days prior the mucositis challenging with irinotecan (75 mg/kg); or, they were treated with acetate added to drinking water 5 days prior and during the mucositis induction. Mice that received HF diet showed decreased immune cells influx and improved histopathological parameters in the intestine, compared to mice that received normal diet. Furthermore, HF diet decreased intestinal permeability induced in the mucositis model when compared to the control group. This effect was not observed in the acetate alone, which did not improve gut permeability. For instance, mice that received LF diet worsened gut permeability, compared with mice that received normal diet and mucositis. The effects of the HF and LF diets were shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota, in which the LF diet increased the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, a group associated with gut inflammation, whereas the HF diet decreased this group and increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobaterium (SCFA producers) levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the importance of dietary fiber intake in the modulation of gut microbiota composition and homeostasis maintenance during mucositis in this model.

Download Full-text

Association between the Distal Gut Microbiome and Anxiety in Highly Active Individuals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26541/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Morales Marroquin ◽

Emma Fletcher ◽

Paul Hwang ◽

Caelin S. Kim ◽

Noah Padgett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Highly Active ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background: Traditional thinking is that physical activity benefits mental and physical health, however, excessive physical activity can increase anxiety, depression, and affect the gut microbiome. Considering the strong connection between the gut and the brain, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between gut microbiota composition and anxiety as well as depression in highly active individuals. Methods: Participants included 55 young adults (ages 18-25, 51% males). All participants were highly physically active, as determined by 7 days of SenseWear monitoring. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and microbial composition were evaluated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing using distal gut samples. Results: Greater anxiety was associated with both lower distal gut alpha diversity ( P < 0.05) and higher beta diversity (PERMANOVA test; R-squared: 0.17562, P = 0.027), which appeared stronger in males. Genus level taxonomic abundance analysis showed Prevotella relative abundance as higher in males with higher anxiety ( P = 0.03, q=0.06). However, adjusted linear regression analysis, controlling for fiber intake and sex nullified the association between Prevotella and anxiety. Additional analysis demonstrated a strong association between lower dietary fiber intake and higher anxiety scores (Est.= -0.48, SE= 0.20 , P = 0.021). Conclusion: In highly active individuals, specifically males, there is a strong relationship between the gut microbiome, fiber intake, and anxiety. These data suggest highly active males with anxiety may benefit from increased dietary fiber intake.

Download Full-text

Dietary fiber and its associations with depression and inflammation

Nutrition Reviews ◽

10.1093/nutrit/nuz072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 394-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Olivia G Swann ◽

Michelle Kilpatrick ◽

Monique Breslin ◽

Wendy H Oddy

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

High Fiber ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Crucial Component ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Dietary fiber is a crucial component of a healthy diet, with benefits that can be attributed to processes in the gut microbiota and the resulting by-products. Observational studies support associations between dietary fiber intake and depression and inflammation, but the potential mechanisms are poorly understood. This review examines evidence of the effects of dietary fiber on depression and inflammation and considers plausible mechanisms linking dietary fiber and depression, including microbiota-driven modification of gene expression and increased production of neurotransmitters. Additionally, inflammation may mediate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and depression. A high-fiber diet potentially lowers inflammation by modifying both the pH and the permeability of the gut. The resultant reduction in inflammatory compounds may alter neurotransmitter concentrations to reduce symptoms of depression. Further research into the link between dietary fiber intake and inflammation and depression is essential, as findings could potentially provide guidance for improvement in or prevention of inflammatory and depressive disorders.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Constipation in Pregnancy

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v6i2.766 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andon Hestiantoro ◽

Priska A Baidah

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Rome Iii ◽

Intake Water

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of constipation inpregnancy and correlation between gestational age, dietaryfiber intake, water comsumption, and physical activity. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with samples of174 healthy pregnant women undergoing antenatal care atObstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic RSCM during August -October 2016. Data were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosisof constipation was based on ROME III criteria, dietary fiber ismeasured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and physicalactivity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were conducted toevaluate the association between variables. Results: The prevalence of constipation in pregnant womenobserved in this study was 13.2% (95% CI 8.3-18.1). The mostfrequent complaints included straining, incomplete evacuation,and anorectal obstruction. Dietary fiber intake was low in 81.03%subject. with average dietary fiber intake of 18.97 gram/day.There was no significant association between constipation andgestational age (OR 4.36, 95%CI 0.51-37.48 for second trimesterand OR 2.04, 95%CI 0.25-16.7 for third trimester), dietaryfiber intake (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.28-2.39), water consumption(OR 1.38, 95%CI 0.56-3.41), and physical activity (OR 1.167,95%CI 0.28-4.87). Conclusion: Prevalence of constipation in pregnant women is13.2%. There is no significant correlation between gestational age,dietary fiber intake, water consumption, and physical activity. Keywords: constipation, pregnant woman, ROME III

Download Full-text

Whole grain and dietary fiber intake and risk of colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 603-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Autumn G Hullings ◽

Rashmi Sinha ◽

Linda M Liao ◽

Neal D Freedman ◽

Barry I Graubard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Rectal Cancer ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Health Study ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Whole grains and other foods containing fiber are thought to be inversely related to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether these associations reflect fiber or fiber source remains unclear. Objectives We evaluated associations of whole grain and dietary fiber intake with CRC risk in the large NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Methods We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for whole grain and dietary fiber intake and risk of CRC among 478,994 US adults, aged 50–71 y. Diet was assessed using a self-administered FFQ at baseline in 1995–1996, and 10,200 incident CRC cases occurred over 16 y and 6,464,527 person-years of follow-up. We used 24-h dietary recall data, collected on a subset of participants, to evaluate the impact of measurement error on risk estimates. Results After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, including folate, we observed an inverse association for intake of whole grains (HRQ5 vs.Q1 : 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90; P-trend < 0.001), but not dietary fiber (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.04; P-trend = 0.40), with CRC incidence. Intake of whole grains was inversely associated with all CRC cancer subsites, particularly rectal cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.87; P-trend < 0.001). Fiber from grains, but not other sources, was associated with lower incidence of CRC (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P-trend < 0.001), particularly distal colon (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96; P-trend = 0.005) and rectal cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.88; P-trend < 0.001). Conclusions Dietary guidance for CRC prevention should focus on intake of whole grains as a source of fiber.

Download Full-text

Is a High-fiber Diet Safe for Children?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.96.5.1014 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

pp. 1014-1019

Author(s):

Christine L. Williams ◽

Marguerite Bollella

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Health Effects ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

High Fiber ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Small Loss ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Us Children ◽

Very High

Objectives: Although dietary fiber is associated with important health benefits in childhood, there have been concerns that very high fiber diets may result in adverse health effects. This report reviews the major safety concerns associated with consumption of very high fiber diets, estimates the amount of fiber that may cause adverse physiologic effects in children, and proposes safe levels of dietary fiber intake for children and adolescents. Methods. Published studies on dietary fiber intake in childhood were reviewed to determine major safety concerns, to document adverse effects, to characterize subjects involved and the dose and type of fiber consumed, and to estimate potential relevance to US children and adolescents. Levels of dietary fiber reported to have adverse health effects were compared with recommended levels of fiber intake for children older than 2 years of age. Results and Conclusions. A review of the scientific literature suggests that a small loss of energy, protein, and fat may occur with a high intake of dietary fiber. However, this small loss of energy is unlikely to be significant to children consuming adequate levels of major nutrients, especially at conservative fiber intakes as recommended by the American Health Foundation's age plus 5 formula. In addition, it is estimated that even with a doubling of current dietary fiber, there is unlikely to be an adverse effect on serum vitamin and mineral concentrations in healthy US children consuming a balanced diet containing adequate levels of nutrients. Thus, evidence suggests that for US children, a moderate increase in dietary fiber is more likely to be healthful than harmful.

Download Full-text