scholarly journals The 3D Instance Segmentation Network for Synapse Reconstruction from Serial Electron Microscopy Images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Bei Hong ◽  
Qiwei Xie ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Hua Han
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Binary Segmentation ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Instance Segmentation

Abstract Background The synapse is the key part where neurons communicate with each other. Synaptic plasticity plays a vital role in study and memory. Due to the rapid development of electron microscopy (EM) technology, imaging synapses at nanometer scale possible become possible. However, the automation and effectiveness of the synapse detection algorithm have not yet been satisfactory. The most commonly used method is a two-step solution, where first binary segmentation masks are obtained and then reconstruction results are generated by finding connected components. Results In this paper, a novel 3D instance segmentation network which can predict the synapses end to end was proposed. Then, it was also proved that the network can exploit features consistent with the biological structures of synapses by visualizing the network layer. Furthermore, our method was evaluated on two public datasets, and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method. Conclusion The proposed method provided a fast and accurate solution to detecting synapses from serial section EM images. Besides, a block-wise inference strategy which adapts well to large scale EM images was introduced, and it can also help neuroscientists achieve labor-free analysis and quantification of synapses.

scholarly journals Automatic instance segmentation of mitochondria in electron microscopy data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Nightingale ◽  
Joost de Folter ◽  
Helen Spiers ◽  
Amy Strange ◽  
Lucy M Collinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Public Repository ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Electron Microscopy Data ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Instance Segmentation

We present a new method for rapid, automated, large-scale 3D mitochondria instance segmentation, developed in response to the ISBI 2021 MitoEM Challenge. In brief, we trained separate machine learning algorithms to predict (1) mitochondria areas and (2) mitochondria boundaries in image volumes acquired from both rat and human cortex with multi-beam scanning electron microscopy. The predictions from these algorithms were combined in a multi-step post-processing procedure, that resulted in high semantic and instance segmentation performance. All code is provided via a public repository.

scholarly journals Hybrid Mobile-App. on Multi-MEC Platforms in NFV Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Jinsul Kim ◽  
Akm Ashiquzzaman ◽  
Van Quan Nguyen ◽  
Sang Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Nosql Databases

In recent times, practicality of web applications has become more reliant upon big-data orientated materials such 4K videos, hi-def. resolution images, lossless audios and massive texts. Structured Query Languages (SQL) faces compatibility issues with large scale databases. Because of this data storage problem, NoSQL databases are used for storing big-data. NoSQL databases have been recently gaining traction with many options such MongoDB, CouchDB, Redis and Apache Cassandra. One of the major restrictions companies, enterprises and developers encounter during developing an application is multiplicative cost of building a native programing across different platforms. Besides, network Function Virtualization (NFV) plays a vital role for providing services for utilizing such applications in larger and more effective scale. Hence, in this paper, we discussed our main motivation behind selecting Iconic Framework, a hybrid system for rapid development real-time application based on Firebase in the NFV environment cooperating with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). As a result, this approach provides comparatively flexible features.  

Quantifying contemporary debris supply in a debris-covered glacier catchment using high-resolution repeat terrestrial LiDAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Stewart ◽  
Matthew Westoby ◽  
Stuart Dunning ◽  
Francesca Pellicciotti ◽  
John Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Terrestrial Lidar ◽  
3D Point Clouds

<p>Glacial debris cover is increasing at a global scale in response to increasing temperatures and negative glacier mass balance. The last decade or so has seen an abundance of research which focuses on debris-covered glacier dynamics and supraglacial processes, such as ice-cliff back wasting and the development of supraglacial ponds. However, far fewer studies have focussed on improving understanding of debris supply to these systems over short- (months-years) or long (centennial-millennial) timescales. Existing work has attempted to quantify headwall erosion by calculating the ratio of supraglacial debris flux (the product of debris thickness and supraglacial velocity) to the headwall catchment area. Whilst these studies provide estimates of headwall erosion rates over long timescales, they are unable to capture subtle (or extreme) spatial and temporal variations in debris supply that operate over shorter timescales. Capturing this variation is important because it will allow predictions of the spatial distribution and volume of debris layers on debris-covered glaciers, which in turn will increase the accuracy of ablation modelling and future melt predictions for these systems. To quantify such variability, we conducted terrestrial LiDAR surveys of potential debris slopes at Miage Glacier, Italy, between July – September 2019. We acquired > 1.8 billion 3D points per catchment survey covering an approximate slope area of 7.7 km<sup>2</sup>, which supplies debris to ~33% of the glacierised area. Sequential 3D point clouds were co-registered using iterative closest point adjustment. Vegetated surfaces were automatically detected using the CloudCompare plugin CANUPO and removed from further analysis. The M3C2 change detection algorithm was used to calculate 3D change normal to the surface plane, and a 95<sup>th</sup> percentile confidence interval was applied to eliminate non-significant change. Connected components analysis was used to identify discrete rockfall events, estimate their dimensions, explore their magnitude-frequency and quantify their spatial distribution. We find at least one large failure which developed over a period of two weeks (validated by in situ time-lapse footage) and comprised an estimated volume of around 1 x 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. This particular failure occurred from a recently (<10 years) deglaciated slope, lending support to the theory that large-scale slope response to glacial erosion can be rapid.</p>

Study on Mechanical Engineering Measurement and Control Experimental Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 2174-2178
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control

As an important foundational technology of the development of mechanical industry, the test technology plays a vital role in the assessment of product quality and performance. However, with the rapid development of technology, the rapid expansion of production scale and more and more revealed shortcomings of traditional mechanical engineering test means, it has been unable to meet the requirements of large-scale test. This article focuses on the test function demand of mechanical engineering objects and proposes a concept of independently selecting the hardware and software and modules and rapid reconfiguring to conduct control experiments, based on the analysis of control experimental platform needs, we determine the platform research and development program. And it describes the detailed design process in the respects of hardware and software related to the control platform.

A new tool for rapid development of electron microscopy negatives and micrographs: Initial impressions of the MOHR/PRO-8 processor

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 972-973
Author(s):  
James C. Long
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Initial Impressions ◽  
Transport Method

Over the years, many techniques and products have been developed to reduce the amount of time spent in a darkroom processing electron microscopy negatives and micrographs. One of the latest tools, effective in this effort, is the Mohr/Pro-8 film and rc paper processor.At the time of writing, a unit has been recently installed in the photographic facilities of the Electron Microscopy Center at Texas A&M University. It is being evaluated for use with TEM sheet film, SEM sheet film, 35mm roll film (B&W), and rc paper.Originally designed for use in the phototypesetting industry, this processor has only recently been introduced to the field of electron microscopy.The unit is a tabletop model, approximately 1.5 × 1.5 × 2.0 ft, and uses a roller transport method of processing. It has an adjustable processing time of 2 to 6.5 minutes, dry-to-dry. The installed unit has an extended processing switch, enabling processing times of 8 to 14 minutes to be selected.

TOWARDS DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE HERITAGE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR IRBID’S HISTORIC CORE

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif Adel Haddad ◽  
Leen Adeeb Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Conservation Action Plan

Tal (mount) Irbid in Irbid city, Jordan, with its continuous human occupation from the Bronze Age until the present, demonstrates the main landmark that has guided the spread of the urban growth of the city. The outcome of studies carried out at Irbid’s historic core, in relation to assessing the loss and degradation of the core’s cultural heritage, shall be analyzed, investigated, and discussed, as also concerns, obstacles, and issues of sustainability to this urban heritage conservation and tourism planning. The paper starts by defining the urban heritage for the historic core, which tends to be set aside, in the city’s rapid development. Actually, the remaining historic buildings can also provide the necessary inter-relationships between the historic core areas and the wider urban context to achieve a sustainable and integrated tourism and conservation action plan for the three heritage neighborhoods around the Tal, while building on tourism opportunities and taking into consideration the needs and the vital role of the local community. The paper concludes that urban heritage conservation and protection of the integrity and identity of the historic core city fabric can assist in its branding, promotion, and management in ways that could enhance the local community belonging, quality of everyday lifestyle, and visitors' experience. 

Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma S. Algebaly ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Mudawi M. Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Sources

Introduction: Fabrication of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) has recently gained a great concern for their varied applications in remediation technologies of the environment. Objective: The current study aimed to fabricate iron nanoparticles by green technology approach using different plant sources, Azadirachta indica leaf and Calligonum comosum root following two extraction methods. Methods: Currently, a mixture of FeCl2 and FeCl3 was used to react with the plant extracts which are considered as reducing and stabilizing agents for the generation of FeNPs in one step. Different techniques were used for FeNPs identification. Results: Immediately after mixing of the two reaction components, the color changed to dark brown as an indication of safe conversion of Fe ions to FeNPs, that later confirmed by zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FeNPs fabricated by C. comosum showed smaller size when compared by those fabricated by A. indica. Using both plant sources, FeNPs fabricated by the aqueous extract had smaller size in relation to those fabricated by ethanolic extract. Furthermore, antibacterial ability against two bacterial strains was approved. Conclusion: The current results indicated that, at room temperature plant extracts fabricated Fe ion to Fe nanoparticles, suggesting its probable usage for large scale production as well as its suitability against bacteria. It could also be recommended for antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Sounds and acoustic emission-based early fault diagnosis of induction motor: A review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781402199691
Author(s):  
Omar AlShorman ◽  
Fahad Alkahatni ◽  
Mahmoud Masadeh ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Adam Glowacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Fatigue Detection ◽  
Types Of Faults

Nowadays, condition-based maintenance (CBM) and fault diagnosis (FD) of rotating machinery (RM) has a vital role in the modern industrial world. However, the remaining useful life (RUL) of machinery is crucial for continuous monitoring and timely maintenance. Moreover, reduced maintenance costs, enhanced safety, efficiency, reliability, and availability are the main important industrial issues to maintain valuable and high-cost machinery. Undoubtedly, induction motor (IM) is considered to be a pivotal component in industrial machines. Recently, acoustic emission (AE) becomes a very accurate and efficient method for fault, leaks and fatigue detection and monitoring techniques. Moreover, CM and FD based on the AE of IM have been growing over recent years. The proposed research study aims to review condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnosis (FD) studies based on sound and AE for four types of faults: bearings, rotor, stator, and compound. The study also points out the advantages and limitations of using sound and AE analysis in CM and FD. Existing public datasets for AE based analysis for CM and FD of IM are also mentioned. Finally, challenges facing AE based CM and FD for RM, especially for IM, and possible future works are addressed in this study.

scholarly journals High-Rate Transition Metal-based Cathode Materials for Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Zehao Song ◽  
Pei Shi ◽  
Lin Lv ◽  
Houzhao Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Hybrid Devices ◽  
Scale Grid

With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and large-scale grid energy storage devices, it needs to reinforce specific energy and specific power of related electrochemical devices meeting...

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