scholarly journals Brain Connectivity and Behaviour in Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Gumus ◽  
Alexandra Santos ◽  
Maria Carmela Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background About 10-15% of patients experience persistent symptoms 3-months post-concussion, referred to as Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS). There are no biomarkers for detecting this condition, but advanced neuroimaging tools such as Diffusion Tensor/Weighted Imaging (DTI/DWI) or functional MRI (fMRI) can detect subtle changes in the integrity of white matter tracts or brain activity, respectively. Methods This study protocol presents search strategies for a scoping review that provides an overview of the studies that assessed both alterations of structural and/or functional connectivity and cognitive/neuropsychiatric outcomes in PCS. Discussion A better understanding of the brain-behaviour relationships in PCS can lead to improved diagnosis of this condition. Scoping Review Protocol Registration: osf.io/sqt7d

scholarly journals Neurophysiological biomarkers of post-concussion syndrome: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Mortaheb ◽  
Maria Maddalena Filippini ◽  
Jean-Francois Kaux ◽  
Jitka Annen ◽  
Nicolas Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objectives: Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) consists of neurologic and psy-chological complaints persisting after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It affects up to 50% of mTBI patients, causes long-term disability and reduces quality of life. The aim of this scoping review was to examine possible uses of different neuroimaging modalities in PCS. Methods: Articles from Pubmed database were screened to extract studies that investigated the relationship between any neuroimaging features and symptoms of PCS. Descriptive statistics were applied to report results. Results: 88 out of 939 papers were included in the final review. 12 examined conventional MRI (42% specificity), 27 diffusion weighted imaging (56% specificity), 25 functional MRI (84% specificity), 10 electro(magneto)encephalography (80% specificity), and 14 examined other tech-niques (71% specificity). Conclusion: MRI was the most widely used technique, while functional techniques seem to be the most sensitive tools to evaluate PCS. Common patterns associated with symptoms of PCS were a decreased anticorrelation between the default mode network and the task positive net-work and reduced brain activity in specific areas (most often prefrontal cortex). Significance: Our findings highlight the importance to use functional approaches which demonstrated a functional alternation in brain connectivity and activity in most studies assessing PCS.

scholarly journals Resting-state brain activity can predict target-independent aptitude in fMRI-neurofeedback training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakano ◽  
Masahiro Takamura ◽  
Haruki Nishimura ◽  
Maro Machizawa ◽  
Naho Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeurofeedback (NF) aptitude, which refers to an individual’s ability to change its brain activity through NF training, has been reported to vary significantly from person to person. The prediction of individual NF aptitudes is critical in clinical NF applications. In the present study, we extracted the resting-state functional brain connectivity (FC) markers of NF aptitude independent of NF-targeting brain regions. We combined the data in fMRI-NF studies targeting four different brain regions at two independent sites (obtained from 59 healthy adults and six patients with major depressive disorder) to collect the resting-state fMRI data associated with aptitude scores in subsequent fMRI-NF training. We then trained the regression models to predict the individual NF aptitude scores from the resting-state fMRI data using a discovery dataset from one site and identified six resting-state FCs that predicted NF aptitude. Next we validated the prediction model using independent test data from another site. The result showed that the posterior cingulate cortex was the functional hub among the brain regions and formed predictive resting-state FCs, suggesting NF aptitude may be involved in the attentional mode-orientation modulation system’s characteristics in task-free resting-state brain activity.

scholarly journals Recent advances in functional neuroimaging analysis for cognitive neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281775272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Williams ◽  
Richard N. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
The Brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electro-/magneto-encephalography are some of the main neuroimaging technologies used by cognitive neuroscientists to study how the brain works. However, the methods for analysing the rich spatial and temporal data they provide are constantly evolving, and these new methods in turn allow new scientific questions to be asked about the brain. In this brief review, we highlight a handful of recent analysis developments that promise to further advance our knowledge about the working of the brain. These include (1) multivariate approaches to decoding the content of brain activity, (2) time-varying approaches to characterising states of brain connectivity, (3) neurobiological modelling of neuroimaging data, and (4) standardisation and big data initiatives.

scholarly journals Issues in reporting of systematic review methods in health app-focused reviews: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2930-2945
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grainger ◽  
Hemakumar Devan ◽  
Bahram Sangelaji ◽  
Jean Hay-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
Systematic Review Methods ◽  
Protocol Registration ◽  
Mobile Health Apps ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Data Elements

No guidelines exist for the conduct and reporting of manuscripts with systematic searches of app stores for, and then appraisal of, mobile health apps (‘health app-focused reviews’). We undertook a scoping review including a systematic literature search for health app-focused reviews describing systematic app store searches and app appraisal, for apps designed for patients or clinicians. We created a data extraction template which adapted data elements from the PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature reviews to data elements operationalised for health app-focused reviews. We extracted the data from included health app-focused reviews to describe: (1) which elements of the adapted ‘usual’ methods of systematic review are used; (2) methods of app appraisal; and (3) reporting of clinical efficacy and recommendations for app use. From 2798 records, the 26 included health app-focused reviews showed incomplete or unclear reporting of review protocol registration; use of reporting guidelines; processes of screening apps; data extraction; and appraisal tools. Reporting of clinical efficacy of apps or recommendations for app use were infrequent. The reporting of methods in health app-focused reviews is variable and could be improved by developing a consensus reporting standard for health app-focused reviews.

Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Buchanan ◽  
S. L. Rossell ◽  
J. J. Maller ◽  
W. L. Toh ◽  
S. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundSeveral neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA).MethodA total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package.ResultsResults showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD.ConclusionsThis study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.

scholarly journals Resting-state connectivity studies as a marker of the acute and delayed effects of subanaesthetic ketamine administration in healthy and depressed individuals: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110554
Author(s):  
Vasileia Kotoula ◽  
Toby Webster ◽  
James Stone ◽  
Mitul A Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

Acute ketamine administration has been widely used in neuroimaging research to mimic psychosis-like symptoms. Within the last two decades, ketamine has also emerged as a potent, fast-acting antidepressant. The delayed effects of the drug, observed 2–48 h after a single infusion, are associated with marked improvements in depressive symptoms. At the systems’ level, several studies have investigated the acute ketamine effects on brain activity and connectivity; however, several questions remain unanswered around the brain changes that accompany the drug’s antidepressant effects and how these changes relate to the brain areas that appear with altered function and connectivity in depression. This review aims to address some of these questions by focusing on resting-state brain connectivity. We summarise the studies that have examined connectivity changes in treatment-naïve, depressed individuals and those studies that have looked at the acute and delayed effects of ketamine in healthy and depressed volunteers. We conclude that brain areas that are important for emotional regulation and reward processing appear with altered connectivity in depression whereas the default mode network presents with increased connectivity in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls. This finding, however, is not as prominent as the literature often assumes. Acute ketamine administration causes an increase in brain connectivity in healthy volunteers. The delayed effects of ketamine on brain connectivity vary in direction and appear to be consistent with the drug normalising the changes observed in depression. The limited number of studies however, as well as the different approaches for resting-state connectivity analysis make it very difficult to draw firm conclusions and highlight the importance of data sharing and larger future studies.

AGGRESSION IN PROFESSIONAL FEMALE DEFENDER SOCCER PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Kittichai Tharawadeepimuk ◽  
Yodchanan Wongsawat
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
The Brain

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of competition on brain activity representing aggression. Quantitative electroencephalograms (QEEGs) of Thai professional female soccer team players were analyzed in terms of aggression. The QEEGs of 17 soccer players were recorded three times: twice before a competition (once per week) and one week after the competition. There was a significant increase in the beta frequency band associated with the Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8 positions as the competition approached. The changes in brain activity were observed in two patterns: the first was an increase in the intensity level of brain processing (presented in terms of brain topographic maps as absolute power), and the second was the magnitude of the amplitude at each of the EEG channels between the hemispheres (presented in terms of brain connectivity as amplitude asymmetry). Consequently, QEEG values were examined as they related to aggression. In the statistical analysis, paired-sample t tests confirmed that an aggressive phenomenon occurred as the competition approached. In addition, the aggressive phenomenon was found in the brain activity of players with defensive soccer positions.

scholarly journals Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain--behaviour relationship by induction of ‘virtual lesions’

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1387) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive method of induction of a focal current in the brain and transient modulation of the function of the targeted cortex. Despite limited understanding about focality and mechanisms of action, TMS provides a unique opportunity of studying brain-behaviour relations in normal humans. TMS can enhance the results of other neuroimaging techniques by establishing the causal link between brain activity and task performance, and by exploring functional brain connectivity.

Classification of Body Position During Muslim Prayer Using the Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2154028
Author(s):  
Vahid Sobhani ◽  
Koorosh Izadi ◽  
Ehsan Manshadi Mokari ◽  
Boshra Hatef
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Brain

Background: Muslim prayer (Namaz) is the most important obligatory religious duty in Islam that is regularly performed five times per day at specific prescribed times by Muslims. Due to the fact that change of body position affects brain activity, Namaz can be considered as a suitable model to assess the effect of quick changes of the body position on brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Forty Muslim participants performed a four-cycle Namaz while their brain activity was being recorded using a 14-channel EEG recorder. The brain connectivity (as defined by a mutual correlation between EEG channels in this study) in different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) was measured in various positions of Namaz including standing, bowing, prostration, and sitting. Results: The results indicated that the delta band demonstrates the most changes in cross-correlation between the recorded channels, and finally, the accuracy of 73.8% was obtained in the data classification.

Time-Frequency Bands of Electromagnetic Wave from ERPCOH on Developmental Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Ming Chung Ho ◽  
Chin Fei Huang ◽  
Chia Yi Chou ◽  
Ming Chi Lu ◽  
Yung Yi Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task ◽  
The Brain

Recent changes in ongoing background activity are one of the most popular approaches to investigate brain activity for understanding child development. However, research using event-related responses of cortico-cortical connections to explore changes during childhood is rare. This study investigates mature changes in brain connectivity in associative reorganization patterns and hypothesizes that age-related changes affect oscillatory connections. The sample included children aged 7 years, 11 years, and adults. The 3 groups were studied in the time-frequency domain to analyze event-related cross phase coherence (ERPCOH) between different parts of the brain as they performed an auditory oddball task. Compared to the adult participants, the 11-year-old participants were found to have increased connectivity in theta (4-7 Hz), beta-2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma bands (30-50 Hz) in the early component (N1, 80-140 ms), although ERPCOH value decreased in the alpha-1 (7-10 Hz) and alpha-2 bands (10-13 Hz). Compared to the 11-year-old participants, 7-year-old participants had greater connectivity decreases in all frequency bands, most significantly in theta, beta-2, and gamma bands.

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