AGGRESSION IN PROFESSIONAL FEMALE DEFENDER SOCCER PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Kittichai Tharawadeepimuk ◽  
Yodchanan Wongsawat
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
The Brain

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of competition on brain activity representing aggression. Quantitative electroencephalograms (QEEGs) of Thai professional female soccer team players were analyzed in terms of aggression. The QEEGs of 17 soccer players were recorded three times: twice before a competition (once per week) and one week after the competition. There was a significant increase in the beta frequency band associated with the Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8 positions as the competition approached. The changes in brain activity were observed in two patterns: the first was an increase in the intensity level of brain processing (presented in terms of brain topographic maps as absolute power), and the second was the magnitude of the amplitude at each of the EEG channels between the hemispheres (presented in terms of brain connectivity as amplitude asymmetry). Consequently, QEEG values were examined as they related to aggression. In the statistical analysis, paired-sample t tests confirmed that an aggressive phenomenon occurred as the competition approached. In addition, the aggressive phenomenon was found in the brain activity of players with defensive soccer positions.

scholarly journals Resting-state brain activity can predict target-independent aptitude in fMRI-neurofeedback training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakano ◽  
Masahiro Takamura ◽  
Haruki Nishimura ◽  
Maro Machizawa ◽  
Naho Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeurofeedback (NF) aptitude, which refers to an individual’s ability to change its brain activity through NF training, has been reported to vary significantly from person to person. The prediction of individual NF aptitudes is critical in clinical NF applications. In the present study, we extracted the resting-state functional brain connectivity (FC) markers of NF aptitude independent of NF-targeting brain regions. We combined the data in fMRI-NF studies targeting four different brain regions at two independent sites (obtained from 59 healthy adults and six patients with major depressive disorder) to collect the resting-state fMRI data associated with aptitude scores in subsequent fMRI-NF training. We then trained the regression models to predict the individual NF aptitude scores from the resting-state fMRI data using a discovery dataset from one site and identified six resting-state FCs that predicted NF aptitude. Next we validated the prediction model using independent test data from another site. The result showed that the posterior cingulate cortex was the functional hub among the brain regions and formed predictive resting-state FCs, suggesting NF aptitude may be involved in the attentional mode-orientation modulation system’s characteristics in task-free resting-state brain activity.

scholarly journals Recent advances in functional neuroimaging analysis for cognitive neuroscience

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281775272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Williams ◽  
Richard N. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
The Brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electro-/magneto-encephalography are some of the main neuroimaging technologies used by cognitive neuroscientists to study how the brain works. However, the methods for analysing the rich spatial and temporal data they provide are constantly evolving, and these new methods in turn allow new scientific questions to be asked about the brain. In this brief review, we highlight a handful of recent analysis developments that promise to further advance our knowledge about the working of the brain. These include (1) multivariate approaches to decoding the content of brain activity, (2) time-varying approaches to characterising states of brain connectivity, (3) neurobiological modelling of neuroimaging data, and (4) standardisation and big data initiatives.

scholarly journals Understanding the brain by controlling neural activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1677) ◽  
pp. 20140201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Krug ◽  
C. Daniel Salzman ◽  
Scott Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Causal methods to interrogate brain function have been employed since the advent of modern neuroscience in the nineteenth century. Initially, randomly placed electrodes and stimulation of parts of the living brain were used to localize specific functions to these areas. Recent technical developments have rejuvenated this approach by providing more precise tools to dissect the neural circuits underlying behaviour, perception and cognition. Carefully controlled behavioural experiments have been combined with electrical devices, targeted genetically encoded tools and neurochemical approaches to manipulate information processing in the brain. The ability to control brain activity in these ways not only deepens our understanding of brain function but also provides new avenues for clinical intervention, particularly in conditions where brain processing has gone awry.

scholarly journals The Effect of Media Professionalization on Cognitive Neurodynamics During Audiovisual Cuts

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Andreu-Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pascual ◽  
Agnès Gruart ◽  
José María Delgado-García
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Media Professionals ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
Recurring Tasks

Experts apply their experience to the proper development of their routine activities. Their acquired expertise or professionalization is expected to help in the development of those recurring tasks. Media professionals spend their daily work watching narrative contents on screens, so learning how they manage visual perception of those contents could be of interest in an increasingly audiovisual society. Media works require not only the understanding of the storytelling, but also the decoding of the formal rules and presentations. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from 36 participants (18 media professionals and 18 non-media professionals) while they were watching audiovisual contents, and compared their eyeblink rate and their brain activity and connectivity. We found that media professionals decreased their blink rate after the cuts, suggesting that they can better manage the loss of visual information that blinks entail by sparing them when new visual information is being presented. Cuts triggered similar activation of basic brain processing in the visual cortex of the two groups, but different processing in medial and frontal cortical areas, where media professionals showed a lower activity. Effective brain connectivity occurred in a more organized way in media professionals–possibly due to a better communication between cortical areas that are coordinated for decoding new visual content after cuts.

scholarly journals Resting-state connectivity studies as a marker of the acute and delayed effects of subanaesthetic ketamine administration in healthy and depressed individuals: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110554
Author(s):  
Vasileia Kotoula ◽  
Toby Webster ◽  
James Stone ◽  
Mitul A Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

Acute ketamine administration has been widely used in neuroimaging research to mimic psychosis-like symptoms. Within the last two decades, ketamine has also emerged as a potent, fast-acting antidepressant. The delayed effects of the drug, observed 2–48 h after a single infusion, are associated with marked improvements in depressive symptoms. At the systems’ level, several studies have investigated the acute ketamine effects on brain activity and connectivity; however, several questions remain unanswered around the brain changes that accompany the drug’s antidepressant effects and how these changes relate to the brain areas that appear with altered function and connectivity in depression. This review aims to address some of these questions by focusing on resting-state brain connectivity. We summarise the studies that have examined connectivity changes in treatment-naïve, depressed individuals and those studies that have looked at the acute and delayed effects of ketamine in healthy and depressed volunteers. We conclude that brain areas that are important for emotional regulation and reward processing appear with altered connectivity in depression whereas the default mode network presents with increased connectivity in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls. This finding, however, is not as prominent as the literature often assumes. Acute ketamine administration causes an increase in brain connectivity in healthy volunteers. The delayed effects of ketamine on brain connectivity vary in direction and appear to be consistent with the drug normalising the changes observed in depression. The limited number of studies however, as well as the different approaches for resting-state connectivity analysis make it very difficult to draw firm conclusions and highlight the importance of data sharing and larger future studies.

QEEG post-effects after the competition in Professional Female Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Kittichai Tharawadeepimuk ◽  
Yodchanan Wongsawat
Keyword(s):  
Normal State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Key Players ◽  
The Brain

Brain central fatigue has been hypothesized as a factor affecting sports performance that generally occurs after a competition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to observe brain activities after participating in a competition. This study used quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to evaluate brain central fatigue, and the results were analyzed in terms of brain connectivity (coherence) in the delta frequency bands. QEEGs were recorded from twenty-nine Thai professional female soccer players (mean age ± SD was 24.17 ± 2.633 years, mean height ± SD was 1.620 ± 5.552 meters, mean weight ± SD was 55.10 ± 5.853 kg). We recorded QEEG three times: twice before a competition (once a week) and one week after the competition. Data obtained were analyzed by using the Z-scored FFT method. The results of brain connectivity were represented in terms of coherence. The present study revealed brain central fatigue in athletes after the competition (p=.035 and p=.003). This condition could affect their performance during games. Moreover, the key players showed specific brain patterns that were significantly different from substitute players (p<.000). The brain commonly returns to a normal state after a competition. This phenomenon was observed in the substitute players. Contrastingly, key players (on the ground players) exhibited the brain central fatigue phenomenon. Our study confirmed that brain central fatigue can arise after a competition, and specific brain patterns can identify the level of sports performance. These findings are beneficial for predicting athletes’ performances in terms of aspects of the brain. This approach can be used to measure and interpret brain central fatigue conditions.

scholarly journals Transcranial magnetic stimulation: studying the brain--behaviour relationship by induction of ‘virtual lesions’

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1387) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a non-invasive method of induction of a focal current in the brain and transient modulation of the function of the targeted cortex. Despite limited understanding about focality and mechanisms of action, TMS provides a unique opportunity of studying brain-behaviour relations in normal humans. TMS can enhance the results of other neuroimaging techniques by establishing the causal link between brain activity and task performance, and by exploring functional brain connectivity.

scholarly journals Quantitative Electroencephalogaphy (QEEG) and Neurofeedback Training (NFT) for Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.22) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Nur Hartini Mardan ◽  
Norsiah Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group

Neurofeedback training (NFT) has been widely used to alter the brain activity to enhance the brain function. This study aimed to apply neurofeedback to enhance the cognitive performance in elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by focusing on alpha wave in the neurofeedback training as it is positively associated with cognitive decline in elderly. 10 subjects who passed the criteria were assigned to experimental and control group. With 15 sessions of alpha neurofeedback, increase in alpha absolute power was rewarded while simultaneous suppression of theta and beta2 were done in experimental group. Results showed that after completion of neurofeedback, all subjects in experimental group learn to increase their alpha absolute power while mixed result was recorded for suppression of theta and high beta either at individual, inter and intra group level. Cognitive results in individual level revealed that pattern of increase and decrease of score was regular in experimental group and at grouped level, significant increment observed in Digit Span and Symbol Search in experimental group only. These results suggest that MCI elderly could learn to increase specific components of EEG activity that such enhanced activity may facilitate in working memory and processing speed enhancement.  

Classification of Body Position During Muslim Prayer Using the Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 2154028
Author(s):  
Vahid Sobhani ◽  
Koorosh Izadi ◽  
Ehsan Manshadi Mokari ◽  
Boshra Hatef
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Brain

Background: Muslim prayer (Namaz) is the most important obligatory religious duty in Islam that is regularly performed five times per day at specific prescribed times by Muslims. Due to the fact that change of body position affects brain activity, Namaz can be considered as a suitable model to assess the effect of quick changes of the body position on brain activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Forty Muslim participants performed a four-cycle Namaz while their brain activity was being recorded using a 14-channel EEG recorder. The brain connectivity (as defined by a mutual correlation between EEG channels in this study) in different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) was measured in various positions of Namaz including standing, bowing, prostration, and sitting. Results: The results indicated that the delta band demonstrates the most changes in cross-correlation between the recorded channels, and finally, the accuracy of 73.8% was obtained in the data classification.

scholarly journals Reduced readiness potential and post-movement beta synchronization reflect self-disorders in early course schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Luciano Donati ◽  
Matteo Fecchio ◽  
Davide Maestri ◽  
Mattia Cornali ◽  
Chiara Camilla Derchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
External Agent ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDisturbances of conscious awareness, or self-disorders, are a defining feature of schizophrenia. These include symptoms such as delusions of control, i.e. the belief that one’s actions are controlled by an external agent. Models of self-disorders point at altered neural mechanisms of source monitoring, i.e. the ability of the brain to discriminate self-generated stimuli from those driven by the environment. However, evidence supporting this putative relationship is currently lacking. We performed electroencephalography (EEG) during self-paced, brisk right fist closures in ten (M = 9; F = 1) patients with Early-Course Schizophrenia (ECSCZ) and age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. We measured the Readiness Potential (RP), i.e. an EEG feature preceding self-generated movements, and movement-related EEG spectral changes. Self-disorders in ECSCZ were assessed with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). Patients showed a markedly reduced RP and altered post-movement Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) in the beta frequency band (14–24 Hz) compared to healthy controls. Importantly, smaller RP and weaker ERS were associated with higher EASE scores in ECSCZ. Our data suggest that disturbances of neural correlates preceding and following self-initiated movements may reflect the severity of self-disorders in patients suffering from ECSCZ. These findings point towards deficits in basic mechanisms of sensorimotor integration as a substrate for self-disorders.

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