Structural, and Radiation Shielding Simulation of B2O3-SiO2-LiF- ZnO-TiO2 Glasses

Radiation Shielding ◽

The Other ◽

Gamma Photon ◽

Density Relationship ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract Quaternary glasses with a 59B2O3-29SiO2-2LiF-(\(10-x\)) ZnO-\(x\)TiO2 composition using the melt-quench techniques were prepared. XRD examined the nature of prepared glasses. The FT-IR spectra was studied for the changes in the structure of these glasses. While the density is increased, the molar volume of the glass system is reduced. The velocities and elastic modulus of these glasses were experimentally and theoretically based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model evaluated. Besides, for the studied glasses, the radiation shielding efficiency was investigated by Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software. These glasses were found to have an abnormal attenuation, structural, and density relationship. The mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff), of glasses, have been designed to simulate for gamma photon energies between 0.015 and 15 MeV. MAC values calculated using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM were compared and was observed in good agreement with the other.

Experimental Investigation of Radiation Shielding Competence of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14175061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 5061

Author(s):

Dalal Abdullah Aloraini ◽

Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

The Other ◽

Attenuation Coefficients ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Theoretical Results

The gamma-ray shielding features of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glass systems were experimentally reported. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses was experimentally measured at seven energy values (between 0.0595 and 1.33 MeV). The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MACs) increase with the addition of Bi2O3 and A4 glass possesses the highest MAC and LAC. A downward trend in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with increasing the energy from 0.0595 to 1.33 MeV is found. The highest LAC is found at 1.33 MeV (in the range of 0.092–0.143 cm−1). The effective atomic number (Zeff) follows the order B1 > A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. This order emphasizes that increasing the content of Bi2O3 has a positive effect on the photon shielding proficiencies owing to the higher density of Bi2O3 compared with Na2O. The half value layer (HVL) is also determined and the HVL for the tested glasses is computed between 0.106 and 0.958 cm at 0.0595 MeV. The glass with 10 mol% of Bi2O3 has lower HVL than the glasses with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mol% of Bi2O3. So, the A4 glass needs a smaller thickness than the other glasses to shield the same radiation. As a result of the reported shielding parameters, inserting B2O3 provides lower values of these three parameters, which in turn leads to the development of superior photons shields.

The Vital Role of La2O3 on the La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass System for Shielding Some Common Gamma Ray Radioactive Sources

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14174776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 4776 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽

Mengge Dong ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Vital Role ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Sio2 Glass

The role La2O3 on the radiation shielding properties of La2O3-CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass systems was investigated. The energies were selected between 0.284 and 1.275 MeV and Phy-X software was used for the calculations. BLa10 glass had the least linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) at all the tested energies, while BLa30 had the greatest, which indicated that increasing the content of La2O3 in the BLa-X glasses enhances the shielding performance of these glasses. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of BLa15 decreases from 0.150 cm2/g to 0.054 cm2/g at energies of 0.284 MeV and 1.275 MeV, respectively, while the MAC of BLa25 decreases from 0.164 cm2/g to 0.053 cm2/g for the same energies, respectively. At all energies, the effective atomic number (Zeff) values follow the trend BLa10 < BLa15 < BLa20 < BLa25 < BLa30. The half value thickness (HVL) of the BLa-X glass shields were also investigated. The minimum HVL values are found at 0.284 MeV. The HVL results demonstrated that BLa30 is the most space-efficient shield. The tenth value layer (TVL) results demonstrated that the glasses are more effective attenuators at lower energies, while decreasing in ability at greater energies. These mean free path results proved that increasing the density of the glasses, by increasing the amount of La2O3 content, lowers MFP, and increases attenuation, which means that BLa30, the glass with the greatest density, absorbs the most amount of radiation.

Improvement of Gamma Radiation Shielding Features for Fluorophosphate Glasses Doping with Sm2O3 (PZBKNA)

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1374-1380

Author(s):

H. Almohiy ◽

M. Saad ◽

Y. M. AbouDeif ◽

Iwona Grelowska ◽

M. Reben ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Ordinary Concrete ◽

Materials Used

This research reported on the radiation safety characteristics of doped fluorophosphate glasses with heavy rare earth lanthanide (Sm2O3) in the composition 40P2O5/30ZnO/20BaF2/3.8K2TeO3/1.2Al2O3/5.0Nb2O5/30000 ppm Sm2O3 and 40P2O5/30ZnO/20BaF2/3.8K2TeO3/1.2Al2O3/5.0Nb2O5/40000 ppm Sm2O3 in mol%. The parameters for shielding like that mass attenuation coefficient, MAC, linear attenuation coefficient, LAC, tenth value layers, TVL, half-value layers, HVL, effective atomic number, (Zeff), mean free path, MFP, electron density, Neff, electronic cross-sections, ECS, and total atomic cross-sections, ACS, were calculated between 0.015 and 15 MB of preparation glasses. The protection parameters of the current glasses are good in comparison to industrial materials used for nuclear shieldings, such as glass RS 253, ordinary concrete (OC), hematite serpenite (HS), or basalt magnet (BM). From the above mention results, the prepared glasses can be used as radiation safety materials.

Investigation and Characterization of Gamma Radiation Shielding Capacity of Heavy Minerals-Based Composite Materials

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science ◽

10.1115/1.4046357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury ◽

Md. Bengir Ahmed Shuvho ◽

Md Azizul Islam ◽

Muhammad Borhan Uddin ◽

Ruhul Amin Khan

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Integrated System ◽

Heavy Minerals ◽

Density Surface ◽

Effects Of Radiation

Abstract Radiation shielding is an indispensable ingredient in the design of an integrated system to attenuate the effects of radiation during various operations such as space, aircraft, and nuclear plant. Discerning and exploiting the properties of composite materials compatible for radiation shielding in those applications are therefore primary obligation. In this study, we present here the results of control, ilmenite-, and garnet-based composites radiation shielding capabilities. The gamma radiation shielding competency of control, ilmenite-, and garnet-based composite materials has been examined by using linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), tenth value layer (TVL), and half value layer (HVL). A comparison among those composite materials has been studied to find out the best one for radiation shielding material. Factors influencing the radiation shielding capabilities such as mechanical properties, thermal properties, density, surface morphology, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis have been studied in comparative investigations. In this work, we show that garnet-based composite material has viable radiation shielding performances as compared to the control and ilmenite-based composites. Garnet-based composite exhibits lower impact energy to withstand against gamma radiation as compared to the other tested shielding materials.

Photon Shielding Characterization of SiO2-PbO-CdO-TiO2 Glasses for Radiotheraphy Shielding Application

Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics ◽

10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v4i430150 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Idris M. Mustapha ◽

Atimga B. James ◽

Sulayman M. Bello

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Energy Region ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Photoelectric Effect ◽

High Energy ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

In this study, photon attenuation parameters of (30-x) SiO2–15PbO–10CdO-xTiO2, with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% mol, were determined and their application as shielding material were discussed. The WinXCOM software was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses for the energy range (0.015-15MeV). The mass attenuation coefficient of the glass samples first decline up to 0.09 MeV and slightly increase abruptly and then declined uniformly for all the glasses to approximately zero after about 10 MeV. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was also calculated for the glass samples and were observe to raise from 0.015 to 0.02 MeV and then decreased between 0.02-5 MeV. On account of the dominance of the photoelectric effect in the low energy region, there was a sudden increase in Zeff at about 0.08 MeV close to the absorption edge of the Pb (0.088 MeV). The rapid increment was observed at 0.1–1.5 MeV by transcending typical Compton scattering interaction at intermediate energies for Zeff'’s and began to decrease in the same form again. The lower Zeff values were found in low and high energy region for all SPCT glasses. The calculated mean free path, half value layer and tenth value layer values were observe to decline as the TiO2 doping of the glasses increased which accounts for the three photon interaction mechanisms effectiveness in the variation of MFP and HVL values with energy. It can be concluded that SPCT glasses may be considered an alternative material for radiation shielding practices.

Gamma radiation shielding properties of glasses within the TeO2-TiO2-ZnO system

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-3058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Almatari

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Atomic Number ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Glass System ◽

Shielding Properties ◽

Abstract Radiations are widely used in hospitals and health services in radiotherapy and molecular imaging using x-ray and gamma radiation which considered as the most penetrating radiations and very difficult to shield. In this study, the radiation shielding properties of different zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations of the (95-x)TeO2-5TiO2-xZnO (x=5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 mol%) glass system was investigated to be introduced as a new transparency effective shielding material. In order to study shielding properties, mass attenuation coefficients in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV photon energies for the current glass system were calculated using ParShield software. Moreover, half value layer, mean free path and effective atomic number were evaluated using the obtained attenuation coefficient. The results indicated that if ZnO was added to the current glass system the mass attenuation coefficient will be decreased as well as effective atomic number values. The highest mass attenuation coefficient at all energies was found to be in TT5Z5 glass sample as well as the effective atomic number value.

Gamma-Rays Absorption Studies of PbO-SiO2 Glass System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.71 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93-94 ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

N. Chanthima ◽

Jakrapong Kaewkhao ◽

Weerapong Chewpraditkul ◽

Pichet Limsuwan

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Glass System ◽

Interaction Cross Section ◽

Absorption Studies ◽

Total Interaction ◽

Better Than ◽

Mass attenuation coefficient, total interaction cross-section and effective atomic number of xPbO:(100-x)SiO2, where 30 x 70 (% weight), glass system have been investigated at 662 keV on the basis of the mixture rule. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical values, calculated by WinXCom. The mass attenuation coefficient increases with PbO content, due to higher probability of photoelectric absorption in glass. However, Compton scattering gives dominant contribution to the total mass attenuation coefficient for the glass samples studied. The shielding properties of the glass samples are also better than ordinary shielding concretes and commercial window glasses. These results indicate that the glass systems prepared in this study has a potential to be used as radiation shielding materials.

Enhancement of Ceramics Based Red-Clay by Bulk and Nano Metal Oxides for Photon Shielding Features

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14247878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 7878

Author(s):

Mohamed Elsafi ◽

Mirvat Fawzi Dib ◽

Hoda Ezzelddin Mustafa ◽

M. I. Sayyed ◽

Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Oxides ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Hpge Detector ◽

Effective Atomic Number ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Red Clay ◽

Cdo Nanoparticles ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

We prepared red clays by introducing different percentages of PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO. In order to understand how the introduction of these oxides into red clay influences its attenuation ability, the mass attenuation coefficient of the clays was experimentally measured in a lab using an HPGe detector. The theoretical shielding capability of the material present was obtained using XCOM to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. We found that the experimental and theoretical values agree to a very high degree of precision. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of pure red clay, and red clay with the three metal oxides was determined. The pure red clay had the lowest Zeff of the tested samples, which means that introducing any of these three oxides into the clay will greatly enhance its Zeff, and consequently its attenuation capability. Additionally, the Zeff for red clay with 10 wt% CdO is lower than the Zeff of red clay with 10 wt% Bi2O3 and PbO. We also prepared red clay using 10 wt% CdO nanoparticles and compared its attenuation ability with the red clay prepared with 10 wt% PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO microparticles. We found that the MAC of the red clay with 10 wt% nano-CdO was higher than the MAC of the clay with microparticle samples. Accordingly, nanoparticles could be a useful way to enhance the shielding ability of current radiation shielding materials.

Thermal stability, mechanical properties, and gamma radiation shielding performance of polyvinyl chloride/Pb(NO3)2 composites

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2021-0067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sayed A. Waly ◽

Ahmed M. Abdelreheem ◽

Mohamed M. Shehata ◽

Omayma A. Ghazy ◽

Zakaria I. Ali

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Composite Films ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Point Sources ◽

Abstract Radiation shielding composites based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with different weight ratios of Pb(NO3)2 (5, 10, and 20 wt%) were prepared using the solution-casting technique. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing method were used to characterize the PVC composite films. FTIR and XRD investigations illustrate the structural change and modification of the as-prepared PVC composites. The morphological analysis of the composite revealed that Pb(NO3)2 was dispersed uniformly within PVC polymer matrix. TGA revealed that the incorporation of Pb(NO3)2 improved the thermal stability of the investigated composites, whereas adding Pb(NO3)2 to the polymer matrix worsened its tensile properties. The as-prepared composite films were investigated for radiation-shielding of gamma-rays radioactive point sources (241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co). Linear attenuation coefficient (μ, cm−1), mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ, cm2/g), and half-value layer (HVL, cm) have been estimated from the obtained data using the MicroShield program. Reasonable agreement was attended between theoretical and experimental results. The deviation between the experiment and theoretical values of mass attenuation coefficient is being to be lower than 9%, and this can be correlated to the good distribution of Pb(NO3)2. The results revealed that adding Pb(NO3)2 to PVC polymer composites improved their mass attenuation coefficient.

Gamma radiation shielding characteristics of some soft and hard woods of medicinal plants from Nallamala forest of Andhra Pradesh

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.4(4).p150-157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 150-157

Author(s):

E. Rajasekhar ◽

R. Jeevan Kumar ◽

K. Venkataramaniah ◽

K. L. Narasimham

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Relaxation Length ◽

Medicinal Uses

Wood is a complex biomaterial useful for various applications. Wood can also be used to shield radiation from nuclear sources. In the present study, the radiation effects on various wood materials of medicinal plants collected from Nallamala forest in Andhra Pradesh, India was investigated. Gamma radiation shielding characteristics such as linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, half- value thickness and relaxation length of ten different types of wood materials were measured for gamma energies 511, 662, 1173, 1275 and 1332 keV from 22Na, 137Cs and 60Co radioactive sources . Measurements were performed using a gamma spectrometer consisting of NaI (Tl) scintillation detector coupled to an 8K PC based Nuclear MCA with a good geometry set up. Classification of wood and their medicinal uses also studied. Analysis of results showed an appreciable evidence of radiation attenuation, attenuation coefficient decreasing with increase of gamma en-ergy and significant variation for different species.