Phytoplankton population as alarming warning bioindicator of water pollution in El-Temsah Lake, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Elshobary ◽  
Abdullah M. Attiah ◽  
Zenhom E. Salem ◽  
Dorya I. Essa
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
High Level

Abstract Relative effects of spatio-seasonal variations on the quantitative and qualitative status of phytoplankton in 20 sampling locations of Temsah Lake were examined during winter and summer 2018. The study reveals that the population structure consisted of 105 species from 69 genera, with an annual average of 924155 cell/L. Bacillariophyceae formed the most dominant group with 42.45% of total phytoplankton with an average of 372379 cell/L. Navicula creptocephala was the most abundant species representing 19.16% of total diatoms and 7.78% of the whole standing crop with an annual average of 376879 cell/L. The highest phytoplankton abundance was in the Northern locations. Phytoplankton density showed a negative correlation of pH, temperature and TDS and positively correlated with nutrient content such as nitrate and silicate. In general, summer showed high indices value compared to winter and the diversity index in the current study ranged in moderate pollution range. The polluted state of the aquatic ecosystem in El-Temsah Lake during summer is comparatively higher than winter during the study period. Palmer’s and diversity indices showed that Northern sites were the most flourishing and polluted sites. The study also recorded a number of tolerate algae (13 genera and 8 species), which can be used as an indicator for different degrees of organic pollution. Genus and species Palmer’s Index scores of the northern site were in the range of ≥20 during summer, indicating most of the sampling locations showed probable to confirmed high level of organic pollution.

Arthropod community structures of rice ecosystems in the Philippines

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Heong ◽  
G.B. Aquino ◽  
A.T. Barrion
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Cyrtorhinus Lividipennis ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relative Differences

AbstractThe arthropod community associated with irrigated rice grown in five sites in Luzon Island, Philippines, was analysed using guild categories. Phytophages and predators were predominant in all sites. The phytophage species were mainly Homoptera and dominated by Nephotettix virescens (Distant), N. nigropictus (Stål) (Cicadellidae), and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Delphacidae). Predators were mainly Heteroptera with Microvelia douglasi atrolineata Bergoth (Veliidae), Mesovelia vittigera (Horváth) (Mesoveliidae), and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Miridae) as the most abundant species. Spiders were the next dominant group with Pardosa pseudoannulata (Böesenberg & Strand) and three species of Tetragnatha the most common. Differences in species diversity between the sites were easily differentiated using diversity indices. The relative differences in arthropod abundance, species richness and diversity may be attributed to the median temperatures, cropping patterns, and diversity in crop stages and germplasm in the sites. Predator-Homoptera correlations were significant in all cases. High positive correlations were obtained for veliids, spiders and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, in most sites.

scholarly journals Effects of ship-breaking activities on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthos in Sitakundu Coast, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Belal Hossain ◽  
MD. ABU NOMAN ◽  
JAHANARA AKHTER LIPI ◽  
ABU HENA MUSTAFA KAMAL ◽  
MOHD HANAFI IDRIS
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Ship Breaking ◽  
Distinct Grouping ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract. Lipi JA, Noman MDA, Hossain MB, Abu Hena MK, Idris MH. 2020. Effects of ship-breaking activities on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthos in Sitakundu Coast, Bangladesh. Biodiversitas 21: 5085-5093. To articulate the ecological processes or anthropogenic impacts, it is necessary to explore various distributional patterns of benthic communities. The study was conducted to investigate the variability of macrobenthos between a ship braking and non-ship-breaking area along the Sitakunda coast, Chittagong, Bangladesh. This is the first comprehensive study that addresses the effects of ship-breaking activities on the variability of benthic communities in the study area. Macrobenthos were sampled from two different regions namely Bhatiary (ship-breaking area) and Banshbaria (non-ship-breaking area/reference area) in two different time periods (April and July) for comparative analyses. During the study period, Polychaeta was the most dominant group comprising 60% of the total macrobenthos all over the study area. Macrobenthos abundance and diversity demonstrated strong spatial variability. The mean abundance varied from 3799.75±3452.28 ind./m2 to 4107.25±2743.6 ind./m2 from the ship-breaking to non-ship-breaking area. Similar to macrobenthos abundance, the diversity index (H′) (varied between 2.45 and 1.85), species richness (D) (varied between 1.99 and 1.04), and the number of taxa (varied between 17.25 and 9.25) were higher in the non-ship-breaking area compared to the ship-breaking area. Multivariate analyses, nMDS, and CCA plot showed a distinct grouping for different location. Besides, the diversity indices of the Polychaeta community, and the presence or absence of several pollution indicator taxa revealed that Bhatiary (the ship-breaking area) was confronting deleterious effects of ship-breaking activities.

scholarly journals Diversity of Earthworms in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
C.O. Okoye ◽  
C.O. Chiejina ◽  
C.C. Ezeorah ◽  
J.J. Okeke ◽  
C.D. Ezeonyejiaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Diverse Habitat ◽  
Earthworm Populations

AbstractStudies reveal that not up to 50% of earthworm species have been described in the world and the understanding of earthworm diversity is finite in most countries including Nigeria. The study was aimed at evaluating the diversity of earthworms and environmental factors affecting their abundance. Earthworms were collected from three (3) different sampling locations in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Descriptive statistics and estimation of species abundance, dominance and diversity were used to analyze the data obtained from the study. From the study, four (4) species of earthworms were identified and recorded from the three sampling locations. Eudrilus eugeniae (54.9%) was the most abundant species followed by Hyperidrilus africanus (20.3%), Libyodrilus violaceous (19.6%) and Alma millsoni (6.3%) with the least abundant species. The result of the diversity indices showed Science village (1.13) as the most diverse habitat followed by Emelda hostel (0.86) and Boys’ hostel (0.84) with the least diversity of species. Soil pH ranged from 2.25 to 4.06 and total organic matter ranged from 14.10 to 16.36%. Soil temperature was uniform with an average value of 27°C for the three sampling locations. The soil moisture content ranged from 11.19 to 14.12%. The conductivity recorded the lowest value (25.60μS/cm) in Emelda Hostel and highest value (111.8 μS/cm) in Science village. The study provided understanding into the patterns of earthworm populations in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka and the need for the conservation of earthworm diversity. Better understanding about habitat and living conditions of earthworms is required to provide suitable and enhanced production of vermicompost in different geographic conditions.

scholarly journals Species enumeration and diversity of fire experimental plot at Olokemeji Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
A.J. Oloketuyi ◽  
O.D. Akinyemi ◽  
D.M. Taiwo ◽  
O.R. Jeminiwa ◽  
A.A. Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
High Dominance

The fire experimental plot of a total landed area of 0.174 ha was divided into three equal parts designated Plot A, Plot B and Plot C, corresponding to the early burnt, the late burnt and the control plot, respectively. Out of the 15 species of trees identified, six species belong to Fabaceae- Mimosoideae family and other families represented are Combretaceae, Meliaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Urtiaceae and Sapotaceae. Gmelina arborea was the most abundant species and it was found in plot A, B and C. The diversity indices enumerated were Dominance index, Simpson index, Shannon index or diversity index and evenness index. Plot C had the highest abundance (species count), followed by Plot A and Plot B. While Plot B depicted a high dominance, dominance was low in Plot A and lowest in Plot C. This means that a particular species was dominating Plot B, which was Gmelina arborea. This Gmelina arborea also dominated Plot A but to a lesser extent compared to Plot B. Plot C was richer in species than Plot A and Plot B. The Shannon index was low across the three plots, but considerably highest in Plot C. Evenness index was moderate at Plot C, implying that there was an even distribution of tree species in Plot C, while evenness was low at Plot A and Plot B. Comparing the present data with the older data, it is clear that the fire experimental plot has undergone deforestation over the years, which requires urgent attention and reforestation. Key words: cluster, dendogram, deforestation, burning, richness

scholarly journals Shifts in Rhizoplane Communities of Aquatic Plants after Cadmium Exposure

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2484-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Stout ◽  
Klaus Nüsslein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Dominant Group

ABSTRACT In this study we present the comparative molecular analysis of bacterial communities of the aquatic plant Lemna minor from a contaminated site (RCP) and from a laboratory culture (EPA), as well as each of these with the addition of cadmium. Plants were identified as L. minor by analysis of the rpl16 chloroplast region. Comparative bacterial community studies were based on the analyses of 16S rRNA clone libraries, each containing about 100 clones from the root surfaces of plants. Bacterial communities were compared at three phylogenetic levels of resolution. At the level of bacterial divisions, differences in diversity index scores between treatments, with and without cadmium within the same plant type (EPA or RCP), were small, indicating that cadmium had little effect. When we compared genera within the most dominant group, the β-proteobacteria, differences between unamended and cadmium-amended libraries were much larger. Bacterial diversity increased upon cadmium addition for both EPA and RCP libraries. Analyses of diversity at the phylotype level showed parallel shifts to more even communities upon cadmium addition; that is, percentage changes in diversity indices due to cadmium addition were the same for either plant type, indicating that contamination history might be independent of disturbance-induced diversity shifts. At finer phylogenetic levels of resolution, the effects of cadmium addition on bacterial communities were very noticeable. This study is a first step in understanding the role of aquatic plant-associated microbial communities in phytoremediation of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Komunitas Fitoplankton di Daerah Litoral Danau Maninjau dan Sungai Ranggeh, Kabupaten Agam Kaitannya dengan Kandungan Nutrien

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Fachmijany Sulawesty ◽  
Yustiawati Yustiawati ◽  
Siti Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Littoral Area

<p><strong>Phytoplankton Community Relationship with Nutrient Content in the Littoral Areas of Lake Maninjau and Ranggeh River, Agam Regency.</strong><strong> </strong>Phytoplankton in Lake Maninjau is a food source for fish and plankton-eating fish such as Bada fish (<em>Rasbora</em> sp.), Lake Maninjau endemic fish that have high economic value. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus would be the limiting factors for phytoplankton growth. This observation aims to determine the composition and abundance of phytoplankton to nutrient content in the littoral areas of Maninjau Lake and Ranggeh River. The observations were conducted on April, July, August, September, October, and November 2018 at several observation stations. The results show that there were phytoplankton groups, ie. Chlorophyta (53 species), Bacillariophyta (35 species), Cyanophyta (six species), Euglenophyta (five species), and Dinophyta (two species). The phytoplankton abundance in Maninjau littoral region ranged from 0.07 x 10<sup>6</sup> - 5.8 x 10<sup>6</sup>individual.L<sup>-1</sup>, while in Ranggeh River ranges from 0.0016 x 10<sup>6</sup> - 2.1 x 10<sup>6</sup>individual.L<sup>-1</sup>.  In July 2018, the most abundant species was <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> (Cyanophyta), in August and September were <em>Synedra ulna</em> (Bacillaryophyta) while in October and November were <em>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</em> (Cyanophyta).  Based on the diversity index, evenness index and dominance index, the phytoplankton community in the littoral area of Maninjau Lake was unstable compared to Ranggeh River. Principal component analysis showed that the abundance of Cyanophyta in the Maninjau littoral area was influenced by the concentration of phosphorus.</p>

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals On a Variational Definition for the Jensen-Shannon Symmetrization of Distances Based on the Information Radius

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Frank Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Variational Optimization ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Jensen Shannon Divergence

We generalize the Jensen-Shannon divergence and the Jensen-Shannon diversity index by considering a variational definition with respect to a generic mean, thereby extending the notion of Sibson’s information radius. The variational definition applies to any arbitrary distance and yields a new way to define a Jensen-Shannon symmetrization of distances. When the variational optimization is further constrained to belong to prescribed families of probability measures, we get relative Jensen-Shannon divergences and their equivalent Jensen-Shannon symmetrizations of distances that generalize the concept of information projections. Finally, we touch upon applications of these variational Jensen-Shannon divergences and diversity indices to clustering and quantization tasks of probability measures, including statistical mixtures.

scholarly journals Sheep nemabiome diversity and its response to anthelmintic treatment in Swedish sheep herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Halvarsson ◽  
Johan Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nematode Diversity

Abstract Background A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of different species. Herein we describe for the first time the nematode community structures (nemabiomes) inhabiting Swedish sheep and how these are/were affected by host age and recent anthelmintic treatments. Methods A total of 158 fecal samples were collected (n = 35 in 2007 and n = 123 in 2013–2016) and cultured from groups of sheep on 61 commercial farms in the south-central part of the country where most animals are grazed. Among the samples, 2 × 44 (56%) were paired collections from the same groups pre- and post-treatment with anthelmintics such as macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles or levamisole. Samples were analyzed for their nemabiome using the PacBio platform followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis with SCATA. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed in R. Results Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in all larval culture samples except two, even though the fecal egg counts were below the McMaster threshold in 20 samples. Sequencing yielded, on average, 1008 sequences per sample. In total, 16 operational taxonomical units (OTU), all with ≥ 98 % identity to sequences in the NCBI database, were recognized. The OTUs found represented nematode species of which ten are commonly associated with sheep. Multiple species were identified in all pre-anthelmintic treatment larval culture samples. No effects on nematode diversity were found in relation to host age. On the other hand, recent anthelmintic treatment lowered species richness, especially after use of ivermectin and albendazole. Interestingly, despite zero egg counts after use of levamisole, these samples still contained nematode DNA and especially H. contortus. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that nemabiome analysis combined with diversity index analysis provides an objective methodology in the study of the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment as both high and low abundant species were detected.

Temporal and spatial variability in the community structure of the fauna of four sandy beaches in south-eastern New South Wales.

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Four intertidal sandy beaches with different exposures, La Perouse, Ocean Beach, Dolls Point, and Towra Point, were studied for temporal and spatial changes in faunal composition and community structure. Each of these beaches was sampled from 6 to 12 times between July 1980 and July 1981 using a 500 �m sieve. A stratified random sampling procedure across the intertidal zone isolated 40 660 individuals representing 85 species. Distribution and abundance of species were strongly influenced by tidal level. Densities changed during the year but no seasonal changes in intertidal zonation patterns were found. Changes in density were correlated with the reproductive activities of the abundant species, especially Pseudolana concinna and Exoediceros maculosus at La Perouse, and Spio pacifica at Dolls Point and Towra Point. The number of species increased from high to low tide, and also increased with decreasing exposure to wave action. Crustaceans dominated the fauna in the most exposed site and decreased in abundance with increasing protection. Ocean Beach experienced the least fluctuation in physical factors such as wave action, salinity, and temperature, and its fauna exhibited the highest diversity index (H') and evenness (J'), the most stable density, and the greatest stability in faunal composition through time. The highest densities and the most species were found at Towra Point, which also was the most protected site.

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