scholarly journals Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfoxide in Posidonia oceanica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Richir ◽  
Willy Champenois ◽  
Jimmy de Fouw ◽  
Alberto V. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Sample Material ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
High Production ◽  
Aged Leaf

Abstract The present work aims at determining the natural variability of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) contents in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, which is the largest producer of these molecules reported to data among coastal autotrophs. Samples were collected during a period of 3.5 years in the pristine Revellata Bay (Calvi, northwestern Corsica, France). The DMSP content ranged from 25 to 265 µmol.gfw−1; DMSO from 1.0 to 13.9 µmol.gfw−1. The dynamics of the two molecules were closely linked, the DMSO content being equivalent to 3.5 % of the DMSP content, all leaf samples considered (n = 423 samples and 414 DMSP(O) data pairs). The annual growth cycle of the seagrass diluted the initial stocks of the two molecules. Temperature indirectly affected molecule content dynamics through their direct effect on the seagrass productivity and biomass. Inter-annual variations in DMSP(O) content in relation to shallow water temperature might further indicate that DMSP(O) could have been involved in the physiological response of P. oceanica to heat-stress. Finally, middle-aged leaf tissues with an organosulfur molecule content similar to the average value calculated for the seagrass leaf bundle appeared to be the best choice of sample material to study DMSP and DMSO in that species. More research is needed to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules in seagrasses, the evolutionary reasons for such a high production in P. oceanica and the physiological functions they play.

scholarly journals CRISPRi-Guided Metabolic Flux Engineering for Enhanced Protopanaxadiol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11836
Author(s):  
Soo-Hwan Lim ◽  
Jong-In Baek ◽  
Byeong-Min Jeon ◽  
Jung-Woo Seo ◽  
Min-Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Flux System ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

Protopanaxadiol (PPD), an aglycon found in several dammarene-type ginsenosides, has high potency as a pharmaceutical. Nevertheless, application of these ginsenosides has been limited because of the high production cost due to the rare content of PPD in Panax ginseng and a long cultivation time (4–6 years). For the biological mass production of the PPD, de novo biosynthetic pathways for PPD were introduced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the metabolic flux toward the target molecule was restructured to avoid competition for carbon sources between native metabolic pathways and de novo biosynthetic pathways producing PPD in S. cerevisiae. Here, we report a CRISPRi (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference)-based customized metabolic flux system which downregulates the lanosterol (a competing metabolite of dammarenediol-II (DD-II)) synthase in S. cerevisiae. With the CRISPRi-mediated suppression of lanosterol synthase and diversion of lanosterol to DD-II and PPD in S. cerevisiae, we increased PPD production 14.4-fold in shake-flask fermentation and 5.7-fold in a long-term batch-fed fermentation.

scholarly journals Profitability of Mechanical Fruit Thinning of ‘Sumner’ and ‘Cape Fear’ Pecan

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-520
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells ◽  
D. Scott Carlson ◽  
R. Philip Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Light Production ◽  
High Production ◽  
Mechanical Thinning ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Premature Germination ◽  
Profit Potential

The effects of mechanical fruit thinning on pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] yield, nut quality, and profitability were assessed using ‘Sumner’ and ‘Cape Fear’ pecan trees cultivated in a commercial orchard. The moderate to light production year (OFF year) return crop and return crop value of ‘Cape Fear’ and ‘Sumner’ was increased by mechanical thinning in the year of high production (ON year). This enhanced the 2-year total value and 2-year average value of both cultivars. Increased profitability of these cultivars with mechanical fruit thinning results primarily from higher yields and prices in the OFF year of production, which offset any loss in yield and/or crop value generated by fruit thinning in the ON year. Premature germination of ‘Cape Fear’ pecans was reduced from 34% to 4% with mechanical fruit thinning. Mechanical fruit thinning appears to be a highly valuable practice, leading to increased profit potential for ‘Cape Fear’ and ‘Sumner’ pecan.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Posidonia oceanica Ecosystem Services along the Italian Coast

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Sergio Scanu ◽  
Daniele Piazzolla ◽  
Simone Bonamano ◽  
Marina Penna ◽  
Viviana Piermattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This study reports the quantification and analysis of the ecosystem services (ESs) value of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile (1813) meadows in Italy (Liguria, Tuscany, Latium, Campania, Calabria, Apulia, Sardinia, and Sicily regions). The ES evaluation method of P. oceanica meadows applied in this study was obtained from a previous study in which the site-specific approach for the definition of the benefits and services was applied. The distribution of P. oceanica and the ESs economic value have been managed through an open-source geographic information system (QGIS), focusing on five essential ESs: carbon sequestration, bioremediation, oxygen production, erosion protection, and food production. The average value of the ESs obtained on the Italian national scale is €21,660.5 ha−1 yr−1, which is comparable with the values reported in the international literature concerning P. oceanica ESs. The results of this study confirm that the economic evaluation of ESs is an essential tool for the management of the coastal marine environment, especially considering the modularity of the applied approach. The value of the total benefits, considering the entire extension of the national P. oceanica meadows, represents significant value with respect to the Italian gross domestic product, and the individual budgets of the considered Italian regions.

Physiological response of Posidonia oceanica to heavy metal pollution along the Tyrrhenian coast

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bertini ◽  
Francesca Focaracci ◽  
Silvia Proietti ◽  
Patrizia Papetti ◽  
Carla Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses

Heavy metal (HM) pollution of marine coastal areas is a big concern worldwide. The marine phanerogam Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is widely considered to be a sensitive bioindicator of water pollution due to its ability to sequester trace elements from the environment. The analysis of specific biomarkers, like reactive oxygen species scavengers, could allow us to correlate the physiological response of P. oceanica meadows to water pollution. In this study, we analysed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and the expression level of the corresponding genes in the leaves of P. oceanica plants harvested from four meadows distributed along the Tyrrhenian coast; lipid peroxidation and the expression level of two genes related to HM response, metallothionein-2b and chromethylase, were also measured. The results of biochemical and molecular analyses were correlated with the concentration of some HMs, such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, measured in P. oceanica leaves. We found a very strong antioxidant response in plants from the Murelle meadow whose HM concentration was the lowest for most of the analysed HMs, particularly Cu.

scholarly journals Study of Variability of Atmospheric Ozone over Jumla in Half Period of 24 Solar Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
P. M. Shrestha ◽  
N. P. Chapagain ◽  
I. B. Karki ◽  
K. N. Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ◽  
Clearness Index ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ozone Column

This paper reports the variation of total ozone column (TOC) over Jumla (Lat.:-29.28° N, Long.:-82.16° E and Alt.:- 2300 m above sea level) from 2008 to 2014 derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite observations. The monthly, seasonal, annual variations of TOC, solar insolation and clearness index have been analyzed. The result exemplifies that during the whole study period, the maximum value of monthly average TOC is 289.21 DU ± 10.75 DU in April, while the minimum value is 257.23 DU ± 11.25 DU in December. The results also show that TOC is highly seasonal dependent with larger TOC in spring 273.68 DU ± 14.92 DU and lower in the winter season (260.68 DU ± 15.25 DU). The average annual value of TOC exhibits slightly variable with a maximum in 2010 (277.52 DU ± 40.64 DU) and minimum in 2008 (267.19 DU ± 11.11 DU). The average values of solar insolation and clearness index for whole study the period are 5.10 86 kWh/m2/day ± 0.86 kWh/m2/day and 0.59 ± 0.12 respectively. The average value of TOC during the whole study period is 271.84 DU ± 14.19 DU, which indicates a good amount of stratospheric ozone content over Jumla.

Preliminary Report of a Comparative Study of Seminiferous Tubular Epithelium from Rats Flown on Cosmos 1887 and SL3

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
Walter J. Sapp ◽  
D.E. Philpott ◽  
C.S. Williams ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
Normal Offspring ◽  
Rats And Mice

Space flight, with its unique environmental constraints such as immobilization, decreased and increased pressures, and radiation, is known to affect testicular morphology and spermatogenesis. Selye, summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Reports of data collected from two dogs flown in space for 22 days (Cosmos 110) indicate that there was an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa when compared to ground based controls. Seventy-five days after the flight the abnormalities had decreased to the high normal value of 30% and mating of these dogs after this period produced normal offspring, suggesting complete recovery. Effects of immobilization and increased gravity were investigated by spinning rats and mice at 2x g for 8-9 weeks. A decrease in testicular weight was noted in spun animals when compared to controls. Immobilization has been show to cause arrest of spermatogenesis in Macaca meminstrins.

Some Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants (Ozone and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) on the Ultrastructure of Leaf Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
William W. Thomson ◽  
Elizabeth S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Individual

The oxidant air pollutants, ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate, are produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of light with nitrogen oxides and gaseous hydrocarbons. These oxidants are phytotoxicants and are known to deleteriously affect plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry. In many instances they induce changes which lead to the death of cells, tissues, organs, and frequently the entire plant. The most obvious damage and biochemical changes are generally observed with leaves.Electron microscopic examination of leaves from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum L.) fumigated for .5 to 2 hours with 0.3 -1 ppm of the individual oxidants revealed that changes in the ultrastructure of the cells occurred in a sequential fashion with time following the fumigation period. Although occasional cells showed severe damage immediately after fumigation, the most obvious change was an enhanced clarity of the cell membranes.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document