scholarly journals Analysis of Current Status and Simulations of Future Spread of COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
A DeVries
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Current Status ◽  
American People ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Policy

Abstract COVID-19 has killed more than 500,000 people in the United States, as of mid-February 2021. Forecasting of COVID-19 spread is helpful for key policy discussions. The transmission coefficient kn of COVID-19 spread varies across time. Accurately forecasting COVID-19 spread is difficult because of the time-dependent kn and becomes more complicated when coronavirus vaccination needs to be considered. In this study, the l-i AIR model was further developed for analyzing COVID-19 spread accompanied by coronavirus vaccinations in the United States. We determined all values of kn prior to January 13, 2021 and calculated the actual number of cumulative infections (In) including asymptomatic infected individuals. We observed 4 plateaus of kn, which corresponded to four national social events. This suggests that events that reduce social distancing and/or percentage of mask wearing played an important role in the acceleration of COVID-19 transmission. Our simulations show that if the American people return to their normal life before 100 million of people are vaccinated, there is likely to be at least one large surge of daily COVID-19 cases. However, if the American people partially return (kn≤0.4) to normal life after 100 million vaccinations, and completely return (kn=1) to normal life after two thirds of the US population are vaccinated in addition to those who have gained some immunity through coronavirus infections, the US may avoid any additional major surge of COVID-19 cases.

The events of Iraq and its reflection on US-Turkish relations since 2011

2019 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Muthanna Faiq Meri ◽  
Nathir Sami Abdel Wahid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Security

The political, security, economic and social events taking place in the Iraqi arena - both before 2003 and in the period that followed - have different effects at the internal and external levels due to the overlap of interests and the multilateral parties concerned with the situation of Iraq and related to it in one way or another, including its impact on the United States US and Turkey, as the United States of America, the countries that occupied Iraq in 2003 and then withdrew from it in 2011 and is associated with treaties and strategic agreements, Turkey is the northern neighbor of Iraq and links with links and political and security issues and economy And thus the events in Iraq positively and negatively affect relations between the US and Turkey.

Abortion in the United States: The continuing controversy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J Beckman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medication Abortion ◽  
Abortion Debate ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Underlying Causes

In the United States, abortion rates have been falling for several decades while attitudes have remained relatively stable. Given this background, this paper examines the current status of the fluid and contentious US abortion debate. Five relevant questions are examined: (1) What is responsible for the new wave of restrictive laws and what are their effects? (2) What is most likely responsible for changes in abortion rates? (3) What are the effects of the addition of medication abortion into the mix of abortion services? (4) What forces continue to fuel economic, geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in access to abortion services? (5) Why have gay rights been embraced by a majority of the US public and supported in legislation and judicial decisions, while during this same time period abortion rights have stagnated or declined? It is crucial for feminists to continue to promote the cause of abortion and other reproductive rights. Most important, however, is a focus on broader social issues for women (e.g., adequate education, affordable day care) and the underlying causes of unequal power in society.

scholarly journals The US American Self-criticism. Stories of Anger and Bewilderment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Montserrat Huguet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Us History ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Limited Company ◽  
Paranoid Style

Criticism to the system is a core place in the US American culture.The self-criticism gets its roots in the permanent restlessness of the American People, in their fears, in their dissatisfaction, and even in their insane self-destructive behabiour. Many episodes in the American history have worked out from attitudes of paranoia, disgust or anger towards communities or the public administration. The natural rhythm of society in the United States is far from acceptance and calm. On the contrary, the US history is defined by restlessnees and doubious sentiments. Thus, one might think that the American dream is fundamentally a state of permanent crisis in which people, unable to deal with their present vital conditions, transmute these conditions into havoc and creation. In the pages of this article, a breaf tour into the historical and cultural trend of discouragement is offered. It also pays attention to the American ability to self-analyze its own historical experiences. The fictionated stories, that come from the imagination but also from people’s voices and memories, convey a sense of dissatisfaction and of struggle to improve the American way of behaving. Those citizens, especially uncomfortable with themselves or with the administration, may not be aware that they are precisely those who constitute the best US image abroad. In the ostentation of a self- criticism, of a subversive thought, these Americans, opposed to the official positions,feature the virtue of the relentless self-purge.Therefore,looking at past and present times, this paper is composed by six related arguments that rely on both historical events and fictionated stories, with the titles of: “Under the paranoid style”; “The angry nation”, “Hate: Public Limited Company”, “Images of anger”, “Guilty, ashamed and redeemed”, and “The legacy of disenchantment”.

United States Environmental Protection Agency National Radon Proficiency Programmes

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
P.P. Jalbert ◽  
G.L. Salmon ◽  
S. De Scisciolo (INVITED)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us

Abstract The US Environmental Protection Agency's voluntary National Radon Proficiency Programmes: Radon Measurement, and Reduction Proficiency are described, including their history and development, current status and future directions. The Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) and Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) programmes are fundamental to the Agency's programme to reduce the health risk associated with exposure to elevated radon levels in indoor air. Originally developed to provide technical assistance to States, the proficiency programmes now offer US consumers assurance of the quality of their radon measurements and reduction jobs. In other words, the proficiency programmes provide a means to consumers for deciding from which organisations or individuals to purchase radon services. This is especially important in the United States where most radon services are acquired through private enterprises rather than through the public sector. The Agency encourages the public to purchase radon measurement and reduction services only from organisations or individuals that have met the requirements of EPA's proficiency programmes. An increasing number of States require an EPA proficiency listing for their radon registration, licensing, and certification programmes. EPA estimates that about 85% of US companies offering radon services are participating in its proficiency programmes. Consequently, the Agency believes that the development and growth of quality radon services has kept pace with consumer demand. The United States markeplace for residential radon measurement and mitigation services has been dynamic since its inception in the mid-1980s. The fluidity of the market is likely to continue, with some significant changes appearing imminent. The US Congress is now considering legislation that would require participation in the Agency's radon proficiency programmes. In addition, this legislation contains provisions that would encourage consumer testing. Increased testing, coupled with a mandatory national proficiency programme, is likely to result in an increase in the quality of radon services available to the US public.

Temporal trends in oncology product approvals in the United States, 1986–2005

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6131-6131
Author(s):  
D. B. Ross ◽  
K. D. Weiss ◽  
P. Keegan ◽  
R. Justice ◽  
R. Pazdur
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Us ◽  
First Time ◽  
Therapeutic Biologics

6131 Background: No systematic examination of temporal trends in oncology approvals in the United States (US) has been conducted. Methods: Internal databases at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were queried to determine the number of first-time approvals for New Molecular Entities (NMEs) (both traditional drugs and therapeutic biologics) for oncology indications between the years 1986 and 2005, inclusive; 1986 was the first year for which database records were available for both drugs and biologics. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the data for time-dependent changes in approvals and approval rates. Results: During the period examined, 70 NMEs received first-time approval for an oncology indication ( Table ); 52 (74%) were drugs and 18 were biologics. The median annual number of approvals was 3 (range, 1 to 7); the maximum number of approvals during the period examined occurred in 2004. Statistical analysis showed a weak positive correlation between the number of oncology approvals and time, and between the proportion of applications approved as a percentage of all oncology product applications and time. Conclusions: Available data suggest that the number and rate of oncology product approvals has remained stable in the US over the last two decades. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Us–South Korea Relations in the Twenty-First Century

North Korea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McEachern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Research Center ◽  
American People ◽  
Us South ◽  
Positive View ◽  
United States Today ◽  
The Us

How do South Koreans see the United States today? South Koreans overwhelmingly see the United States, the US–South Korea alliance, and the American people, positively. The Pew Research Center showed South Koreans had a more positive view of the “American people” than any...

scholarly journals How many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the US if its interventions were as effective as those in China and South Korea?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Yukun Song ◽  
Menghui Li ◽  
Zhesi Shen ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

AbstractThe COVID-19 [1] pandemic has forced governments to take measures to contain the spread of the disease [2]; however, the effects have varied significantly from one country to another contingent on governments’ responses. Countries that have flattened their coronavirus curves prove that interventions can bring COVID-19 under control. These achievements hold lessons, such as the strict social distancing and coordinated efforts of all government levels in China and massive testing in South Korea, for other countries battling the coronavirus around the world. In this work, we attempt to estimate how many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the United States (US) when compared with the US’s actual number of cases assuming that on a certain date, the US took China-like or South Korea-like interventions and that these interventions would have been as effective in the US as in China and South Korea. We found that if that date was at the early stage of the outbreak (March 10), more than 99% (1.15 million) fewer infected cases could be expected by the end of the epidemic. This number decreases to 66.03% and 73.06% fewer infected cases with the China-like scenario and the South Korea-like scenario, respectively, if actions were taken on April 1, highlighting the need to respond quickly and effectively to fight the virus. Furthermore, we found that although interventions in both China and South Korea allowed the COVID-19 outbreak to be managed, the epidemic could still oscillate without strict large-scale ‘lockdown’ measures, as shown in South Korea. Our results demonstrate that early effective interventions can save considerably more people from infection and provide a worldwide alert regard the need for swift response.

Ascertaining the Trajectory of Wood-Based Bioenergy Development in the United States Based on Current Economic, Social, and Environmental Constructs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Farhad H. Masum ◽  
Kamalakanta Sahoo ◽  
Puneet Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Energy Independence

Wood-based bioenergy development could play a vital role in attaining energy independence, reducing carbon emissions, and ensuring rural prosperity in the United States. An understanding of policies supporting wood-based bioenergy development coupled with the current status of production of various wood-based bioenergy products would better the prospects of wood-based bioenergy development in the United States. An understanding of the economic feasibility, social acceptability, and environmental externalities would contribute to effective policy prescriptions for establishing the US bioeconomy. Based on a comprehensive review of existing studies, we show that the heat and electricity derived from woody feedstocks that would prevail in the future as a commercial-level conversion technology for wood-based ethanol production are still under development. Society in general is positive about the use of woody feedstocks for bioenergy development. The production cost of wood-based ethanol and electricity generation has not reduced over time, indicating a need for targeted policy support focusing on sharing the production cost of wood-based bioenergy products. Wood-based bioenergy development could meet the need for sustainable energy production without affecting existing roundwood markets with the advent of advanced silvicultural treatments and efficient biotechnologies.

Nanotechnology: Regulatory Outlook on Nanomaterials and Nanomedicines in United States, Europe and India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Rashi Malik ◽  
Sharvil Patil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Immense Potential ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Background: The outlook on “Nano-materials, products, medicine and technology” lacks a consensus on the definition to be considered by regulatory bodies all over the world. Engineered nanoparticles, the formulated products containing nanomaterials, are not subject to any precise regulation pertaining to production, handling and labeling till now. Also, nano medicines holding an immense potential involved in treatment and diagnosis with emerging research, yet, lag behind with unnoticed concerns regarding their safety and toxicity. Therefore, a regulatory framework focused on specific guidelines for products with the application of nanotechnology is being designed for extending the immense benefits of nanomedicines to humanity. Regulatory bodies have taken the forefront in dealing with the risks associated with nanomedicines, including the United States Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), and the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate of the European Commission (EC). Objective: The study aimed to depict the current status and suggest future perspectives of nanomedicine, by compiling the guidance of different regulatory bodies, thereby, eliminating the vagueness of nanotechnology in regulatory terms. Conclusion: Ambiguity continues to prevail considering the regulations and safety of nanomaterials. Therefore, it becomes vital to facilitate the harmonization of assessment practices for nanomaterials with a unanimous opinion. On global level, OECD and its Working Party are currently dealing with manufactured nanomaterials.

Chicago Católico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah E. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ethnic Succession ◽  
Immigration And Ethnicity

This book uses the Catholic parish to view Mexican immigration and ethnicity in the United States with a focus on Chicago. For Mexican immigrants, the parish had an Americanizing influence on its members. At the same time, many Mexican Americans gained a sense of mexicanidad by participating in the parish’s religious and social events. This process of building a Mexican identity and community in Chicago began in the 1920s. The first parishes served as refuges and as centers of community and identity. Mexicans fiercely attached themselves to specific parishes in Chicago, much like European American groups before them. The book explores how Chicago’s expanding Mexican Catholic population, contained in just two parishes prior to 1960, reshaped dozens of parishes and entire neighborhoods. The laity, often with Spanish-speaking clergy, made these parishes Mexican. The third largest archdiocese in the United States has, in many ways, become “Chicago católico,” a place where religious devotions hold sway well beyond church doors. With its century-old Mexican population, Chicago presaged a national trend. Today Latinos comprise 17 percent of the US population. This book’s parish-level research offers historic lessons for myriad communities currently undergoing ethnic succession and integration around the nation.

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