scholarly journals Infection by Trypanosoma spp. in Platydoras armatulus (Siluriformes, Doradidae), in Southwestern Amazon, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucena Rocha Virgilio ◽  
Gabriele Oliveira Texeira ◽  
Henrique Paulo Silva De Melo ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Prolo Junior ◽  
Ricardo Massato Takemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cardiac Puncture ◽  
Fish Blood

Abstract Trypanosoma is a hemoflagellate capable of infecting a wide variety of invertebrates and vertebrates, such as Neotropical freshwater fish. Thus, the present study described and morphologically compared Trypanosoma sp., found in Platydoras armatulus, Valenciennes, 1840, in southwestern Amazon. A sampling of fish specimens was carried out in a river located in Guajará, Amazonas, Brazil. Fish blood samples were collected through a cardiac puncture. Thus, smears were made for quantification, morphometric measurements, and morphotyping of trypanosomes found. Prevalence, mean abundance, and intensity of parasitism were estimated in the specimens of parasitized fish. Five fish specimens were collected, showing a 100% prevalence of parasites in the host. We found two Trypanosoma morphotypes, A and B, in which A had the highest infection intensity in host specimens. Thus, the present study showed the first report of Trypanosoma spp. in P. armatulus, besides the probability of two parasitic morphospecies in the blood of these fish specimens.

scholarly journals Trypanosomatids of four Loricariidae fish species in western Amazon rivers

Conjecturas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Lucena Virgilio ◽  
Gabriele Teixeira ◽  
Lorrana Almeida ◽  
Henrique Melo ◽  
Sergio Prolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Cardiac Puncture ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

The presence of trypanosomatids in fish is well known and can occur in many fish species worldwide. In this sense, this study aims to report the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in four species of the Loricariidae family in the western Amazon, as well as the morphology of these hemoparasites. The fish were collected in three sub-basins of the states of Acre and Amazonas, Brazil. Fish blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, with smears made for quantification, morphometric measurements, and morphotyping of the trypanosomes found. We estimated the prevalence and parasitism density data. The morphometric variables of Trypanosoma sp. were subjected to analysis of variance. We found new reports of Trypanosoma distribution and occurrence in Loricariidae species for western Amazonia. The examined fish showed infection by more than one Trypanosoma spp. morphotype A has been identified infecting Loricariichthys anus, Sturisoma cf. robustum, and Loricaria cataphracta, morphotype B occurred in all fish species, and morphotypes C, D, and E occurred only in Loricaria sp. There was a significant difference between the morphotypes according to the morphometric parameters. Thus, this study significantly clarified the morphological variation, distribution, and diversity of Trypanosoma hosts.

scholarly journals Results of wellness examinations of 28 African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus) puppies at the Denver Zoological Foundation

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Kenny ◽  
K. Mobley ◽  
S. Hinkle ◽  
C. Bickel ◽  
F. Knightly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Since 2002 the Denver Zoological Foundation has produced 28 African hunting dog (Lycaon Pictus) puppies in 3 litters (7, 14 and 7 pups) from the same dam and sire. Wellness examinations were performed on each puppy. The wellness examinations spanned the range of 6-14 weeks of age. During the wellness examinations, in addition to physical examinations and vaccinations, blood samples for complete blood counts and sera biochemistry were obtained.Weights, morphometric measurements, rectal cultures for enteric pathogens and dental eruption patterns were recorded. Blood samples from each age group were compared with adult values from the Denver Zoo. It was noted that animals from the 14-pup litter were 63.6 % of the mean weight of the two 7-pup litters, but size differences (in, for example, total bodylength) were less apparent. Two organisms were recovered from rectal cultures, namely Yersinia enterocolitica (n = 2) and Plesiomonas shigelloides (n = 3). The following deciduous eruption patterns were also noted; at 6 weeks, I1-3, i1-3, C1, c1, P1-2 and p1-2 (n=7) were present, at 9-10 weeks, P3 and p3 (n=21) , and finally at 12-14 weeks, P4 (n = 28).

scholarly journals Plasmoptysis and Gelation of Erythrocytes in Coagulation of Blood of Freshwater Bony Fishes

Blood ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEN WOLF
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Slide Test ◽  
Time Required

Abstract 1. A clot-like material which results from very rapid plasmoptysis and hydrophyllic swelling of karyoplasm of erythrocytes from freshwater fish was reported. This attribute was found to a lesser degree in erythrocytes from an amphibian, but it was almost lacking in those of an aquatic reptile. 2. Rapid clotting of fish blood with the usual clinical methods was confirmed in this work. Fish blood clotted more quickly with the slide test than with the capillary tube test. In the presence of water, complete coagulation of fish blood occurred in only 65 per cent of the time required for clotting to be completed in air. This speed is attributed to the water-erythrocyte reaction, and not to a quality of the plasma. 3. An attempt was made to correlate the findings with the need for hemostasis and blood coagulation that is peculiar to aquatic vertebrates.

scholarly journals Humane Use of Cardiac Puncture for Non-Terminal Phlebotomy of Wild-Caught and Released Peromyscus spp.

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Scott C. Williams ◽  
Megan A. Linske ◽  
Kirby C. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Cardiac Puncture ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Integrated Tick Management ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Infection Monitoring

The cardiac puncture technique for obtaining relatively large volume (50–150 µL) blood samples from sedated rodents has been used in research for nearly a century. Historically, its use to phlebotomize and then release live rodents was more common. However, recently its use in a non-terminal capacity frequently imparts negative connotations in part because exsanguination of sedated animals via cardiac puncture is now an American Veterinary Medical Association-approved euthanasia technique. This association has resulted in ethical concerns by manuscript reviewers and in a few instances, outright refusal by some peer-reviewed journals to publish research that utilized the technique. To counter the perceived negative associations with its non-terminal use, we summarized nearly two decades (2001–2019) of capture and handling data throughout Connecticut, resulting in over 7000 cardiac punctures performed on nearly 5000 sedated, live-captured and released Peromyscus spp. We show that our total handling mortality rate (3.7%) was comparable, if not lower, than similar field studies that utilized other phlebotomy techniques. Many public health, integrated tick management, and vector-borne disease ecology studies require samples from individual wild-caught Peromyscus spp. over time to determine intervention efficacy and pathogen infection monitoring, and in such field studies, post-operative care is not an option. Proper execution of cardiac puncture does not increase susceptibility of individuals to predation upon release as can potential ocular abnormalities or infections that can occur as the result of use of other techniques. We posit that neither exsanguination nor resulting euthanasia are requirements of cardiac puncture and that its use is entirely appropriate for obtaining blood samples from live-captured and released Peromyscus spp. Properly performed cardiac puncture is an excellent technique to obtain blood samples from sedated, individual Peromyscus spp. on multiple appropriately-spaced occasions over single trapping seasons while keeping animal welfare a top priority.

First report about saxitoxins in freshwater fish Hoplias malabaricus through trophic exposure

Toxicon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. da Silva ◽  
Eliane T. Oba ◽  
Wanessa A. Ramsdorf ◽  
Valéria F. Magalhães ◽  
Marta M. Cestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Myxobolus sp. (Myxozoa) in the circulating blood of Colossoma macropomum (Osteichthyes, Characidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Oliveira Maciel ◽  
Elizabeth Gusmão Affonso ◽  
Cheila de Lima Boijink ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias ◽  
Luis Antonio Kioshi Aoki Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Myxosporean Species

Myxosporea parasitize many organs in fresh and saltwater fish. Species of the genus Myxobolus parasitizing the gills and other organs of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum have been described. In the present study, blood smears were made from juvenile tambaqui and were stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa-Wright in order to identify myxozoan parasites. Out of a total of 36 fish examined, one specimen (2.7%) that was reared in a cage presented spores that were identified as M. colossomatis, whereas fish kept in 250 L tanks showed prevalence of 5.5%. This is the first report of M. colossomatis in the blood of farmed tambaqui in the Amazon region. These results indicate that myxozoan parasites should also be investigated in fish blood smears. Some myxosporean species may cause diseases in fish, and these species need to be identified so that adequate preventive sanitary control can be instituted.

Detection of Babesia occultans protozoa in cattle from territory of eastern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-259
Author(s):  
Marta Staniec ◽  
Mateusz Winiarczyk ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak ◽  
Aneta Nowakiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
First Report

Summary Objective: Bovine piroplasmoses are tick-borne protozoan diseases caused by parasites of the genus Theileria and Babesia. The aim of this work was to study the epizootic situation of babesiosis in the cattle population in eastern Poland and possibly to determine which species of protozoa infects Polish cattle. Material, methods and results: Blood samples for molecular analysis (real time PCR) were collected from 192 dairy cattle from various farms located in eastern Poland. The infection was detected in 10.4 % of the samples. All animals were infected with Babesia occultans which sequence of the 18S RNA gene fragment showed a 92.8 % homology with the sequence of B. occultans EU 376017. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This is the first report about the detection of B. occultans DNA in asymptomatic cattle in eastern Poland. The results obtained indicate that the range of these parasites is increasing and that continuous monitoring of babesiosis in cattle in Europe and in Poland is necessary.

scholarly journals Molecular sexing and intersexual differences in the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reinaldo T. Medeiros ◽  
Flávia G. Chaves ◽  
Maurício B. Vecchi ◽  
Denise M. Nogueira ◽  
Maria Alice S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Molecular Sexing ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Males And Females

Variation in the morphometry of individuals in a population may result from natural or sexual selection. In the present study we investigated morphometric differences between males and females of a bird species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant, Hemitriccus nidipendulus (Wied, 1831), with no apparent sexual dimorphism. All individuals (n = 56) were sexed by PCR amplification of the intronic fragments of the CHDZ/CHDW alleles obtained from blood samples, and 12 morphometric measurements were recorded. The molecular configuration was similar to that described for other species of Passeriformes, with males presenting a single band of approximately 360 base pairs (bp), and females with two bands of 360 and 400 bp. Males had significantly larger tarsi and wings than the females, while the females had two larger beak measurements. This indicates that differential selection pressures may be modeling the morphometry of the Hangnest Tody-Tyrant. In the males, larger tarsi and wings may be beneficial for the exploration of the habitat or the acquisition of potential mates, while females with larger beaks may be able to exploit larger food items and forage more efficiently. However, these hypotheses need to be tested empirically in future studies.

Molecular characterization of Theileria spp. in livestock and the first report on the occurrence of Theileria sp. OT3 in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei ◽  
Adel Spotin ◽  
Ramin Pouriran ◽  
Abbas Shahbazi ◽  
Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani
Keyword(s):  
Distance Matrix ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Theileria Lestoquardi ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Theileria lestoquardi, T. ovis, and T. annulata are recognized as major causative agents for ovine and cattle theileriosis in Iran, respectively. Recently, there have been reports on the presence of Theileria spp. (Theileria sp. OT1, Theileria sp. OT3, and Theileria sp.). In this study, 37 blood samples were collected from sheep and cattle with clinically suspected Theileria infection in the Northwest of Iran. The samples were analyzed using a light microscope. DNA samples were amplified via nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 18S rRNA gene. The amplicons were digested with HpaII, following restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequenced to reconfirm Theileria species. The microscopic examination indicated that 4 out of 37 (10.8%) blood samples were infected with Theileria spp. Based on the nested PCR-RFLP and sequencing data, 5.4%, 13.5%, and 27% of blood samples were infected with Theileria sp. OT3, T. ovis, and T. annulata, respectively. The pairwise distance matrix of Theileria sp. OT3 showed 99.8–100% identity and 0–0.2% divergence in comparison with the registered sequences. The present study is the first report of Theileria sp. OT3 in Iran. To the evaluate evolution of Theileria spp. and providing resultant genetic data, further research with a larger sample is necessary in the region.

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