scholarly journals Measles outbreak in a migrant laborer population in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplov Adhikari ◽  
Sauharda Singh Karki ◽  
Amrit Devkota ◽  
Rahul Thakur ◽  
Nabina Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We describe a measles outbreak in migrant laborers working in a carpet factory in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The outbreak occurred during the nationwide lockdown enforced to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and 2 weeks after the Supplmentary Immunization Activities done for measles elimination. We included all the patients from the factory presenting to Mulpani Primary Health Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal with acute febrile rash illness. Recovered patients with history of fever and rash within the defined outbreak period with a clear epidemiological linkage were also included. Laboratory confirmation was done by detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in serum samples against the measles virus via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We compared attack rates (ARs) between those less than 5 years and 5 years or older. We identified 11 case patients ranging from 7 months to 27 years of age (3 below 5years of age); rash onsets were from 28 March-20 April 2020. All case-patients were laborers who had immigrated to Kathmandu from rural parts of the country. We sent serum samples of 7 patients for laboratory confirmation; 5 patients tested positive. The remaining four patients had a clear epidemiological linkage. The average attack rate was 30.5% with no significant difference between attack rates among the <5 years and the ≥5 years reported as 37.5 and 28.5 respectively. Migrant population from rural regions with poor outreach of essential health services like vaccination can act as pockets of measles susceptible individuals if not measles reservoirs. The squalid conditions in which the migrant laborers live-in can also compound the risk of outbreak in such populations. It is prudent to address the vaccination status of such population and timely correct their vaccine status if unvaccinated in order to meet the goal of measles elimination by 2023.

scholarly journals Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Immunoglobulin M Antibodies against Measles Virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Roodbari ◽  
M. H. Roustai ◽  
A. Mostafaie ◽  
H. Soleimanjdahi ◽  
R. Sarrami Foroshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Elisa System

ABSTRACT Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus infection, with typical clinical symptoms including maculopapular rash, fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Despite implementation of widespread vaccination programs throughout the world, the rates of global morbidity and mortality are still considerable. This study was performed to design a reliable indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM). First, human IgM was purified, and then an anti-IgM antibody was produced in rabbits and purified in a multistep process. The rabbit IgG against human IgM was conjugated with peroxidase. Measles virus-infected Vero cells produced viral antigen. One hundred serum samples from infants of 9 to 18 months of age, mostly vaccinated, were evaluated for determining the presence of specific IgM antibodies against measles virus. The samples were also evaluated for neutralizing antibodies against measles virus by a microneutralization test (MNT). By comparing the results of the ELISA with those of MNT, it was demonstrated that ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 92%, respectively. On the other hand, when the results obtained by our ELISA system were compared with those of an imported measles virus IgM ELISA kit (EIAgen; Adaltis Italia SPa, Bologna, Italy), a high level of agreement was shown (k = 0.926).

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection by Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA Antibodies in Serum and Saliva

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Balmaseda ◽  
María G. Guzmán ◽  
Samantha Hammond ◽  
Guillermo Robleto ◽  
Carolina Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Feasible Alternative

ABSTRACT To evaluate alternative approaches to the serological diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infection, the detection of DEN-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva specimens was assessed in 147 patients with symptoms of DEN infection seen at the Ministry of Health in Nicaragua. Seventy-two serum samples were determined to be positive for anti-DEN antibodies by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the routine diagnostic procedure. Serum and saliva specimens were obtained from 50 healthy adults as additional controls. IgM was detected in the saliva of 65 of the 72 serum IgM-positive cases, 6 of the 75 serum IgM-negative cases, and none of the control group, resulting in a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 92.0% and demonstrating that salivary IgM is a useful diagnostic marker for DEN infection. Detection of IgA in serum may be another feasible alternative for the diagnosis of DEN infection, with serum IgA found in 68 (94.4%) of the IgM-positive cases. In contrast, detection of IgA in saliva was not found to be a useful tool for DEN diagnosis in the present study. Further studies of the kinetics of antibody detection in another set of 151 paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples showed that DEN-specific IgA antibodies were detected in more acute-phase samples than were IgM antibodies. Thus, we conclude that DEN-specific IgA in serum is a potential diagnostic target. Furthermore, given that saliva is a readily obtainable, noninvasive specimen, detection of DEN-specific salivary IgM should be considered a useful, cheaper diagnostic modality with similar sensitivity and specificity to IgM detection in serum.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gari ◽  
Biressaw Serda ◽  
Dejene Negesa ◽  
Fethu Lemma ◽  
Hagos Asgedom
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Disease

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important disease of small ruminants with a rapidly expanding geographical distribution. There are fragmented reports to the occurrence and distribution of the disease in Ethiopia. A total of 700 serum samples were collected from goats and sheep to detect the presence of antibody against PPR virus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). An overall PPR seropositivity was reported to be 48.43% in the area. There is no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of the disease between sheep and goats (50.85% and 46.68%), respectively. However, there was statistically significant variation (P<0.05) in the seroprevalence of the disease in young (33.9%) and adult (55.8%) age categories. The seroprevalence in male and female was 42.07% and 50.09%, respectively, where the variation was statistically not significant (P>0.05). High seroprevalence of Peste des petites ruminants in the study area indicated the virus circulation and endemicity of the disease. The disease causes substantial economic losses by affecting the livelihood of the farmers. Therefore, control measures should be put in place to minimize the loss associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Alkan ◽  
Berrak Guven ◽  
Cigdem Coskun Turer ◽  
Umut Balli ◽  
Murat Can
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. Methods The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it’s receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Are Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Associated with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications? A Nested Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Skeith ◽  
Karim Abou-Nassar ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
Ronald Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Control Study

Background While anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) antibody positivity is included in the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the association between anti-β2GP1 and the obstetrical complications of APS has been inconsistently reported and remains unclear. Objective We completed a case–control study nested within the Canadian Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort to evaluate the association between anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Study Design Five hundred cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who experienced any of the following independently adjudicated placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, placental abruption, late pregnancy loss (≥ 12 weeks' gestation), and birth of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant < 10th percentile. Five hundred pregnant women without any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were selected as controls. Stored blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-β2GP1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Anti-β2GP1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in titers ≥ 20 G/M units (> 99th percentile) were present in 24 of 497 (4.8%) of controls and 33 of 503 (6.6%) of cases. There was no significant difference between cases and controls for the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (odds ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–2.37, p = 0.25). Conclusion Our results call into question the association between anti-β2GP1 antibodies and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, with further research needed.

Correlation of serostatus and viraemia levels among Indian dengue patients at the time of first diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Ruta Kulkarni ◽  
Shubham Shrivastava ◽  
Harshad P Patil ◽  
Divya Tiraki ◽  
Akhilesh Chandra Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Culture Infectious Dose ◽  
First Diagnosis

Abstract Background Dengue is a public health problem worldwide. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against dengue virus (DENV) are likely to be available soon. In view of the feasibility issues pertaining to pretreatment viraemia quantitation for therapy decisions, we conducted this study for investigation of a correlation between patient serostatus (NS1/immunoglobulin M [IgM]/IgG) and viraemia levels among Indian dengue patients at the time of first diagnosis. Methods The study included 297 serum samples from dengue patients in Pune, India. The samples were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG (capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for identifying secondary dengue) using Panbio ELISAs. Quantitation of viraemia was conducted using an NS1 ELISA-based 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) test in Vero cells. Results Viraemia was detectable only among NS1-positive patients (n = 229, range 0.5–8.3 logTCID50/ml) with a mean titre of 1.9 logTCID50/ml. Among the NS1-positive patients, DENV titres were higher in IgM-negative than IgM-positive patients (p &lt; 0.0001) and in primary (IgG &lt; 18 Panbio units) versus secondary (IgG &gt; 22 Panbio units) dengue patients (p = 0.002). Virus titres were higher during the first 3 days of illness and decreased later (p = 0.005). Conclusions The study provides a range of infectious DENV titres in relation to serologic status among dengue patients in India. The data suggest the possibility of using serological markers (NS1/IgM) as a basis for treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Jong Jang ◽  
Myung-Suk Huh ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Myung-Sik Choi ◽  
Ik-Sang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Capture Elisa ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Immunodominant Antigen

ABSTRACT To differentiate scrub typhus from other acute febrile diseases, a rapid and reliable serological diagnosis is important. We developed an immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of recent Orientia tsutsugamushi infections in humans. The 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi is well known as the most immunodominant antigen in scrub typhus. The test is based on the use of the biotinylated recombinant 56-kDa protein of O. tsutsugamushi Boryong, Bor56, which was expressed as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. In the test, the serum IgM antibodies were captured by anti-human IgM antibodies coated onto a microtiter plate. The captured IgM antibodies were revealed through sequential addition of biotinylated Bor56 antigen and peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin to the plate. The IgM capture ELISA was compared with the immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) by testing 176 serum samples from patients with diagnosed cases of rickettsial disease and patients with other acute febrile diseases. Of the 81 IgG IFA-positive samples, 78 tested positive (sensitivity, 96.3%) and all 31 IgM IFA-positive samples tested positive (sensitivity, 100%) by the IgM capture ELISA. The specificity of the IgM capture ELISA was 99%, and 1 of the 95 IFA-negative samples was positive in the assay. These results strongly suggest that IgM capture ELISA using the recombinant Bor56 antigen is a reliable and detailed method for the detection of early O. tsutsugamushi infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Adipokines in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D. Gherman ◽  
Aurel I. Mironiuc
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Aim. Out study aimed to assess the serum levels of adipokines in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis.Methods. Serum samples were obtained from 221 patients. One hundred and forty patients, (26 females and 114 males) met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into the case group. Eighty one patients (17 females and 64 males), were included in the control group. Circulating plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and TNF-αwere measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results. Significant lower levels of adiponectin were present () in PAOD patients ( pg/mL) compared to the control group ( pg/mL). The mean value of leptin ( pg/mL) and resistin (2047.81±3301.08 pg/mL) patients included in the PAOD group was higher, as compared to the control group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for leptin () and for resistin (). No statistically significant difference for TNF-αwas found between the two groups ().Conclusion. The markers of inflammation secreted by the adipose tissue (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) showed significant differences in patients from the case group (with PAOD) compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Tialla ◽  
Laibane Dieudonne Dahourou ◽  
Oubri Bassa Gbati
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Exotic Breed ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso

Background and Aim: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with major public health importance. To know more about this condition in Burkina Faso, this study was implemented to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pigs and cattle in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 600 cattle and 600 pigs with 300 samples from each species in intra-urban and peri-urban area of Bobo-Dioulasso. Data about age, sex, and breed of each animal were also noted. Serum samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to look for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies to T. gondii. Results: This study revealed a herd prevalence of 92.5% and 75%, respectively for porcine and bovine toxoplasmosis. At the individual level, we found a prevalence of 29% and 49.2% for cattle and pigs, respectively. For each species, we noticed a significant association between age, sex, breed husbandry system, and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence was significantly higher in female, intra-urban system, exotic breed, and animal <2 years old (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the presence of T. gondii in pigs and cattle farms around Bobo-Dioulasso. Hence, in Bobo-Dioulasso, raw or undercooked meat consumption is a risk for T. gondii infection for human. Knowledge of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis will help to target prevention efforts.

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