scholarly journals A Report on COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan: An SEIR Fractional Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Farhad Ali ◽  
Ilyas Khan ◽  
Kottakkaran Sooppy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fractional Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Given

Abstract Recently, novel coronavirus is a serious global issue and having a negative impact on the economy of the whole world. Like other countries, it also effected the economy and people of Pakistan. According to the publicly reported data, the first case of novel corona virus in Pakistan was reported on 27th February 2020. The aim of the present study is to describe the mathematical model and dynamics of COVID-19 in Pakistan. To investigate the spread of coronavirus in Pakistan, we develop the SEIR time fractional model with newly, developed fractional operator of Atangana-Baleanu. We present briefly the analysis of the given model and discuss its applications using world health organization (WHO) reported data for Pakistan. We consider the available infection cases from 19th march 2020, till 31st march 2020 and accordingly, various parameters are fitted or estimated. It is worth noting that we have calculated the basic reproduction number which shows that virus is spreading rapidly. Furthermore, stability analysis of the model at disease free equilibrium DFE and endemic equilibriums EE is performed to observe the dynamics and transmission of the model. Finally, the AB fractional model is solved numerically. To show the effect of the various embedded parameters like fractional parameter on the model, various graphs are plotted. It is worth noting that the base of our investigation, we have predicted the spread of disease for next 200 days.

scholarly journals A report on COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan using SEIR fractional model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Farhad Ali ◽  
Ilyas Khan ◽  
Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fractional Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Given

AbstractRecently, novel coronavirus is a serious global issue and having a negative impact on the economy of the whole world. Like other countries, it also effected the economy and people of Pakistan. According to the publicly reported data, the first case of novel corona virus in Pakistan was reported on 27th February 2020. The aim of the present study is to describe the mathematical model and dynamics of COVID-19 in Pakistan. To investigate the spread of coronavirus in Pakistan, we develop the SEIR time fractional model with newly, developed fractional operator of Atangana–Baleanu. We present briefly the analysis of the given model and discuss its applications using world health organization (WHO) reported data for Pakistan. We consider the available infection cases from 19th March 2020, till 31st March 2020 and accordingly, various parameters are fitted or estimated. It is worth noting that we have calculated the basic reproduction number $${\mathfrak{R}}_{0} \approx 2.30748$$ R 0 ≈ 2.30748 which shows that virus is spreading rapidly. Furthermore, stability analysis of the model at disease free equilibrium DFE and endemic equilibriums EE is performed to observe the dynamics and transmission of the model. Finally, the AB fractional model is solved numerically. To show the effect of the various embedded parameters like fractional parameter $$\alpha$$ α on the model, various graphs are plotted. It is worth noting that the base of our investigation, we have predicted the spread of disease for next 200 days.

scholarly journals Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi ◽  
Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ◽  
Xinlin He ◽  
Chengfei Li ◽  
Morteza Karimpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
First Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Role of Indian Youth in Keeping COVID - 19 at Bay : A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Shraddha Kalyani ◽  
Rushi Somani
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
First Case ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
International Boundaries

<p>A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The classical definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology or disease severity. As World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as pandemic in very beginning of year 2020. In COVID-19 CO stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.' The COVID-19 virus is a new virus linked to the same family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and some types of common cold. First case in India was detected in the last week of January 2020. As India is second largest country in terms of population with less geographical area and COVID-19 is contagious infection disease it’s going to affect large population in India and affect different sectors such as specially health and financial sector. According to ‘2011 Census of India’ in India by next 10 years from 2011 number of young people will be more, that’s why what youngsters do in such situation will define our country’s future.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of COSARS-Cov-2 on Cardio-Pulmonary-Immune Signatures: A Review of Recent Developments with a Look toward the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Charan Kudumula
Keyword(s):  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Immune Signatures ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, the first case of patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Central China. SARS-CoV-2 causes CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19 or nCoV-19) disease, which rapidly spread all over the world. In response to this serious situation, on 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. In mid-March 2020, WHO declared nCoV-19 a pandemic. By the end of September 2020, there were ~33.67 million confirmed cases and ~10.08 lakh deaths worldwide and the trend rising on each passing day. SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the pulmonary system, but cause damage to other organs such as heart, kidney and intestine. Understanding the cardio-pulmonary issues underpinning of nCOV-19 pathogenesis is key to managing outcomes and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease inhibitor TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Alveolar cells and cardiomyocytes express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of nCOV-19 pandemic from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, focusing on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardio-pulmonary-immune signatures. The study provides crucial insights into the first step of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential targets for antiviral intervention.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Do these patients have a higher risk of COVID-19 due to their underlying medication?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Claudia Dragomir ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Maria Burlui ◽  
Geanina-Florica Popescu ◽  
Ioan-Teodor Dragoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Organization

Since the first case was reported to the World Health Organization (in late December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China), by mid-June 2021, there have been 175,541,600 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, including 3,798,361 reported deaths. Many of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have an asymptomatic form of the disease or mild flu-like symptoms. In another category of patients, the disease may be more aggressive, with a severe form that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and even death with a negative impact on patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has arisen serious concerns in the rheumatology community regarding the management of immunosuppressed patients diagnosed with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. It has been stated that severe forms of COVID-19 occur as a result of exacerbated inflammation status and cytokine production. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the use of biological agents subjects the patient to a higher risk, or rather protects them against severe forms of the disease. According to the American College of Rheumatology, rheumatic diseases were not identified as a risk factor that predicted poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. However, various studies have certified that corticosteroid treatment in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases at a dose >10 mg/day is associated with an increased risk of infection as well as the possibility of developing more severe COVID-19 symptoms.

scholarly journals Know the unknown fact of novel COVID -19 corona virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Learning Points

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease triggered by the novel coronavirus. A novel coronavirus was observed as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). In December 2019, a disruption of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. In India, the first case of CORONA virus was reported in Kerala state on 30 January 2020. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases infection can give rise to pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and even death. The period within which the symptoms would appear is 1-14 days i.e. the incubation period of COVID-19. The present review highlights the types, etiology, transmission stages, manifestations, prevention, therapeutic options, learning points from outbreak, and initiative taken by Government of India (GOI) to control the spread of literary deathly disease.

scholarly journals Considerations for assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1067-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Tan ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Erica Neill ◽  
Andrea Phillipou ◽  
Wei Lin Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Case ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

During this unprecedented novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need for empirical data to characterise its impact on the mental health and well-being of Australians. In this viewpoint, we outline a number of considerations for research on this topic, highlighting areas necessitating special attention, consideration of particular vulnerable groups and the need for longitudinal studies to track mental health fluctuations in the general population. We conclude by introducing the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project, outlining its aims, addressing some considerations raised herein and detailing avenues for future research. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 (WHO, 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major upheaval both in Australia and globally. While the search for a vaccine continues, current efforts towards tackling the virus and limiting contagion in several nations have focused on social distancing and the shutdown of non-essential services. In Australia, the first case was reported on 13 January 2020 (COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team, 2020), the first death occurred on 24 February and a spate of progressive restrictions were enforced throughout the 2 weeks leading up to 31 March 2020 (COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team, 2020a).

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Aquatic Environment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1198
Author(s):  
Meng Chuan Ong ◽  
Adiana Ghazali ◽  
Roswati Md Amin ◽  
Kesaven Bhubalan ◽  
Jen Nie Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was reported for the first time in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus has been referred as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). The spread of COVID-19 has become unstoppable, infecting around 93.5 million people worldwide, with the infections and deaths still increasing. Today, the entire planet has changed due to the greatest threat on the planet since the introduction of this lethal disease. This pandemic has left the world in turmoil and various measures have been taken by many countries including movement control order or lockdown, to slow down or mitigate the infection. Since the lockdown has been implemented almost in all affected countries, there has been a significant reduction in anthropogenic activity, including a reduction in industrial operations, vehicle numbers, and marine-related activities. All of these changes have also led to some unexpected environmental consequences. As a result of this lockdown, it had a positive and negative impact on the environment including the aquatic environment. Hence this review will therefore focus on the good and bad perspectives of the lockdown toward the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Infection Spread, Recovery, and Fatality from Coronavirus in Different Provinces of Saudi Arabia

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Mohammed Muberek Alharbi ◽  
Syed Imam Rabbani ◽  
Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq ◽  
Abdulhakeem S. Alamri ◽  
Walaa F. Alsanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
First Case ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Propagation Pattern ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
June July

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19, a novel coronavirus outbreak, as a pandemic in 2020. In the month of February 2020, the disease began to spread through the Middle East. The first case of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was identified in March 2020, and it is now one of the region’s most affected countries. Analyzing the disease’s propagation pattern may aid in the development of pandemic-fighting strategies. This study aims to analyze the trend of COVID-19’s spread, its recovery, and mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Two to three major cities from the 13 provinces of the country were chosen, and the rate of infection recovery was recorded from the first month until the number of confirmed cases showed a decline. The data published on the official Ministry of Health website were recorded on an Excel sheet, graphically represented as figures to indicate the pattern of spread. According to the study’s findings, COVID-19 positive cases were discovered in the majority of provinces as early as March 2020. The province of Makkah had the largest number of COVID-19 positive cases (30.7%), followed by Riyadh (23%). The province of Al Jowf had the lowest number of COVID-19 cases (0.3%). Tabuk province had the highest rate of recovery (97.8%), followed by the Northern Border Province (96.7%). Makkah province had the highest mortality rate (2.6%), followed by Al Jawf province (2.4%). The peak case–fatality ratio was recorded in August and September. The highest number of tests to detect the COVID-19 was performed in the month of July, and the highest percentage of positive cases was detected in June (19.55%). All the provinces from the month of September 2020 showed a progressive decline in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. According to this study, COVID-19 infection was found in the majority of Saudi Arabian provinces in March 2020, with a peak in June–July 2020. Considering the climatic and demographic characteristics of the region, specific modalities need to be adopted in collaboration with international guidelines to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document