Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Northern China: a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Aims Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption. Methods Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents and assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and subpopulations. Results Among participants, only 13.9% (11.7% of men and 15.4% of women) had optimal BP levels. 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 55.3–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. A total 52.8% (52.3–53.3%) of patients with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis and 43.3% (42.8–43.8%) were taking antihypertensive medications. Only 8.6% (8.3–8.9%) of patients with hypertension had their BP under control, and 19.8% (19.2–20.4%) of those who were treated had their BP under control. The standardized rates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and control under treatment were 49.4% (49.0–49.8%), 45.4% (44.9–45.9%), 35.7% (35.2%–36.2), 7.3% (7.0–7.6%), and 20.8% (20.2–21.4%), respectively. Conclusion Hypertension is highly prevalent in northern China, with inadequate awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Even if patients with hypertension are under treatment, hypertension can remain inadequately controlled.

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Northern China: a Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38795/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Xu ◽

Han Bao ◽

Zixuan Tian ◽

Hao Zhu ◽

Lige Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northern China ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Drinker ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption.Methods: Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and subpopulations.Results: Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 55.3%–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. The national standardized and the regional standardized prevalence rate was 49.4% and 55.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, male, Han, living in rural, farmer, current drinker, not married, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia were associated with hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95% CI: 52.3%–53.3%), 43.3% (95% CI: 42.8%–43.8%), 8.6% (95% CI: 8.3%–8.9%) and 19.8% (95% CI: 19.2%–20.4%), respectively. And the 70,380 population subgroups varied with respect to hypertension prevalence (range 32.6%-73.4%), awareness (35.1%-76.2%), treatment (24.9%-64.6%), control (3.9%-20.4%), and control under treatment (11.2%-31.6%). Controlled hypertension were less common in those younger age, Mongol, not married, farmer and current drinker. Conclusion: Most patients of hypertension are going undetected and uncontrolled in northern China. Even if patients with hypertension are under treatment, hypertension can remain inadequately controlled.

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Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Northern China: a Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-38795/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Xu ◽

Han Bao ◽

Zixuan Tian ◽

Hao Zhu ◽

Lige Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northern China ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Treatment Rate ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Drinker ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure ◽

And Control

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Malaria prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines ◽

10.1186/s40794-021-00146-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bogale Belay ◽

Tegenu Gelana ◽

Araya Gebresilassie

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Health Facility ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Ethiopia has achieved considerable progresses in the prevention and control of malaria in the past decades; hitherto it is a formidable health concern and socio-economic impediment. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of malaria and KAP towards malaria among febrile patients at Chagni health center in Chagni Town during September 2017 to February 2018. In order to determine the magnitude of malaria, finger prick blood samples were collected and thick and thin smears were prepared and microscopically examined for the presence of malaria parasites. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also applied to assess KAP of suspected malaria patients, attending the health center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results Prevalence of malaria among febrile patients, who visited the sampled health facility, was 7.3%. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections accounted for 55, 44.3 and 0.7% of the cases, respectively. This study also revealed that 97% of the respondents had ever heard about malaria and recognized it as a serious health problem. Mosquito bite was identified as the main malaria transmission. Taking drug (86.3%), use of mosquito nets (73.3%), drain stagnated water (68%), and house spay with insecticides (66%) were mentioned as the main malaria prevention methods. Mosquito net coverage and utilizations in the prior night were 98 and 75%, respectively. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 99%, of which 77.5% of study participants’ houses have been sprayed in the last 6 months. Conclusions The current study revealed that prevalence of malaria among febrile illnesses in the study area was relatively low (7.3%) with a high proportion of P. falciparum. Besides, participants had adequate knowledge, encouraging attitudes, and good practices about prevention and control of malaria. However, some misconceptions on malaria disease, its transmission, and prevention have been noted that actually require due attention by the concerned stakeholders. The findings of this study could be used as important inputs for the implementation of effective malaria prevention and control methods, including community health education programs, and scaling up coverage of evidence-based interventions.

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Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of North Kerala, India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170285 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Satheesh B. C. ◽

Mohammad Iliyas C.

Keyword(s):

Rural Community ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Hypertension is major risk factor for CVDs and its complications account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Hypertension itself is responsible for about 45% and 51% deaths due to heart disease and stroke respectively. Hypertension is a major public health concern in India both in urban and rural areas and it is increasing at an alarming rate in rural population. Because of inadequate access to health care facilities at rural areas, the early screening and treatment of hypertension is not done regularly, so we conducted this study. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of North Kerala.Methods:A community based cross sectional study was conducted at rural field practice area of Kannur Medical College, Kannur. Sample size was 151 and convenient sampling method used. Data was collected visiting homes and blood pressure measured with mercury sphygmomanometer by. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Among 152 participants, 52.3% and 47.7% were females and males respectively and mean age of the participants was 51.01±15.25 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension among them was 18.5% and the proportion of hypertension was more among the age group of 60-69 years (39.3%).Conclusions:Our study shows that hypertension is not only a concern of the urban population, but also important issue in rural areas. Newly diagnosed cases are more which indicates, people are not aware about importance of regular screening. Since screening helps in early detection, so strengthening of health facilities and creation of awareness at rural levels will reduce the morbidity and mortality due to hypertension and its complications.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AS RISK FACTOR IN SUICIDAL POISONING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18983 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Asawari Raut ◽

Kavya Shaj ◽

Atmaram Pawar

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Health Concern ◽

Toxic Agent ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Objective: Suicide is known to be a phenomenon in low-, middle-, and high-income countries and occurs in all sociodemographic groups. It ranges from acute to fatal lethal attempts which occur in the context of a social crisis. Deliberate self-poisoning for suicide is a growing public health concern with frequent emergency department admissions. An epidemiological surveillance is essential for every region to understand the pattern, underlying psychological factors, and the scope of preventive measures.Methods: The 2-year retrospective study describes the epidemiology and influencing factors of suicides by self-poisoning in patients admitted to a Government Hospital and a Teaching Hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015.Result: Out of 1010 poisoning cases reported, 539 were suicidal self-poisoning. Significantly males more than females were brought to the hospitals due to deliberate self-poisoning (1:0.86, χ2=38.05; p<0.001). The age group most recorded was 20-35 years (67.7%). Psychosocial factors were associated with increased risk of suicidal self-poisoning attempts (risk ratio 4.76, 95% confidence interval 4.07-5.57; p<0.001). Psychosocial factors were interpersonal conflict (52.4%), stress (30.4), dissatisfaction in life (6%), and alcoholism or mental disorders (11.1%). Household and agricultural products (71.8%) were the popular choices of the toxic agent in self-poisoning with phenols (20%) being the most common. 19 cases (3.5%) were severe, out of which 15 cases lead to death (2.8% mortality).Conclusion: There is an urgent need to develop and implement preventative and treatment strategies for high-risk groups attempting suicide by self-poisoning.

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Malaria Prevalence and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Malaria among Febrile Patients Attending Chagni Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27951/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bogale Belay ◽

Tegenu Gelana ◽

Araya Gebresilassie

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Health Facility ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Indoor Residual Spraying ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Ethiopia has achieved remarkable progresses in the prevention and control of malaria in the past decades, yet it is a formidable health concern and socio-economic impediment. This study aimed at assessing the magnitude and knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: In the health facility based cross-sectional study, patients attending health center with suspicion of malaria symptoms and signs, were enlisted. To determine the magnitude of malaria, finger prick blood samples were collected from malaria suspected patients visiting health center between September 2017 and February 2018. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was also applied to assess KAP of suspected malaria patients attending the health center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Prevalence of malaria among febrile patients attending at the sampled health facility was 7.3%. Of these, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection accounted for 55, 44.3 and 0.7% of the cases, respectively. This study also revealed that 97% of the respondents had ever heard about malaria and recognized it as a serious health problem. Mosquito bite was identified as the main malaria transmission. Taking drug (86.3%), use of mosquito nets (73.3%), drain stagnated water (68%), and house spay with insecticides (66%) were mentioned as the main malaria prevention methods. Mosquito net coverage and its utilization in the previous night were 98% and 75%, respectively. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage was 99%, of which 77.5% of houses of participants were get sprayed in the last six months. Conclusions: The current study revealed that prevalence of malaria among febrile illnesses in the study area was relatively low (7.3%) with a high proportion of P. falciparum. Besides, participants had adequate knowledge, encouraging attitudes, and good practices about prevention and control of malaria. However, some misconceptions on malaria disease, its transmission, and prevention have been noted that actually require due attention by the concerned stakeholders. We believe that findings of this study would make inroads into the implementation effective malaria interventions in the area and beyond focusing on enhancing community awareness and scaling up coverage of evidence-based interventions.

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Prevalence and determinants of occupational Injuries among welders in small scale metal workshops in Wakiso District, Uganda

East African Health Research Journal ◽

10.24248/eahrj.v5i1.657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 106-112

Author(s):

Brian Itiakorit ◽

Esther Bayiga Zziwa ◽

Jimmy Osuret

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Small Scale ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Context Specific ◽

And Control

Background: Injuries are a public health concern accounting for 2.78 million fatalities globally. Welders are exposed to a broad range of injuries (e.g. cuts, burns, eye injuries, skin irritations, and musculoskeletal disorders) and yet, there is paucity of information on context specific determinants to inform injury prevention and control. This study determined the factors associated with occupational injuries among welders in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among welders in Wakiso District, Uganda. Pretested and translated questionnaires were used to collect data from 327 randomly selected respondents using face to face interviews. 2 parishes were purposively selected, and 20 metal workshops were systematically selected in each parish. Descriptive statistics and adjusted odds ratios were computed Results: A high prevalence 287 (87.8%) of self-reported occupational injuries was found among welding workers with cuts/burns 242 (84.3%) and eye injuries 180 (62.7%) reported as the most sustained injuries. Occupational injuries were associated with being a causal labourer with informal training (AOR 4.70 (2.03-10.84)) and working for longer hours (AOR 2.63 (1.26-5.51)). Those with more work experience were less likely to be involved in occupational injuries (AOR 0.30 (0.11-0.84)). Conclusions: The prevalence of occupational injuries among small-scale welding workers was high and this was associated with learning their trade at work and working for longer hours. Mitigation measures that focus on safety at workplace, advocating for capacity training, and enforcement of workplace regulations should be instituted.

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Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Northern China: a cross-sectional study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-021-02333-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Xu ◽

Han Bao ◽

Zixuan Tian ◽

Hao Zhu ◽

Lige Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Educational Level ◽

Northern China ◽

Health Concern ◽

Early Screening ◽

Lower Educational Level ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Current Drinker ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption. Methods Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and sub-populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence and control of hypertension. Results Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 55.3–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under-treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95%CI = 52.3–53.3%), 43.3% (95%CI = 42.8–43.8%), 8.6% (95%CI = 8.3–8.9%) and 19.8% (95%CI = 19.2–20.4%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older, male, Han, living in rural areas, current drinker, not married, lower educational level, lower annual income, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia were more likely to be suffered from hypertension (P < 0.05). Controlled hypertension was less common in those younger, Mongol, not married, farmer, current drinker, lower educational level, obesity, diabetes, without prior CHD, and without prior CVD (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among populations aged 35–75 years in Northern China, more than half have hypertension, fewer than one-tenth have successfully controlled hypertension, and fewer than one-fifth of hypertension patients receiving treatment have controlled hypertension.

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ROLE OF PHARMACIST INTERVENTION ON COPD PATIENTS OF SELECTED AREAS IN CHITRADURGA: A KAP STUDY

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i2.586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Melvin K Mathews ◽

Abubaker Siddiq ◽

Bharathi D R

Keyword(s):

Illness Perceptions ◽

Pharmacist Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Post Test ◽

Knowledge Practice ◽

And Control

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable and treatable disease state characterized by air flow limitation that is not fully reversible. Severity of the symptoms is increased during exacerbations. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to assess and improve the knowledge regarding COPD among study subjects. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional interventional study was carried out among the peoples in selected areas of the Chitradurga city for a period of six months. Result: A total 207 subjects enrolled in the study in that 155 male and 52 females. In our study mean score of post test was more (5.87±1.68) when compare to pre-test (2.63±1.46) which show significant increase in their knowledge after educating them (p=0.000). A total of 207 subjects were enrolled into the study. SPSS Software was used to calculate the statistical estimation. Paired t-test was used to detect the association status of different variables. Conclusion: The relatively good level of COPD awareness needs to be maintained to facilitate future prevention and control of the disease. This study had identified that negative illness perceptions should be targeted, so that they will not avoid patients from seeking for COPD treatment and adhere to it. Key words: Cross sectional study, Knowledge, practice, COPD.

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Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2019.6_7.10 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Trong Nghia Nguyen ◽

Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽

Thi Dua Dao

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Medical Center ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Key Words Metabolic Syndrome ◽

And Control

Background: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that tend to cluster together in affected individuals more often than predicted by chance. The presence of the metabolic syndrome substantially increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and is associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes, many of which are closely associated with aging. Current estimates suggest that approximately 20 - 25% of the world’s population is affected by the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome rises with age and more than 45% of people aged over 60 years have the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies show that low vitamin D status is very common in the world and this is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Objective: (1) Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome. (2) Cut off value of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Material and method: A cross-sectional study with control group on 318 adult subjects for health examinations at International Medical Center at Hue Central Hospital, including 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome and control group of 179 healthy subjects. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO (2009). Plasma hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Reciever operating characteristic (ROC) curve were generated to assess sensitivity and specificity for different cut off value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predicting metabolic syndrome. Results: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome was 26.4 ng/ml, incidence of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (59.7%) was significantly higher than in control group (23.5%) (p < 0.001). The optimal cut off point for 25-OH-D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml (AUC=0.657, sensitivity=53.4%, specificity=71.6%). Conclusion: In 139 subjects with metabolic syndrome, the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 26.4 ng/ml and the incidence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the metabolic syndrome group was 59.7%. The optimal cut off point for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration for predictor of metabolic syndrome as 26.4 ng/ml. Key words: Metabolic syndrome, 25-hydroxyvitamin D

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