scholarly journals The Direct and Indirect Effects of Clinical Empathy on Well-Being among Pre-Medical Students: A Structural Equation Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly MacArthur ◽  
Clare Stacey ◽  
Sarah Harvey ◽  
Jonathan Markle
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Clinical Empathy

Abstract Background: Empathy is a well-established facet of clinical competency that research suggests is associated with enhanced medical student well-being. Since little is known about empathy and well-being before students enter medical school—during pre-medical education—the main goal of this study is to test a conceptual model of how clinical empathy is related to two indicators of well-being, depression, and burnout among pre-medical students. The theoretical model hypothesizes that three dimensions of clinical empathy—Perspective-Taking, Compassionate Care, and Standing in Patients’ Shoes— will be directly and negatively related to depression, as well as indirectly through its inverse relationship with three facets of burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Poor Academic Efficacy, and Cynicism. Methods: Using survey data from a sample of 132 pre-medical students at an American Midwestern university, this study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the theoretical model of the relationships between empathy, burnout, and depression among pre-medical students. We identify the direct effects of the three dimensions of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE-S) on depression (CES-D), as well as the indirect effects of clinical empathy on depression through the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-S). Results: SEM analyses show that while none of the three dimensions of the JSE-S are directly related to depression, clinical empathy does significantly affect depression indirectly through burnout. Specifically, as predicted, we find that Perspective-Taking decreases Emotional Exhaustion, but, contrary to expectations, Compassionate Care increases it. And, the positive relationship between Compassionate Care and Emotional Exhaustion is particularly strong. In turn, Perspective-Taking and Compassionate Care are associated with depression in opposite directions and to different degrees. Conclusions: Findings suggest that clinical empathy as measured by the JSE-S produces both positive and negative effects on personal well-being. We conclude that further conceptual clarity of clinical empathy is needed to better discern how the different dimensions impact different indicators of well-being. Given that pre-medical education is a crucial time for emotional socialization, the challenge for medical education will be fostering the positive, cognitive aspects of clinical empathy while simultaneously mitigating the adverse effects of affective empathy on medical student well-being.

scholarly journals The direct and indirect effects of clinical empathy on well-being among pre-medical students: a structural equation model approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Rhea MacArthur ◽  
Clare L. Stacey ◽  
Sarah Harvey ◽  
Jonathan Markle
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Clinical Empathy

Abstract Background Empathy is a well-established facet of clinical competency that research suggests is associated with enhanced medical student well-being. Since little is known about empathy and well-being before students enter medical school—during pre-medical education—the main goal of this study is to test a conceptual model of how clinical empathy is related to two indicators of well-being, depression, and burnout among pre-medical students. The theoretical model hypothesizes that three dimensions of clinical empathy—Perspective-Taking, Compassionate Care, and Standing in Patients’ Shoes— will be directly and negatively related to depression, as well as indirectly through its inverse relationship with three facets of burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Poor Academic Efficacy, and Cynicism. Methods Using survey data from a sample of 132 pre-medical students at an American Midwestern university, this study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the theoretical model of the relationships between empathy, burnout, and depression among pre-medical students. We identify the direct effects of the three dimensions of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSE-S) on depression (CES-D), as well as the indirect effects of clinical empathy on depression through the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-S). Results SEM analyses show that while none of the three dimensions of the JSE-S are directly related to depression, clinical empathy does significantly affect depression indirectly through burnout. Specifically, as predicted, we find that Perspective-Taking decreases Emotional Exhaustion, but, contrary to expectations, Compassionate Care increases it. And, the positive relationship between Compassionate Care and Emotional Exhaustion is particularly strong. In turn, Perspective-Taking and Compassionate Care are associated with depression in opposite directions and to different degrees. Conclusions Findings suggest that clinical empathy as measured by the JSE-S produces both positive and negative effects on personal well-being. We conclude that further conceptual clarity of clinical empathy is needed to better discern how the different dimensions impact different indicators of well-being. Given that pre-medical education is a crucial time for emotional socialization, the challenge for medical education will be fostering the positive, cognitive aspects of clinical empathy while simultaneously mitigating the adverse effects of affective empathy on medical student well-being.

scholarly journals Burnout and Well-Being Levels of Medical Students: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Gadelha Cazolari ◽  
Matheus de Sousa Cavalcante ◽  
Marcelo Marcos Piva Demarzo ◽  
Frederico Molina Cohrs ◽  
Adriana Sanudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract: Introduction: The presence of chronic stress, caused by the activities and demands of the medical course, can lead to what is called ‘burnout’, a syndrome characterized by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, dehumanization (or depersonalization) and reduced professional achievement. Considering the increased incidence of burnout syndrome, anxiety and depression symptoms, suicide attempts and suicide rates among medical students, as a consequence of increasing demands for professional and financial success at the expense of physical and mental health, one understands the importance of studying the subject and proposing measures of prevention and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the levels of burnout and well-being of medical students at a Brazilian public university. Method: The stress and well-being levels of students from the first to the sixth year for the Medical Course at Universidade Federal de São Paulo were evaluated using MBI-SS and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, applied online on the REDCAP platform. Results: A total of 302 students completed the questionnaires. Regarding the MBI-SS, students showed a low value in the emotional exhaustion factor and high levels of professional disbelief and effectiveness, indicating a burnout that ranged from low to moderate. It was also observed that female students showed a greater tendency toward emotional exhaustion when compared to male ones, as well as the fact that students from the 1st and 2nd years showed higher values of professional effectiveness when compared with 3rd and 4th years, with no difference between genders. Based on the answers from WHOQUOL-BREF questionnaire, the students thought they had a good quality of life. Discussion: These results reinforce possible factors that might interfere with the students’ quality of life: excessive workload, teaching model based on extensive lectures, lack of stimulation, recognition for their efforts. Conclusion: The medical students evaluated in this study have a good quality of life and show low or moderate burnout levels.

scholarly journals Níveis de Burnout e Bem-Estar de Estudantes de Medicina: um Estudo Transversal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Gadelha Cazolari ◽  
Matheus de Sousa Cavalcante ◽  
Marcelo Marcos Piva Demarzo ◽  
Frederico Molina Cohrs ◽  
Adriana Sanudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract: Introduction: The presence of chronic stress, caused by the activities and demands of the medical course, can lead to what is called ‘burnout’, a syndrome characterized by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, dehumanization (or depersonalization) and reduced professional achievement. Considering the increased incidence of burnout syndrome, anxiety and depression symptoms, suicide attempts and suicide rates among medical students, as a consequence of increasing demands for professional and financial success at the expense of physical and mental health, one understands the importance of studying the subject and proposing measures of prevention and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the levels of burnout and well-being of medical students at a Brazilian public university. Method: The stress and well-being levels of students from the first to the sixth year for the Medical Course at Universidade Federal de São Paulo were evaluated using MBI-SS and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, applied online on the REDCAP platform. Results: A total of 302 students completed the questionnaires. Regarding the MBI-SS, students showed a low value in the emotional exhaustion factor and high levels of professional disbelief and effectiveness, indicating a burnout that ranged from low to moderate. It was also observed that female students showed a greater tendency toward emotional exhaustion when compared to male ones, as well as the fact that students from the 1st and 2nd years showed higher values of professional effectiveness when compared with 3rd and 4th years, with no difference between genders. Based on the answers from WHOQUOL-BREF questionnaire, the students thought they had a good quality of life. Discussion: These results reinforce possible factors that might interfere with the students’ quality of life: excessive workload, teaching model based on extensive lectures, lack of stimulation, recognition for their efforts. Conclusion: The medical students evaluated in this study have a good quality of life and show low or moderate burnout levels.

scholarly journals Medical education challenges and innovations during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140032
Author(s):  
Michail Papapanou ◽  
Eleni Routsi ◽  
Konstantinos Tsamakis ◽  
Lampros Fotis ◽  
Georgios Marinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Academic Trajectories ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the well-established, traditional structure of medical education. Τhe new limitations of physical presence have accelerated the development of an online learning environment, comprising both of asynchronous and synchronous distance education, and the introduction of novel ways of student assessment. At the same time, this prolonged crisis had serious implications on the lives of medical students including their psychological well-being and the impact on their academic trajectories. The new reality has, on many occasions, triggered the ‘acting up’ of medical students as frontline healthcare staff, which has been perceived by many of them as a positive learning and contributing experience, and has led to a variety of responses from the educational institutions. All things considered, the urgency for rapid and novel adaptations to the new circumstances has functioned as a springboard for remarkable innovations in medical education,including the promotion of a more “evidence-based” approach.

scholarly journals Does teacher-student relationship mediate the relation between student misbehavior and teacher psychological well-being?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Arief Rafsanjani ◽  
Heni Purwa Pamungkas ◽  
Etika Dhewi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Teacher Student Relationship ◽  
Student Misbehavior ◽  
Student Relationship

One dominant determinant of teacher psychological well-being is the problem of student discipline. This study seeks to describe how the process of student disciplin (seen of student misbehavior) may affect teacher psychological well-being (seen of enthusiasm and emotional exhaustion) by including a mediator variable, namely teacher-student relation. This study was conducted on 159 economics teachers of senior high schools in Malang (Malang City and Malang Regency) using a total population sampling. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis, followed by a sobel test the mediating role of variable in teacher-student relationship. The results showed that student misbehavior had a negative effect on work enthusiasm but a positive effect on students' emotional exhaustion. This study also found that teacher-student relation mediate the relationship between student misbehavior and teacher psychological well-being. The results of this study explain the process of student misbehavior in establishing teacher-student relations which ultimately influences teacher work enthusiasm and emotional well-being.

scholarly journals Prevalence of somatic symptoms amongst undergraduate medical students of Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5106
Author(s):  
Shaikh Arshiya Kaiser Husain ◽  
Anwaya R. Magare ◽  
Purushottam A. Giri ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: The aim of medical education is to produce competent, physically and mentally strong health professionals, as they are going to be the pillars of the future health care system. Stress is one of the most common and process-oriented obstacles in medical education. It often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health, and psychological well-being of the students. Dealing with overloaded medical curriculum, competing with peers, being away from home and meeting high expectations imposed by parents and society to excel is among the common stressful transitions at this stage.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out amongst 352 undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in a rural area of Maharashtra during April to October 2019. The structured questionnaire was used to record the data. Collected data was used to assess the severity of mental health issues among medical students.Results: Majority 194 (55.11%) students were in the age of 18 to 20 years followed by 141 (40.06%) were in 21 to 23 years. There were 196 (55.68%) girl students and 156 (44.32%) boys. According to the various categories, 80 (22.73%) of the students had low stress scores, followed by 76 (21.59%) in minimal. A highly significant difference in stress scores was seen between boys and girls, which was more in boys.Conclusions: Study concluded that undergraduate medical students perceive minimal to very high stress presented as various systems that vary with the year of study and gender wise too. There is a further need to look into the various causes of stress.

Antecedent and employee well-being outcomes of perceived benefits schemes: a two-wave study

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qijie Xiao ◽  
Fang Lee Cooke ◽  
Felix Mavondo ◽  
Greg J. Bamber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to examine the antecedent and employee well-being outcomes of employees' perceptions of benefits schemes.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using both paper-based and web-based questionnaires over two time points (one month apart). The sample included 281 participants in eight companies in China. Structural equation modelling was employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese traditionality, perceived benefits schemes, job involvement and emotional exhaustion.FindingsChinese traditionality is an antecedent of employees' perceptions of benefits schemes. Perceived benefits schemes are negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. Moreover, job involvement mediates the relationship between perceived benefits schemes and emotional exhaustion.Research limitations/implications The data were collected in eight manufacturing companies in China, which may raise concerns about the generalisability of findings across industries, nations and cultures. Larger, more representative and cross-contextual samples are needed for future research to test the results further.Practical implicationsManagers should anticipate that employees with different cultural values may develop dissimilar perceptions of the same benefits schemes. Hence, managers need to communicate the benefits schemes to distinct employee groups in different ways.Originality/valueBased on the conservation of resources model, this research offers theoretical insights into the mechanisms through which perceived benefits schemes influence employee health well-being. In addition, this research tests an antecedent of perceived benefits schemes.

scholarly journals Orientations to Happiness between the Dark Triad Traits and Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Limone ◽  
Maria Sinatra ◽  
Lucia Monacis
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Orientations To Happiness ◽  
Partial Correlations

Previous research investigated the linkage between the Dark Triad traits and subjective well-being, but the factors explaining individual differences in terms of cognitive strategies for achieving happiness remained poorly understood. This study (N = 460) examined the indirect effects of orientations to happiness in the link between dark personality traits and subjective well-being in terms of life satisfaction and positive emotion. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising the Dark Triad Questionnaire, the Orientations to Happiness scale, the Satisfaction with Life scale, and the PANAS. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and partial correlations, and structural equation model were applied to the data. Zero-order and partial correlations showed no significant associations of Machiavellianism and psychopathy with subjective well-being measures, and positive associations of narcissism with the three orientations to happiness and the two dimensions of subjective well-being. Indirect effects indicated that the bright side of narcissism sought the pursuit of the emotional component of SWB by adopting engaging activities. Further studies should replicate our findings.

Burnout and Workplace Deviance among Flight Attendants in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Chiun Liang ◽  
An-Tien Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Voluntary Behavior

The relationship between burnout and workplace deviance, identified as a component of job performance, was examined. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory which has three dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment. Workplace deviance was defined as voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of an organization, its members, or both. This was assessed with the Workplace Deviance Scale, measuring the extent to which the participants had engaged in workplace deviant behavior such as taking property from work without permission, making fun of someone at work, or cursing at someone at work. Anonymous questionnaires with stamped envelopes were distributed to a sample of 1,470 Taiwanese flight attendants at the Arrival Hall of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport. A response rate of 22.45% was obtained. After cases with missing data ( n = 27) had been eliminated, the sample totaled 303, 17 men and 286 women. The average age was 28.7 yr. ( SD = 4.6). Results of hierarchical regression showed that Depersonalization scores were significantly predictive of Workplace Deviance scores but not Emotional Exhaustion and Reduced Personal Accomplishment scores. Possible reasons and implications of these findings were discussed.

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