scholarly journals Workload is Associated with the Occurrence of Non-Contact Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili ◽  
Angel Denche Zamorano ◽  
Thomas G. Bowman ◽  
Jose Carmelo Adsuar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
High Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Load ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Type Of Injury

Abstract Background: Injuries in professional soccer are a significant concern for teams, and they are, mostly, caused by high training load. This cohort study described the relationship between workload parameters with the occurrence of non-contact injuries, during weeks with high and low workload in professional soccer players throughout the season.Methods: Twenty-one professional soccer players aged 28.3±3.9 yrs. who competed in the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League participated in this 48-week study. The external load was monitored using global positioning system (GPS, GPSPORTS Systems Pty Ltd) and the type of injury was documented by the team's medical staff daily. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated for non-contact injuries for high- and low-load weeks according to acute (AW), chronic (CW), acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR), and AW variation (Δ-Acute) values. By using Poisson distribution, the interval between previous and new injuries were estimated.Results: Overall, 12 non-contact injuries occurred during high load and 9 during low load weeks. Based on the variables ACWR and Δ-AW, there was a significantly increased risk of sustaining non-contact injuries (p < 0.05) during high-load weeks for ACWR (OR: 4.67), and Δ-AW (OR: 4.07). Finally, the expected time between injuries was significantly shorter in high load weeks for ACWR [1.25 vs 3.33, rate ratio time (RRT)] and Δ-AW [1.33 vs 3.45, RRT] respectively, compared to low load weeks.Conclusion: The risk of sustaining injuries was significantly larger during high workload weeks for ACWR, and Δ-AW compared with low workload weeks. The high numbers for OR in high load weeks indicate that there is a significant relationship between workload and occurrence of non-contact injuries. The predicted time to new injuries is shorter in high load weeks compared to low load weeks. Therefore, the frequency of injuries is higher during high load weeks for ACWR and Δ-AW. ACWR and Δ-AW appear to be good indicators for estimating the injury risk, and the time interval between injuries.

scholarly journals Sprint Variables Are Associated with the Odds Ratios of Non-Contact Injuries in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10417
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Elena Mainer-Pardos ◽  
Angel Denche Zamorano ◽  
Thomas G. Bowman ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Interval Time ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Load

Significant evidence has emerged that a high volume of sprinting during training is associated with an increased risk of non-contact injuries in professional soccer players. Training load has been reported as a modifiable risk factor for successive injury in soccer. Sprint workload measures and non-contact injuries were recorded weekly in twenty-one professional soccer players over a one season period. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated based on the weeks of high and low load of total distance (TD), high-speed distance (HSD), sprint distance (SPD). and repeated sprints (RS). The Poisson distribution estimated the interval time between the last injury and the new injury. The weeks with high-load levels increased the risk of non-contact injury associated with TD (OR: 4.1; RR: 2.4), HSD (OR: 4.6; RR: 2.6), SPD (OR: 6.9; RR: 3.7), and RS (OR: 4.3; RR: 2.7). The time between injuries was significantly longer in weeks of low-load in TD (rate ratio time (RRT) 1.5 vs. 4.2), HSD (RRT: 1.6 vs. 4.6), and SPD (RRT: 1.7 vs. 7.7) compared to weeks of high-load. The findings highlight an increased risk of non-contact injuries during high weekly sprint workloads. Possibly, TD, HSD, and SPD measured via a wearable inertial measurement unit could be modeled to track training and to reduce non-contact injuries. Finally, the interval time between the last injury and the new injury at the high-load is shorter than the low-load.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Screening Tests and Bony Hip Morphology Cannot Identify Male Professional Soccer Players at Risk of Groin Injuries: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Mosler ◽  
Adam Weir ◽  
Andreas Serner ◽  
Rintje Agricola ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Morphology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Background: Musculoskeletal hip/groin screening tests are commonly performed to detect at-risk individuals. Bony hip morphology is considered a potential intrinsic risk factor but has not been examined prospectively. Purpose: To evaluate the association between intrinsic risk factors identified from musculoskeletal and radiographic screening tests and hip/groin injuries leading to time loss from training and/or match play in professional male soccer players. Study Design: Prospective cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Male professional soccer players, aged ≥18 years, underwent screening specific for hip/groin pain during 2 consecutive seasons of the Qatar Stars League. The screening battery included pain provocation, range of motion, and strength tests as well as a hip radiographic examination. The radiographic examination included an anteroposterior pelvic view and 45° Dunn view, with bony hip morphology determined using quantitative methods. Time-loss (≥1 day) hip/groin injuries and individual player exposure (training and match play) were recorded prospectively, and injuries were categorized as adductor-related, inguinal-related, iliopsoas-related, pubic-related, or hip-related groin pain, or “other,” as recommended in the Doha agreement. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) from univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to assess the relationship between potential risk factors and hip/groin injuries. Results: There were 438 players, completing 609 player seasons, and 113 hip/groin injuries that met the criteria for inclusion, with 85 injuries categorized as adductor-related. The proportion of players with bony morphological variants was the following: cam, 71%; pincer, 5%; and acetabular dysplasia, 13%. Previous hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7) and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of hip/groin injuries. Higher (>1 SD above the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for all hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.5). Lower (<1 SD below the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for adductor-related injuries (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0). No other musculoskeletal screening test or bony hip morphology variables were associated with the injury risk. Conclusion: Previous groin injuries and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of groin injuries. However, these associations were not strong enough to identify an “at-risk” individual, and therefore, musculoskeletal screening tests were not useful to dictate individualized prevention strategies. Bony hip morphology was not associated with the risk of groin injuries.

Somatotrope Pituitary Function in Professional Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (05) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Roser ◽  
Tatiana Wehrhahn ◽  
Henry Krogmann ◽  
Nina Riedel ◽  
Robert Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Glucagon Test ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background and objective Soccer is associated with repetitive head trauma, which, as it is known from sports like football and boxing, can result in hypopituitarism. Gonadotropins and GH are the most common pituitary hormones to become deficient. GH deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and has negative influence on body mass index, visceral fat mass, insulin resistance and sensitivity, bone mineral density and inflammatory markers. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the somatotrope pituitary function in professional soccer players. Research design and methods This clinical study included 15 male, professional soccer players with at least 10 years of professional training. Basal hormonal parameters of the pituitary axis were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, glucagon stimulation tests were used. Rise in growth hormone during glucagon test was analyzed and the prevalence of newly diagnosed hormone deficiencies was evaluated. Results Mean age of all participants was 31±10 years. None of the 15 soccer players had GH deficiency. Mean rising factor of GH after stimulation with glucagon was 100 in all participants. We did not find signs of ACTH, TSH or LH/FSH deficiency in any player. Conclusions In this small collective of soccer players we did not find playing soccer to be a risk factor for the development of GH-deficiency. According to our data screening for somatotrope deficiency is not necessary. Further investigations in larger cohorts are needed.

scholarly journals Hopping and Landing Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: Effects of Age and Maturation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Read ◽  
Jon Oliver ◽  
Mark De Ste Croix ◽  
Gregory Myer ◽  
Rhodri Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractQuantifying hopping and landing performances can assist coaches in identifying young male soccer players who may be at increased risk of injury. The influence of chronological age and maturation on these measures in this population is unknown. Single leg hop for distance (SLHD) and 75% horizontal hop and stick landing force (75%Hop) were examined in a cross-sectional sample (N=400) of elite male youth soccer players. Between-group differences for both chronological age (U11–U18) and stage of maturation (pre-, circa- or post-peak height velocity (PHV)) were analyzed. Absolute 75%Hop increased with both age and maturation. Apart from the U18s, pre-PHV and U11–U12 players displayed the greatest relative landing forces compared to all other groups (p<0.001; d=0.56–0.93). Absolute and relative SLHD were greatest in the U18s and post-PHV players (p<0.001; d=0.35–2.04). A trend showed increased SLHD with each consecutive age group although a reduction in performance was identified in the U13s (d=0.50–0.59). High volumes of accumulated soccer participation in the U18s may lead to altered landing strategies indicative of high injury risk. A temporary reduction in hop performance in the U13s may also be linked to a period of adolescent awkwardness.

scholarly journals Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine H. Stubbe ◽  
Anne-Marie M. C. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Sissi van der Knaap ◽  
Jasper Stege ◽  
Evert A. Verhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Context: Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries. Objective: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Dutch premier soccer league. Patients or Other Participants: During the 2009–2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches. Results: A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%). Conclusions: Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF Y BALANCE TEST AND DORSIFLEXION LUNGE TEST IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SOCCER PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Marcela Godoy Xixirry ◽  
Marcelo Riberto ◽  
Lucas Sartori Manoel
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The ankle has the highest incidence of soccer injuries (17 to 20% of injuries), which can cause personal and professional losses for the athlete. Ankle stability is due to a number of mechanisms, such as muscle control between agonists and antagonists, proprioception, balance, and muscle strength. If there are changes in any of these mechanisms, there is an increased risk of ankle injuries. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the ankle function of amateur and professional soccer players in the preseason, using Y Balance Test (YBT) and Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (DLT), observing possible functional deficits in this sample, and subsequently analyzing the relationship of results between the functional tests in this population. Methods A total of 107 soccer players were assessed, of whom 36 were amateur and 71 professional athletes. The volunteers initially underwent history taking, followed by a 5-minute warm-up on a stationary bicycle then the YBT and DLT functional tests. Results There was no significant difference in the DLT between dominant and non-dominant limbs in amateur and professional athletes. There was also no significant difference in the YBT between dominant and non-dominant limbs of amateur athletes, but there was a significant difference between dominant and non-dominant limbs in professional athletes. There was no correlation between the tests when the dominant and non-dominant limbs of the sample were analyzed. Conclusion The weak relationship between the functional tests indicates that both tests are recommended for athletes in clinical practice, since they serve as tools to assess different functional deficits. Level of Evidence III - Case-control study.

Differences in injury risk and characteristics between Dutch amateur and professional soccer players

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M.C. (Anne-Marie) van Beijsterveldt ◽  
J.H. Stubbe ◽  
S.L. Schmikli ◽  
I.G.L. van de Port ◽  
F.J.G. Backx
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer

scholarly journals Off-Season Training Habits and BMI, Not Preseason Jump Measures, Are Associated with Time-Loss Injury in Female Collegiate Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Jason Brumitt ◽  
Alma Mattocks ◽  
Amy Engilis ◽  
Jill Sikkema ◽  
Jeremy Loew
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
P Value ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Lower Quadrant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Training Habits ◽  
Screening Clinic

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the standing long jump (SLJ) and the single-leg hop (SLH) tests to discriminate lower quadrant (low back and lower extremities) injury occurrence in female collegiate soccer players. The secondary purpose of this study was to determine associations between injury and off-season training habits or anthropometric measures. SLJ, SLH, and anthropometric measures were collected during a preseason screening clinic. Each subject completed a questionnaire providing demographic information and off-season training habits. Each athlete performed three SLJ and three SLH per leg. SLJ and SLH scores were not associated with an increased risk of a noncontact time-loss lower quadrant (LQ) injury. Athletes with a higher BMI or who reported less time training during the off-season were two times more likely to sustain an injury. Athletes who had both a higher body mass index (BMI) and lower off-season training habits were three times (relative risk = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.7, 5.5) p-value = 0.0001) more likely to sustain a noncontact time-loss lower quadrant injury. Preseason SLJ and SLH scores do not discriminate injury risk in female collegiate soccer players. Higher BMI and lower off-season training habits are associated with an increased risk of LQ injury.

scholarly journals Evaluating injury risk in first and second league professional Portuguese soccer: muscular strength and asymmetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Scott Brown ◽  
Eduardo Abade
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Maximal Peak ◽  
The Right

AbstractStrength imbalances between the hamstrings and quadriceps are an essential predictor for hamstring strain in soccer. The study aimed to investigate and compare the muscle strength imbalances of professional soccer players of different performance levels. One hundred and fifty nine senior male professional soccer players from first (n = 75) and second league (n = 84) Portuguese clubs participated in this study. Muscle strength was evaluated with a REV9000 isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal peak torque data were used to calculate quadriceps and hamstrings strength during concentric and eccentric actions, bilateral asymmetry, conventional strength ratios and dynamic control ratios. Second league athletes produced slightly lower conventional strength ratios in the right and left legs (ES = 0.22, p = 0.17 and ES = 0.36, p = 0.023, respectively) compared to the first league athletes. No significant differences were found in dynamic control ratios or in bilateral asymmetry among first and second league athletes. These findings do not show a clear link between the competitive level and injury risk in soccer players. However, some of the differences found, particularly in conventional strength ratios, highlight the importance of performing off-season and pre-season strength assessments to prescribe and adjust individual strength training programs among professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5576
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Francisco Tomás González-Fernández ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Ceylan ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Saeid Younesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
And Training

Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = −0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: −3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: −16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = −0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = −0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = −0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = −0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: −1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: −2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50–0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document