scholarly journals Evaluating injury risk in first and second league professional Portuguese soccer: muscular strength and asymmetry

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Scott Brown ◽  
Eduardo Abade
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Maximal Peak ◽  
The Right

AbstractStrength imbalances between the hamstrings and quadriceps are an essential predictor for hamstring strain in soccer. The study aimed to investigate and compare the muscle strength imbalances of professional soccer players of different performance levels. One hundred and fifty nine senior male professional soccer players from first (n = 75) and second league (n = 84) Portuguese clubs participated in this study. Muscle strength was evaluated with a REV9000 isokinetic dynamometer. Maximal peak torque data were used to calculate quadriceps and hamstrings strength during concentric and eccentric actions, bilateral asymmetry, conventional strength ratios and dynamic control ratios. Second league athletes produced slightly lower conventional strength ratios in the right and left legs (ES = 0.22, p = 0.17 and ES = 0.36, p = 0.023, respectively) compared to the first league athletes. No significant differences were found in dynamic control ratios or in bilateral asymmetry among first and second league athletes. These findings do not show a clear link between the competitive level and injury risk in soccer players. However, some of the differences found, particularly in conventional strength ratios, highlight the importance of performing off-season and pre-season strength assessments to prescribe and adjust individual strength training programs among professional soccer players.

scholarly journals Influence of Fatigue on the Rapid Hamstring/Quadriceps Force Capacity in Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Zhang ◽  
Baptiste Morel ◽  
Robin Trama ◽  
Christophe A. Hautier
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Professional Soccer

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fatigue on maximal and rapid force capacities and muscular activation of the knee extensors and flexors. Seventeen professional soccer players volunteered to participate in this study. Peak torque (Tpeak) and rate of torque development (RTD) of knee flexor (90°. s–1, −30°. s–1) and extensor (90°. s–1) muscles were measured before and after fatigue (i.e., 30 maximal knee extension and flexion repetitions at 180°s–1) performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. Hamstring to quadriceps peak strength and RTD ratios were calculated. Besides, using surface EMG, the mean level of activation (RMSmean), Rate of EMG Rise (RER), and EMG Frequency-Time maps were measured on quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Following fatigue, Tpeak, RTD, RER declined significantly in the two muscle groups (all p < 0.05) without modification of RMSmean. No decrease in conventional and functional H/Q ratios was observed after fatigue except for a significant increase in the Hecc30/Qcon180 ratios (1.03 ± 0.19 vs. 1.36 ± 0.33, p < 0.001). Besides, the RTD H/Q ratios decreased significantly after fatigue, and the statistical parametric mapping analysis (SPM) performed on the EMG/angle curves, and EMG Frequency-Time maps showed that fatigue strongly influenced the muscle activation during the first 100 ms of the movement, following the higher EMG frequency component shift toward the lower frequency component. Our results show that the reduction of RTD and RER during the first 100 ms of the contraction after fatigue exercise makes more sense than any H/Q ratio modification in understanding injury risk in soccer players.

scholarly journals 25(OH)D3 Levels Relative to Muscle Strength and Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Książek ◽  
Aleksandra Zagrodna ◽  
Wioletta Dziubek ◽  
Bogdan Pietraszewski ◽  
Bartosz Ochmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Professional Soccer

AbstractVitamin D is mainly known for its effects on the bone and calcium metabolism. The discovery of Vitamin D receptors in many extraskeletal cells suggests that it may also play a significant role in other organs and systems. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels, lower limb isokinetic strength and maximum oxygen uptake in well-trained professional football players. We enrolled 43 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age was 22.7±5.3 years. Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D3 levels in 74.4% of the professional players. The results also demonstrated a lack of statistically significant correlation between 25(OH)D3 levels and lower limb muscle strength with the exception of peak torque of the left knee extensors at an angular velocity of 150°/s (r=0.41). No significant correlations were found between hand grip strength and maximum oxygen uptake. Based on our study we concluded that in well-trained professional soccer players, there was no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and muscle strength or maximum oxygen uptake.

scholarly journals Concentric and eccentric isokinetic hamstring injury risk among 582 professional elite soccer players: a 10-years retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000868
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lima Burigo ◽  
Robson Dias Scoz ◽  
Bruno Mazziotti de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Rubens Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Cesar Augusto Melo-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Clinical Records

Background/AimDifferent authors have tried to correlate the peak isokinetic torque values with the incidence of soccer match injuries. However, due to the wide variety of assessment testing protocols, such an inference becomes difficult. This study aimed to verify the capacity of an isokinetic test to establish injury risk reference values for hamstring strain injuries.MethodsA retrospective cohort study based on isokinetic data and clinical records from the last 10 years was conducted in 582 Brazilian elite-professional soccer players, who were subjected to the same isokinetic test protocol, machine, and tester. A Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis for Complex Data Sampling was used to generate injury risk statistical indexes.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of both legs provided important data to identify the cut-off values of Concentric Peak Torque (181.82 Newton/*metres), Concentric Work (236.23 watts) and Concentric Power (130.11 joules).ConclusionsThe injury risk indexes indicate that an increase of just one Newton unit in CPT (Concentric Peak Torque) and CJ (Concentric Power) above those cut-off values, can reduce the risk of future injuries by 2% and 2.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals ISOKINETIC PROFILES AND REFERENCE VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
Guillermo Charneco Salguero ◽  
Francisco García-Muro San José ◽  
Arturo Pérez Gosalvez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cárdenas Rebollo ◽  
Isabel Brígido Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Torque Values

ABSTRACT Introduction: Isokinetics is a tool commonly used in professional soccer. There is ongoing debate among researchers as to the isokinetic reference values a player should have. Objectives: To determine the absolute peak torque (PT) and average work of professional soccer players in relation to their positions on the field, and to establish the reference values for these variables. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to select 289 professional soccer players. The sample included 32 goalkeepers, 100 defenders, 98 midfielders, and 59 strikers. The participants were measured preseason. The players were asked to perform a 10-minute warm-up on an exercise bike, and then to perform 5 repetitions at low speed, 10 at medium speed, and 25 at high speed, with 30 to 40-s of rest between each set of repetitions. The contraction method was concentric-concentric in a dynamometer Isomed 2000. Results: The average age, weight, and height of the players was 21.9 years, 74.3 kilograms, and 1.8 meters, respectively. The goalkeepers presented higher PT at the 3 measured speeds, and the higher average work at 180°/s and 240°/s in relation to defenders and midfielders. The strikers presented higher average work at 240°/s in relation to midfielders, and higher PT in relation to the defenders and midfielders. Absolute values were shown and reference values were established. Conclusions: The goalkeepers and strikers were the players that showed the greatest differences in their favor in relation to the other positions. The peak torque values and average work were described in relation to the player's position on the field. This study resulted in the creation of a tool for health professionals working with professional soccer players, providing reference values for these players in relation to their position on the field that can be used as benchmarks, by health professionals, to optimize soccer players’ performance. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative study.

Hamstring Flexibility Is Not Correlated with Isokinetic Knee Muscle Strength in Female Modern Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Agopyan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Work Production ◽  
University Level ◽  
Modern Dancers ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Knee Muscle ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bilateral isokinetic knee extensor and flexor muscle strength relative to hamstring flexibility in female modern dancers. METHODS: 20 trained university-level female modern dance students (mean age 23.8±3.8 yrs) volunteered for the study. Concentric isokinetic peak torque (PT, in Nm), peak torque % of body weight (PT%BW, in Nm/kg), and total work (TW, in J) of the knee extensor and flexor muscles for each leg were measured with a dynamometer at a velocity of 60, 180, and 300°/s. Hamstring flexibility of both limbs was assessed by a goniometer with the subjects in a supine position using the active straight leg raise (SLR) test. Participants were divided into flexible (n=10) and highly flexible (n=10) groups based on their hamstring flexibility. RESULTS: The flexible and highly flexible groups had significant differences (p≤0.05) for the right (flexible, 119.7±4.3°; highly flexible, 137.7±2.6°) and left active SLR tests (flexible, 120.6±5.3°; highly flexible, 138.3±4.5°). No significant differences were found between the flexible and highly flexible dancers for concentric knee extensor and flexor muscle strength in all selected parameters (p≤0.05). There were also no significant correlations between flexibility and bilateral PT, PT%BW, and TW scores (60, 180, and 300°/s) of dancers at the concentric contraction (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hamstring flexibility (for both the flexible and highly flexible groups) is not correlated with knee strength and has no impact on torque and work production during maximal concentric isokinetic knee muscle action in university-level female modern dancers.

Peak torque angle, acceleration time and time to peak torque as additional parameters extracted from isokinetic test in professional soccer players: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Daniel Germano Maciel ◽  
Glauko André Figueiredo Dantas ◽  
Mikhail Santos Cerqueira ◽  
Jean Artur Mendonça Barboza ◽  
Vinícius Vieira De Alencar Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Torque Angle

scholarly journals Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine H. Stubbe ◽  
Anne-Marie M. C. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Sissi van der Knaap ◽  
Jasper Stege ◽  
Evert A. Verhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Context: Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries. Objective: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Dutch premier soccer league. Patients or Other Participants: During the 2009–2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches. Results: A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%). Conclusions: Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength Imbalances Are not Associated with Skin Temperature Asymmetries in Soccer Players

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mendonça Teixeira ◽  
Rodolfo A. Dellagrana ◽  
Jose I. Priego-Quesada ◽  
João Claudio B.P. Machado ◽  
Juliano Fernandes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
New Methods

Although strength imbalances using isokinetic dynamometer have been examined for injury risk screening in soccer players, it is very expensive and time-consuming, making the evaluation of new methods appealing. The aim of the study was to analyze the agreement between muscular strength imbalances and skin temperature bilateral asymmetries as well as skin temperature differences in the hamstrings and quadriceps. The skin temperature of the anterior and posterior thigh of 59 healthy male soccer athletes was assessed at baseline using infrared thermography for the identification of hamstrings-quadriceps skin temperature differences and thermal asymmetries (>0.5 °C). Subsequently, concentric and eccentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings were considered in the determination of the ratios, as well as muscular asymmetries (>15%). When considering the torque parameters, 37.3% (n = 22) of the players would be classified as high risk for injuries. The percentage of those presenting skin temperature imbalances superior to 0.5 °C was 52.5% (n = 31). The skin temperature assessment showed sensitivity (22%) and specificity (32.2%) to identify torque asymmetries, demonstrating the inability to identify false negatives (15.3%) and false positives (30.5%) from all soccer athletes. In conclusion, skin temperature differences between hamstrings and quadriceps could be more related to thermoregulatory factors than strength imbalances.

scholarly journals Bilateral and Unilateral Asymmetries of Isokinetic Strength and Flexibility in Male Young Professional Soccer Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Daneshjoo ◽  
Nader Rahnama ◽  
Abdul Halim Mokhtar ◽  
Ashril Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Joint Flexibility ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer

This study investigated bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. Thirty-six soccer players (age: 18.9 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. A Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to assess the hamstring and quadriceps strength at selected speeds of 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s. Hip joint flexibility was measured using a goniometer. No difference was observed in conventional strength ratio, dynamic control ratio and fast/slow speed ratio between the dominant and non-dominant legs (p>0.05). All but one of the players (97.2%) had musculoskeletal abnormality (bilateral imbalance > 10%) in one or more specific muscle groups. The dominant leg had greater hip joint flexibility compared with the non-dominant leg (108.8 ± 10.7° versus 104.6 ± 9.8°, respectively). The findings support the hypothesis that physical performance and movement pattern experienced during soccer playing may negatively change the balance of strength in both legs (bilateral strength balance), but not on the same leg of the young male professional soccer players. The results can be helpful for trainers and coaches to decide whether the players need to improve their balance and strength which in turn may prevent injury. It is suggested that in professional soccer training, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, as well as hip joint flexibility should not be overlooked.

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