scholarly journals Late Reinfection With a Different SARS-CoV-2 Clade in a Patient With Refractory Arterial Hypertension: a Case Report.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Galiana ◽  
Javier García-Abellán ◽  
Marta Fernández-González ◽  
Nieves Gonzalo-Jiménez ◽  
Montserrat Ruiz-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Differentiating between persistent infection with intermittent viral shedding and reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 remains challenging. Although a small number of cases with genomic evidence of second infection have been reported, limited information exists on frequency and determinants of reinfection, time between infections, and duration of immunity after the primary infection. Case presentation: We report a reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in a 52-year old male whose primary infection was diagnosed in May 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, and the second occurred eight months later, in January 2021. We present a complete data set including results from real-time polymerase chain reaction, serology and genome sequencing confirming reinfection with a different clade. Noteworthy was that the patient was immunocompetent but had multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities, including refractory arterial hypertension, that might increase the individual risk in COVID-19.Conclusions: This case of reinfection with SARS CoV-2 occurring several months after the primary infection reports the longest time interval between reinfection and initial infection described to date. It raises concerns on the duration of protective immunity, suggesting that it may begin to wane in patients who acquired the initial infection during the first wave of the pandemic. The potential contributing role of arterial hypertension and cardiometabolic comorbidities as risk factors for reinfection deserves investigation.

scholarly journals Late reinfection with a different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 clade in a patient with refractory arterial hypertension: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier García-Abellán ◽  
Antonio Galiana ◽  
Marta Fernández-González ◽  
Nieves Gonzalo-Jiménez ◽  
Montserrat Ruiz-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Differentiating between persistent infection with intermittent viral shedding and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains challenging. Although a small number of cases with genomic evidence of second infection have been reported, limited information exists on frequency and determinants of reinfection, time between infections, and duration of immunity after the primary infection. Case presentation We report a reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a 52-year-old caucasian male whose primary infection was diagnosed in May 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, and the second occurred 8 months later, in January 2021. We present a complete dataset including results from real-time polymerase chain reaction, serology, and genome sequencing confirming reinfection with a different clade. Noteworthy was that the patient was immunocompetent but had multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities, including refractory arterial hypertension, that might increase the individual risk in coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusions This case of reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurring several months after the primary infection reports the longest time interval between reinfection and initial infection described to date. It raises concerns on the duration of protective immunity, suggesting that it may begin to wane in patients who acquired the initial infection during the first wave of the pandemic. The potential contributing role of arterial hypertension and cardiometabolic comorbidities as risk factors for reinfection deserves investigation.

Clinical Score and Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism in Arterial Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Buffolo ◽  
Jacopo Burrello ◽  
Alessio Burrello ◽  
Daniel Heinrich ◽  
Christian Adolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Individual

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the cause of arterial hypertension in 4% to 6% of patients, and 30% of patients with PA are affected by unilateral and surgically curable forms. Current guidelines recommend screening for PA ≈50% of patients with hypertension on the basis of individual factors, while some experts suggest screening all patients with hypertension. To define the risk of PA and tailor the diagnostic workup to the individual risk of each patient, we developed a conventional scoring system and supervised machine learning algorithms using a retrospective cohort of 4059 patients with hypertension. On the basis of 6 widely available parameters, we developed a numerical score and 308 machine learning-based models, selecting the one with the highest diagnostic performance. After validation, we obtained high predictive performance with our score (optimized sensitivity of 90.7% for PA and 92.3% for unilateral PA [UPA]). The machine learning-based model provided the highest performance, with an area under the curve of 0.834 for PA and 0.905 for diagnosis of UPA, with optimized sensitivity of 96.6% for PA, and 100.0% for UPA, at validation. The application of the predicting tools allowed the identification of a subgroup of patients with very low risk of PA (0.6% for both models) and null probability of having UPA. In conclusion, this score and the machine learning algorithm can accurately predict the individual pretest probability of PA in patients with hypertension and circumvent screening in up to 32.7% of patients using a machine learning-based model, without omitting patients with surgically curable UPA.

scholarly journals The Essential Role of Imaging in the Evaluation of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Association With Congenital Heart Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Scognamiglio ◽  
Sonya V. Babu-Narayan ◽  
Michael B. Rubens ◽  
Michael A. Gatzoulis ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Individual

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) of ≥25 mm Hg at rest measured at right heart catheterization (RHC).12 Patients with PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) are a growing population consisting of an anatomically and phenotypically heterogeneous group, where differences among specific cardiac defects, along with their varied clinical course and prognosis, influence treatment choices for the individual patient.

Spatially Dispersed Ties Among Interdependent Citizens: Connecting Individuals and Aggregates

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brady Baybeck ◽  
Robert Huckfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Political Network ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Space Distance ◽  
Complete Account

A continuing tradition in contextual analysis locates individual citizens within spatially defined, aggregate settings in an effort to provide a more complete account of individual behavior. Given the increasing individual mobility within society, it is less than clear that geography continues to define the boundaries on meaningful aggregate contexts—people have become less tied to their geographic contexts, and technology makes it possible for citizens to maintain relationships independently of space, distance, and location. In this paper we pursue an analysis and set of analytic techniques that are designed to connect individual voters, their communication networks, and the geography that surrounds them. The analytic techniques utilize a unique data set that captures spatial dispersion in an individual's social and political network, and from these analyses we can draw two conclusions. First, spatial dispersion in a network does have an effect on interaction within the network; the world is not full of voters who operate independently of their geographic contexts. Second, spatial dispersion provides opportunities to connect citizens living in different geographic contexts, thereby creating bridges for communication across different contexts. These findings suggest that scholars might profitably incorporate geography as an important component of the complex relationships among and between individual citizens in explaining the role of the individual in modern democratic politics.

scholarly journals From Single Variants to Protein Cascades

2015 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582-1590
Author(s):  
Sabine C. Mueller ◽  
Björn Sommer ◽  
Christina Backes ◽  
Jan Haas ◽  
Benjamin Meder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Binding Pockets ◽  
The Individual

Understanding the role of genetics in disease has become a central part of medical research. Non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in coding regions of human genes frequently lead to pathological phenotypes. Beyond single variations, the individual combination of nsSNVs may add to pathogenic processes. We developed a multiscale pipeline to systematically analyze the existence of quantitative effects of multiple nsSNVs and gene combinations in single individuals on pathogenicity. Based on this pipeline, we detected in a data set of 842 nsSNVs discovered in 76 genes related to cardiomyopathies, associated nsSNV combinations in seven genes present in at least 70% of all 639 patient samples, but not in a control cohort of healthy humans. Structural analyses of these revealed primarily an influence on the protein stability. For amino acid substitutions located at the protein surface, we generally observed a proximity to putative binding pockets. To computationally analyze cumulative effects and their impact, pathogenicity methods are currently being developed. Our approach supports this process, as shown on the example of a cardiac phenotype but can be likewise applied to other diseases such as cancer.

scholarly journals Calculating Premium Credibility Using the Buhlmann-Straub Modelwith Nonparametric Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Dwi Susanti ◽  
Sokono Sukono
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Estimation ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Credibility Theory ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Claim Amount ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Data Set ◽  
General Insurance ◽  
The Individual

When an insurance company calculates the premium it will divides the policy holders into groups. The division is considered based on risk level in each group. The problem is then to devise a way of combining the experience risk of the group with the experience of the individual risk to calculate the premium, so then Credibility Theory provides a solution to this problem.This script discuss about calculation of credibility premium use Buhlmann-Straub Model with nonparametric estimation to the aggregate claim amount data set within few years observation in some group of policy holders in  general insurance. By using credibility theory we can calculate the value of credibility factor and credibility premium or future premium. The value of premium credibility is calculated from only one group of policyholders from the previous year's data. For better value of premium credibility, data with more experience years and the policyholder group better reflect the total loss value during the observation year.The result of this calculation are credibility factor per group, average credibility premium per members in group and credibility premium total for the last year for each group. We can obtain total losses and total premium which surprisingly equal. 

Quantitative Pipeline Risk Assessment and Maintenance Optimization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Wickenhauser ◽  
David K. Playdon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
The Individual

The quantitative risk assessment tool was used to calculate the failure rates, failure consequences and risk levels along the pipeline. Safety risk was characterized by the individual risk ratio, which was defined as the maximum individual risk associated with a given segment divided by the tolerable individual risk. Tolerable individual risk values were defined as a function of population density following the approach developed by MIACC and the UK HSE. Financial risk was expressed in dollars per km-year and included a dollar equivalent for public perception. The recommended maintenance plan was defined as the minimum cost option that achieved a tolerable safety risk. The first step in developing the plan was to identify all segments that do not meet tolerable risk criteria (i.e., segments with an individual risk ratio greater than 1). For each of these segments a number of potential maintenance scenarios that address the dominant failure threats were selected. A cost optimization analysis was then carried out in which the total expected cost associated with each maintenance option was calculated as the sum of implementing the option plus the corresponding financial risk component, amortized over the inspection interval. This analysis was used to identify the minimum cost alternative that meets the individual risk constraint. Outcomes of the analysis included the best maintenance option (e.g., inline inspection, hydrostatic test) and the optimal time interval for segment re-evaluation.

Decomposing the structure of wages into firm and worker effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda F. Rebollo-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Wage Dispersion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
Censored Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Industrial Wage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that for some key topics on labour economics such as the effect of seniority and job mobility in wages, it is important to explicitly consider firm fixed effects. The author also wants to test whether the importance of firm in explaining wage dispersion is higher or lower in Spain than in other European countries. Design/methodology/approach The author estimates an individual wage equation where firm and workers effects are considered and the estimation process control for censored wages. This exercise is performed for the Spanish economy over the course of a whole business cycle, i.e., 2000-2015. Findings The author demonstrates that Spanish firms contribute to explain around 27 per cent of the individual wage heterogeneity but more importantly around 74 per cent of inter-industry wage differentials. In both cases, this contribution is mainly related to large dispersion in firm’s wage policies. The process of positive sorting of workers across firms or industries does not play an important role. Interestingly, the importance of firm’s wage policies in explaining individual wage dispersion has increased over the current Big Recession. Practical implications The results confirm that firms set wages and, henceforth, are partially responsible for individual wage heterogeneity but more importantly for inter-industrial wage dispersion. Originality/value The exercise is performed under optimal conditions because the author uses a longitudinal matched employer-employee data set, observed wages are at a monthly frequency, and implements an estimation method suitable for censored models with two high-dimensional fixed effects. This is the first study that looks deeply into the role of firms in explaining wage heterogeneity at the individual and industry level in Spain and along the current Big Recession.

scholarly journals Degradation of Chlamydia pneumoniae by Peripheral Blood Monocytic Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 4560-4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Wolf ◽  
Elizabeth Fischer ◽  
Ted Hackstadt
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Sensitive Method

ABSTRACT Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human respiratory pathogen that has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis. The role of this organism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unknown. A key question is how C. pneumoniae is transferred from the site of primary infection to a developing atherosclerotic plaque. It has been suggested that circulating monocytes could be vehicles for dissemination of C. pneumoniae since the organism has been detected in peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMCs). In this study we focused on survival of C. pneumoniae within PBMCs isolated from the blood of healthy human donors. We found that C. pneumoniae does not grow and multiply in cultured primary monocytes. In C. pneumoniae-infected monocyte-derived macrophages, growth of the organism was very limited, and the majority of the bacteria were eradicated. We also found that the destruction of C. pneumoniae within infected macrophages resulted in a gradual diminution of chlamydial antigens, although some of these antigens could be detected for days after the initial infection. The detected antigens present in infected monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages represented neither chlamydial inclusions nor intact organisms. The use of {N-[7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)]}-6-aminocaproyl-d-erythro-sphingosine as a vital stain for chlamydiae proved to be a sensitive method for identifying rare C. pneumoniae inclusions and was useful in the detection of even aberrant developmental forms.

Creativity, Entrepreneurship, and Labor Dynamics

2018 ◽  
pp. 488-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Torres Preto ◽  
Tiago Farlens
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Creative Workers ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Labor Dynamics ◽  
The Individual

Creativity as source of growth and development has been target of increase interest by several authors. Using a matched employer-employee data set called Quadros de Pessoal, containing information regarding Portuguese private firms and their employees; this paper aims to shed light about the role of creative workers in Portugal. Empirical findings suggest that creative workers have higher educational levels and also higher salaries, and that they are mostly present in smaller, older multinational firms. Moreover, creative workers have a higher propensity to become entrepreneurs compared to non-creative workers, even considering the individual characteristics such as education and firm's characteristics. This paper applies concepts and methodologies used previously in national and international studies and aims to establish a solid foundation, with empirical data for future research related to the themes of creativity, entrepreneurship and work.

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