scholarly journals Scalable and Secure Gradient Smart Dempster Shafer Reputation for Development of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthilselvi Ayothi ◽  
Shiny Duela Johnson ◽  
Ramesh Sekaran ◽  
Senthil Pandi Sankareshwaran ◽  
Manikandan Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Payment Method ◽  
Privacy Issue ◽  
Reputation Model ◽  
Gradient Function ◽  
Load Balancer

Abstract Over the last decade, blockchain has been considered an encouraging solution to secure distributed ledgers. Moreover, with the introduction of a pseudonymous payment method without a centralized database or authoritative person, blockchain has also evolved as the future generation for online payment system. However, with the eruption of a large scale database, scalability has also become a demanding issue. In addition to the obstacle mentioned above, challenges like security and scalability stop accelerated adjustments for the development of smart cities. Without directing this essential scalability and privacy issue, such an encouraging method may not help develop smart cities. This paper bestows a measure to analyze both scalability and security aspects of existing blockchain methods with applications of smart city networks. The proposed method is known as Gradient Smart Load Balancer and Blockchain Dempster Shafer Reputation (GSLB-BDSR). Gradient Smart Load Balancer is designed so that even though with the increase in the number of participating sensors, the load is said to balance by applying gradient function, therefore ensuring scalability. Next, to cover the security aspect, with the aid of scalable blocks in the blockchain network, a Blockchain Dempster Shafer Reputation model is proposed. Evaluation outcomes of proposed security solutions outperform conventional solutions.

scholarly journals Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-685
Author(s):  
Stephan Olariu
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Adaptive Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Traffic Signal Control Systems ◽  
Computational Resources

Under present-day practices, the vehicles on our roadways and city streets are mere spectators that witness traffic-related events without being able to participate in the mitigation of their effect. This paper lays the theoretical foundations of a framework for harnessing the on-board computational resources in vehicles stuck in urban congestion in order to assist transportation agencies with preventing or dissipating congestion through large-scale signal re-timing. Our framework is called VACCS: Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities. What makes this framework unique is that we suggest that in such situations the vehicles have the potential to cooperate with various transportation authorities to solve problems that otherwise would either take an inordinate amount of time to solve or cannot be solved for lack for adequate municipal resources. VACCS offers direct benefits to both the driving public and the Smart City. By developing timing plans that respond to current traffic conditions, overall traffic flow will improve, carbon emissions will be reduced, and economic impacts of congestion on citizens and businesses will be lessened. It is expected that drivers will be willing to donate under-utilized on-board computing resources in their vehicles to develop improved signal timing plans in return for the direct benefits of time savings and reduced fuel consumption costs. VACCS allows the Smart City to dynamically respond to traffic conditions while simultaneously reducing investments in the computational resources that would be required for traditional adaptive traffic signal control systems.

scholarly journals Breakdown in the Smart City: Exploring Workarounds with Urban-sensing Practices and Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Houston ◽  
Jennifer Gabrys ◽  
Helen Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Citizen Sensing ◽  
Urban Sensing

Smart cities are now an established area of technological development and theoretical inquiry. Research on smart cities spans from investigations into its technological infrastructures and design scenarios, to critiques of its proposals for citizenship and sustainability. This article builds on this growing field, while at the same time accounting for expanded urban-sensing practices that take hold through citizen-sensing technologies. Detailing practice-based and participatory research that developed urban-sensing technologies for use in Southeast London, this article considers how the smart city as a large-scale and monolithic version of urban systems breaks down in practice to reveal much different concretizations of sensors, cities, and people. By working through the specific instances where sensor technologies required inventive workarounds to be setup and continue to operate, as well as moments of breakdown and maintenance where sensors required fixes or adjustments, this article argues that urban sensing can produce much different encounters with urban technologies through lived experiences. Rather than propose a “grassroots” approach to the smart city, however, this article instead suggests that the smart city as a figure for urban development be contested and even surpassed by attending to workarounds that account more fully for digital urban practices and technologies as they are formed and situated within urban projects and community initiatives.

scholarly journals CitySpeed: A Crowdsensing-Based Integrated Platform for General-Purpose Monitoring of Vehicular Speeds in Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Costa ◽  
Adson Damasceno ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Search Filters

The development of crowdsensing-based technologies has allowed for the use of smartphones in large-scale data collection for different scopes of applications, mostly in a transparent and ubiquitous way. When concerning urban areas and smart city initiatives, the collection and further analysis of information about the highest number of vehicles is of paramount importance, potentially supporting more efficient mobility planning and management actions in modern cities. In this context, this article proposes a public general-purpose platform for acquisition and visualization of vehicular speeds, which can then be exploited by any additional application. For that, a crowdsensing-based mobile software application was developed to collect instantaneous speeds provided by smartphone GPS, formatting and distributing this information to a database system. Such historical data can then be exported or visualized through a web-based comprehensive interface, which provides valuable data when planning traffic mobility in cities; for example, indicating areas with heavier traffic over a certain time period. Therefore, allowing the use of many different search filters and supporting data delivery in the JSON format, the CitySpeed platform can provide services not supported by popular applications, such as Waze and Google Maps, and potentially assist smart city initiatives in this area.

scholarly journals Smart City as a Model for Sustainable Development of Territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
Konstantin Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
City Model ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of digital technologies on the sustainable development of ecological and economic systems. The main aspects that make the development of digital technologies especially relevant for environmental modernization and sustainable development are analyzed. It is shown that the large-scale use of digital technologies contributes to the development of new tools, models and methods of urban management. One of the promising areas for the development of the urban environment in these conditions is the concept of a smart city. Based on the analysis of research on the topic of smart cities, the effects of the use of the smart city model for the formation of the foundations of sustainable development of territories are noted.

scholarly journals Smart Cities of the Future as Cyber Physical Systems: Challenges and Enabling Technologies

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349
Author(s):  
Antonio Puliafito ◽  
Giuseppe Tricomi ◽  
Anastasios Zafeiropoulos ◽  
Symeon Papavassiliou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Urban Issues

A smart city represents an improvement of today’s cities, both functionally and structurally, that strategically utilizes several smart factors, capitalizing on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to increase the city’s sustainable growth and strengthen the city’s functions, while ensuring the citizens’ enhanced quality of life and health. Cities can be viewed as a microcosm of interconnected “objects” with which citizens interact daily, which represents an extremely interesting example of a cyber physical system (CPS), where the continuous monitoring of a city’s status occurs through sensors and processors applied within the real-world infrastructure. Each object in a city can be both the collector and distributor of information regarding mobility, energy consumption, air pollution as well as potentially offering cultural and tourist information. As a consequence, the cyber and real worlds are strongly linked and interdependent in a smart city. New services can be deployed when needed, and evaluation mechanisms can be set up to assess the health and success of a smart city. In particular, the objectives of creating ICT-enabled smart city environments target (but are not limited to) improved city services; optimized decision-making; the creation of smart urban infrastructures; the orchestration of cyber and physical resources; addressing challenging urban issues, such as environmental pollution, transportation management, energy usage and public health; the optimization of the use and benefits of next generation (5G and beyond) communication; the capitalization of social networks and their analysis; support for tactile internet applications; and the inspiration of urban citizens to improve their quality of life. However, the large scale deployment of cyber-physical-social systems faces a series of challenges and issues (e.g., energy efficiency requirements, architecture, protocol stack design, implementation, and security), which requires more smart sensing and computing methods as well as advanced networking and communications technologies to provide more pervasive cyber-physical-social services. In this paper, we discuss the challenges, the state-of-the-art, and the solutions to a set of currently unresolved key questions related to CPSs and smart cities.

scholarly journals Can Smart City Policy Facilitate the Low-Carbon Economy in China? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on Pilot City

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Fan ◽  
Shengnan Peng ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
City Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Economy

This paper studies the impact of the implementation of smart city policy (SCP) on the development of low-carbon economy (LCE) in China. For this purpose, we developed a nonconvex meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to measure LCE and used the differences-in-difference (DID) analysis method in the econometric model to empirically analyze the impact of SCP on LCE, using the dataset of 230 cities from 2005 to 2018. The results show that the implementation of SCP can significantly improve the LCE of cities, and the dynamic effect test presents that the promotion of smart cities to low-carbon economy increases with time. In addition, SCP promotes the development of LCE by optimizing government functions and improving the efficiency of governance and the degree of implementation openness. But there is heterogeneity between different cities as follows: the implementation of SCP has a more significant effect on the promotion of LCE in central and western regions in China and large-scale cities and cities without strict environmental protection planning. Finally, the robustness test verifies the reliability of the experimental data again and puts forward conclusions and policy recommendations.

scholarly journals Smart city development projects in the Republic of Korea

R-Economy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Young-Sang Choi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Japan And China

Research relevance. The article discusses the experience of South Korea in the sphere of smart city projects. The study's relevance is determined, on the one hand, by the role smart cities play in the creation of the new urban living space, in enhancement of urban economy and, on the other, by the need to analyze and systematize the best practices of smart city development. Research aim. The study describes the development of the 'smart city' concept in South Korea. Smart city is understood as a complex eco-system, which, on the one hand, comprises a range of technological and socio-economic processes and, on the other, involves such actors as government, corporations, research organizations and urban communities. Data and methodology. The study relies on methods of comparative and evolutionary analysis to analyze the concept of smart city and its structure by focusing on the case of South Korea, the world's renowned ICT leader. The study also provides cross-national comparisons of the experience of other developed Asian countries (Japan and China), which, like South Korea, are actively supporting building of smart cities on the state level. Results. The study describes the main stages in the development of the smart city concept in South Korea as well as the main types of smart city projects (pilot projects, research validation projects, and city restoration projects). The study identifies problems of planning, design and implementation of smart city projects and compares the relevant experience of South Korea, Japan and China. It is shown that although smart city projects in these countries were launched in approximately the same period, each of these countries has its own approach to smart cities and ways of their development. Conclusions. The key to Korea's success in smart city development lies in large-scale direct state support, public trust in the government and the application of an integrated approach to smart city development. At the current stage, smart city services not only provide enhanced comfort to city dwellers but also create more opportunities for their personal growth.

A Study of Key Attributes Accountable for Development of a Smart City Projects & Factors Impacting its Implementation in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Sandeep Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Will Power

he concept of Smart Cities was first thought of by IBM in 2008 when world was facing its worst economic crisis. Then it was taken up by various countries around the world. The main objective here is to build and promote the cities which will provide the core infrastructure and provide the decent quality of life along with a clean and long-lasting environment which will be supported by smart technologies & solutions. Though smart city concepts are very new to India, where technology is mostly used in urban cities. So, in such a scenario one may ask a very basic question that “How a city can be made Smart?”. So, if we look around and see what are the things that some smart cities around the world are doing differently, then we may notice that they have addressed basic issues faced by any metropolitan city in a smarter way possible. For instance, we can see that the already developed smart city projects have addressed transportation, energy, crime, water management & other issues using current technologies & applications. If we leave aside the technology gap between rural & urban India, it is certain that Urban areas are already in need of Smart City Projects because of Population. But again, this needs a strong political will power to take quick decisions and aligned with technological advances such as E governance, online tendering of the government work which will be transparent and efficient. but often it is misunderstood that use of IT in administration and governance is the only meaning of Smart City Projects, but in fact if you are able to achieve all the issues such as administration, governance, transportation, water management, energy supplies, waste management, water treatments plants, meaningful use of public private partnerships in managing transportations and road constructions and evening installations of solar panels and LED bulbs across city. So basically, there are many factors contributing to create a smart city. The main factor which will drive this kind of ambitious projects are political will powers of government, without a political will power it is very difficult to complete the bigger projects. As there is lot on stake for such a large-scale project which will easily span over next decade.

On the application of Big Data in future large-scale intelligent Smart City installations

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Girtelschmid ◽  
Matthias Steinbauer ◽  
Vikash Kumar ◽  
Anna Fensel ◽  
Gabriele Kotsis
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Intelligent Filtering

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose and evaluate a novel system architecture for Smart City applications which uses ontology reasoning and a distributed stream processing framework on the cloud. In the domain of Smart City, often methodologies of semantic modeling and automated inference are applied. However, semantic models often face performance problems when applied in large scale. Design/methodology/approach – The problem domain is addressed by using methods from Big Data processing in combination with semantic models. The architecture is designed in a way that for the Smart City model still traditional semantic models and rule engines can be used. However, sensor data occurring at such Smart Cities are pre-processed by a Big Data streaming platform to lower the workload to be processed by the rule engine. Findings – By creating a real-world implementation of the proposed architecture and running simulations of Smart Cities of different sizes, on top of this implementation, the authors found that the combination of Big Data streaming platforms with semantic reasoning is a valid approach to the problem. Research limitations/implications – In this article, real-world sensor data from only two buildings were extrapolated for the simulations. Obviously, real-world scenarios will have a more complex set of sensor input values, which needs to be addressed in future work. Originality/value – The simulations show that merely using a streaming platform as a buffer for sensor input values already increases the sensor data throughput and that by applying intelligent filtering in the streaming platform, the actual number of rule executions can be limited to a minimum.

scholarly journals Federated Learning in Smart City Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chu Jiang ◽  
Burak Kantarci ◽  
Sema Oktug ◽  
Tolga Soyata
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
Novel Concept

Smart Cities sensing is an emerging paradigm to facilitate the transition into smart city services. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the widespread use of mobile devices with computing and sensing capabilities has motivated applications that require data acquisition at a societal scale. These valuable data can be leveraged to train advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) models that serve various smart services that benefit society in all aspects. Despite their effectiveness, legacy data acquisition models backed with centralized Machine Learning models entail security and privacy concerns, and lead to less participation in large-scale sensing and data provision for smart city services. To overcome these challenges, Federated Learning is a novel concept that can serve as a solution to the privacy and security issues encountered within the process of data collection. This survey article presents an overview of smart city sensing and its current challenges followed by the potential of Federated Learning in addressing those challenges. A comprehensive discussion of the state-of-the-art methods for Federated Learning is provided along with an in-depth discussion on the applicability of Federated Learning in smart city sensing; clear insights on open issues, challenges, and opportunities in this field are provided as guidance for the researchers studying this subject matter.

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