Semen analysis in “urology-naïve” patients: a chance of uroandrological screening in young male

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Toso ◽  
Marco Ticonosco ◽  
Salvatore Rabito ◽  
Maria Chiara Sighinolfi ◽  
Riccardo Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract Background Differently from female population, where gynaecological examinations begin during puberty, few men decide to be visited by urologist in youth. Given the participation to the Ecofood-Fertility trial, our department had the opportunity to screen young males supposedly healthy. Results From January 2019 to July 2020, we evaluated 81 patients with sperm analysis, blood analysis and uro-andrological examination. Inclusion criteria were age 18-40 and absence of previous urological disease (urology-naïve). The primary endpoint of the study is to record uro-andrological diseases occasionally discovered during examination in asymptomatic young men. Mean age was 25,7 years (range19-36); average testicular volume was 17,4ml (range12-22ml). 74,1% reported abnormal semen analysis: 43 cases of teratozoospermia, 12 astenozoospermia, 6 oligozoospermia and 2 azoospermia were discovered. 2/58 patients were diagnosed with hypogonadism. 2 cases with suspicious testicular mass resulted in testicular cancer. 14 suspected varicoceles and 6 patients with mild sexual dysfunctions were managed.Conclusion An uro-andrological evaluation of young asymptomatic males allowed for the prompt diagnosis of different urological conditions, including cancerous ones, in our series. Despite debatable, urological counselling with physical examination, semen-analysis and a laboratoristic-profile could be useful and cost effective in order to enhance males’ health.

Gender differences on the effects of aging on cardiac and peripheral adrenergic stimulation in old conscious monkeys

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H527-H534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Takagi ◽  
Kuniya Asai ◽  
Stephen F. Vatner ◽  
Raymond K. Kudej ◽  
Franco Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Effects Of Aging

We examined the effects of gender and aging on cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic responses to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation in young (male = 5.9 ± 0.4 yr old and female = 6.5 ± 0.7 yr old) and old (male = 19.8 ± 0.7 yr old and female = 21.2 ± 0.2 yr old) conscious monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis), chronically instrumented for measurements of left ventricular (LV) and arterial pressures as well as cardiac output. Baseline LV pressure, the first derivative of LV pressure (LV dP/d t), cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and heart rate in conscious monkeys were not different among the four groups. Increases in LV dP/d t in response to 0.1 μg/kg isoproterenol (Iso) were diminished ( P < 0.05) in old males (+99 ± 11%) compared with young males (+194 ± 18%). In addition, the inotropic responses to norepinephrine (NE) and forskolin (FSK) were significantly depressed ( P < 0.05) in old males. Iso-induced reductions of TPR were less ( P < 0.05) in old males (–28 ± 2%) than in young males (–49 ± 2%). The changes of TPR in response to NE and FSK were also significantly attenuated ( P < 0.05) in old males. However, the LV dP/d t responses to BAY y 5959 (15 μg · kg–1 · min–1), a Ca2+ channel promotor independent of β-AR signaling, were not significantly different between old and young males. In contrast to results in male monkeys, LV dP/d t and TPR responses to Iso, NE, and FSK in old females were similar to those observed in young females. Thus both cardiac contractile and peripheral vascular dynamic responses to β-AR stimulation are preserved in old female but not old male monkeys. This may explain, in part, the reduced cardiovascular risk in the older female population.

scholarly journals Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Veerle Ross ◽  
Nora Reinolsmann ◽  
Jill Lobbestael ◽  
Chantal Timmermans ◽  
Tom Brijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Proactive Aggression ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Driving anger and aggressive driving are main contributors to crashes, especially among young males. Trait driving anger is context-specific and unique from other forms of anger. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of trait driving anger to develop targeted interventions. Although literature conceptually distinguished reactive and proactive aggression, this distinction is uncommon in driving research. Similar, cognitive biases related to driving anger, measured by a combination of explicit and implicit measures, received little attention. This pilot study related explicit and implicit measures associated with reactive and proactive aggression to trait driving anger, while considering age. The sample consisted of 42 male drivers. The implicit measures included a self-aggression association (i.e., Single-Target Implicit Association Test) and an attentional aggression bias (i.e., Emotional Stroop Task). Reactive aggression related positively with trait driving anger. Moreover, a self-aggression association negatively related to trait driving anger. Finally, an interaction effect for age suggested that only in young male drivers, higher proactive aggression related to lower trait driving anger. These preliminary results motivate further attention to the combination of explicit and implicit measures related to reactive and proactive aggression in trait driving anger research.

scholarly journals Compartment Syndrome: an Acute Femoral Stress Fracture in a Young Male Athlete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie Kanovsky ◽  
Ernst J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Stress Fracture ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Fatigued Muscle ◽  
Fracture Osteosynthesis ◽  
Initial Fracture ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe incidence of an acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the thigh is less than 1%. It is most common in the setting of muscle overuse or muscle injury, as well as secondary to trauma, such as a femoral fracture. We present a case of an ACS in a young, healthy, and semiprofessional athlete with normal coagulation who sustained an acute stress fracture of the distal femur. After the initial fracture osteosynthesis, the patient suffered from a compartment syndrome in the right anterior aspect of the distal thigh. Following rapid surgical fasciotomy, the case was uneventful, and he returned to his preinjury sport level without any neurological consequences. This case confirms that ACS in the thigh is rare, but mainly occurs in young males with a large muscle mass due to participation in various athletic programs. We hypothesize that constant muscle over-usage primes for a larger amount of contused and protruding muscle mass in the small femoral compartment. Hence, the fatigued muscle subjects the bone to an increased mechanical force resulting in an overloading process. This ensues the accumulation of femoral microfractures and primes for the occurrence of an increased rate of stress fractures and an ACS in the thigh.

Abstract P038: Testosterone Supplements Have Differential Effects on Blood Pressure in Old and Young Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O Maranon ◽  
Licy L Yanes Cardozo ◽  
Carolina Dalmasso ◽  
Chetan N Patil ◽  
Andrew Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats

Testosterone (“T”) supplements are widely used by men to improve their quality of life, libido, and protect against osteoporosis. In clinical studies, both high and low “T” levels were found to be associated with hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Endogenous “T” levels are reduced in obese men and rats. We have shown previously that “T” supplements in middle-aged (6 mos) obese Zucker rats improved symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and caused weight loss, but increased their blood pressure. How “T” supplements affect hypertensive men and rats is unknown. We hypothesized that “T” supplements would further increase blood pressure (BP) in both old and young male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Old (O=20-22 mos) and young (Y=10 wks) male SHR were treated with “T” (testosterone propionate 8 mg/10 mm silastic pellet; OT and YT, implanted sc) or placebo (empty pellets; OP and YP, sc). Pellets were changed every 3 weeks for 8 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by telemetry for 2 weeks. MAP in OP was higher than in YP (OP: 166±7 vs YP: 148±0.5 mmHg, p<0.001). As we predicted, “T” increased MAP in YT (YP: 148±1 vs YT: 157±1 mmHg, p<0.001). In contrast, “T” decreased MAP in OT (OP: 166±1 vs OT: 155±1 mmHg, p<0.001). These data suggest that in younger men, especially men who are already hypertensive, blood pressure should be monitored closely during “T” supplementation in order to prevent further cardiovascular disease. Since “T” reduced MAP in older male SHR, these data suggest that “T” supplements may not be as detrimental in older hypertensive men as in young men. Future studies will need to be done to determine the mechanisms by which “T” increases BP in young males and the mechanisms by which “T” reduces BP in old males. Supported by NIH-R01HL66072, PO1HL51971 (JFR), 14POST18640015 (ROM), EFF Endocrine Res Grant (LLY).

scholarly journals Role of Th17-cell related cytokines in geriatric asthma

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Quan-san ◽  
Xu Xiaohong ◽  
Li ying ◽  
Sun Zhaojia
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Male Patients

Objective This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of geriatric asthma through immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, and glucocorticoid receptor-β (GR-β) expression. Methods We studied 51 geriatric male patients with asthma and 50 young male patients with asthma. We also included 21 normal geriatric males and 21 normal young males. All geriatric and young patients were divided into groups according to pulmonary function. Levels of cytokines, such as IgE, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GR-β, were measured. Pulmonary function was assessed. The results from patients were compared with those from the 42 healthy subjects. Results Serum IgE, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GR-β levels in geriatric patients with moderate or severe asthma were significantly higher than those in young patients with moderate asthma and in the normal population. Geriatric patients with asthma had higher asthma control test scores than did young patients with asthma. Conclusion Hormone resistance in geriatric male patients with asthma is more serious than that in young male patients with asthma. Airway inflammation and airway remodeling in geriatric male patients with asthma may be more serious than those in young male patients with asthma, even when there is similar pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Imaging Findings of Knee Trauma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Poonam Ohri ◽  
Shreeji Goya ◽  
Niveditha C ◽  
Manasi Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Knee is one of the major joints involved in kinesis. With increasing involvement in sports related activities especially in young people, Trauma related knee pathologies have increased. An accurate diagnosis regarding the type and extent of injuries is essential for early operative as well as non-operative treatment. Methods:This prospective study included total of 82 cases. The patients were referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis from indoor and outdoor departments of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar with suspicion of internal derangement of the knee and with history of knee trauma.Results:The most common age group involved was young males between 15-34 years. In all age groups most of the patients were males. Most common ligament to be injured was Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Partial tears were more common than complete tears. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears were less common. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tears outnumbered Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) tears and grade 2 tears were more common in both. Among the meniscal injuries Medial Meniscus (MM) tears were more common than LM and grade 3 signal was more common in both. Most of the patellar retinaculum injuries were associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL tears.Conclusions:Post-traumatic pre-arthroscopic MR imaging evaluation has proved to be cost-effective. MRI is an accurate imaging modality complementing the clinical evaluation and providing a global intra-articular and extra-articular assessment of the knee.

scholarly journals Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2017144118
Author(s):  
Kris H. Sabbi ◽  
Melissa Emery Thompson ◽  
Zarin P. Machanda ◽  
Emily Otali ◽  
Richard W. Wrangham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Differential Experience

Sex differences in physical aggression occur across human cultures and are thought to be influenced by active sex role reinforcement. However, sex differences in aggression also exist in our close evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees, who do not engage in active teaching, but do exhibit long juvenile periods and complex social systems that allow differential experience to shape behavior. Here we ask whether early life exposure to aggression is sexually dimorphic in wild chimpanzees and, if so, whether other aspects of early sociality contribute to this difference. Using 13 y of all-occurrence aggression data collected from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees (2005 to 2017), we determined that young male chimpanzees were victims of aggression more often than females by between 4 and 5 (i.e., early in juvenility). Combining long-term aggression data with data from a targeted study of social development (2015 to 2017), we found that two potential risk factors for aggression—time spent near adult males and time spent away from mothers—did not differ between young males and females. Instead, the major risk factor for receiving aggression was the amount of aggression that young chimpanzees displayed, which was higher for males than females throughout the juvenile period. In multivariate models, sex did not mediate this relationship, suggesting that other chimpanzees did not target young males specifically, but instead responded to individual behavior that differed by sex. Thus, social experience differed by sex even in the absence of explicit gender socialization, but experiential differences were shaped by early-emerging sex differences in behavior.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Measurements and Correlations to Glucometabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Erica Aldenbäck ◽  
Hans-Erik Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter

Abdominal obesity is associated with hypertension, increased fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol. Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to measure and define obesity and as inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been suggested to predict the amount of visceral fat, metabolic traits, and cardiometabolic risk superior to BMI. The aim was to test whether SAD has stronger correlations to glucometabolic traits compared to BMI. One hundred and fifty-five (108 women, 47 men) morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated before (baseline), 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). BMI was reduced from 43.7 kg/m2 (baseline) to 31.3 kg/m2 (12 months) and SAD from 32.6 to 23.2 cm (both p <0 .001 ). SAD correlated with CRP ( p = 0.04 ), fasting glucose ( p = 0.008 ), HbA1c ( p = 0.016 ), triglycerides ( p = 0.017 ), systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.032 ), and vitamin D ( p = 0.027 ). BMI correlated with CRP ( p = 0.006 ), triglycerides ( p = 0.016 ), vitamin D ( p = 0.002 ), and magnesium ( p = 0.037 ). Despite RYGBP surgery, vitamin D was significantly increased. Liver enzymes were significantly lowered after RYGBP and the change over time in SAD correlated with gamma-glutamyltransferase. SAD was superior to BMI to predict glucose disturbance and dyslipidemia implying increased use of SAD as it is cost effective and simple to perform in the clinic and could be of value when considering patients for bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals P–070 Evaluation of SARS-CoV–2 in human semen and effect on total sperm number: A prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Best ◽  
M Kuchakulla ◽  
K Khodamoradi ◽  
T Lima ◽  
F Frech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Study question Is the SARS-CoV–2 virus present in human semen and what is the impact on semen parameters following an infection? Summary answer SARS-CoV–2 infection, though not detected in semen of recovered men, can affect TSN in ejaculate in the acute setting. What is known already Early epidemiological data has suggested that the primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets, but the presence of SARS-CoV–2 has been identified in other bodily fluids such as feces, urine, and semen. Study design, size, duration We prospectively recruited thirty men diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV–2 infection using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of pharyngeal swab specimens. Thirty semen samples from recovered men were obtained 11–64 days after testing positive for SAR-CoV–2 infection. The median duration between positive SAR-CoV–2 test and semen collection was 37 days (IQR=23). Participants/materials, setting, methods Semen samples were collected from each individual using mailed kits. Follow-up semen samples were done with mailed kits or in-person in office setting. Semen analysis and PCR was performed after samples were received. Main results and the role of chance The median total sperm number (TSN) in ejaculate was 12.5 million (IQR=53.1). When compared with age-matched SARS-CoV–2(-) men, TSN was lower among SARS-CoV–2(+) men (p = 0.0024). Five men completed a follow-up sperm analysis (median 3 months) and had a median TSN of 18 million (IQR=21.6). No RNA was detected by means of RT-PCR in the semen in 16 samples tested. Limitations, reasons for caution First, most of the semen samples came from non-severe men of whom were in the recovery stage and lacked symptoms. Additionally, our sample size was relatively small and overnight mail-in semen analysis kits were used during the acute phase of infection to minimize contact with positive subjects. Wider implications of the findings: Our findings suggest extremely low risk of viral transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproductive techniques, although further data need to be obtained. The impact on TSC in recovered men from SARS-CoV–2 infection is concerning, nevertheless long-term follow-up of these men is critical to determine the nadir of TSC. Trial registration number 20200401

scholarly journals Detachable Lip and Cheek Plumper for Rehabilitation of Facial Disfigurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nada Fathalla Abdelbagi ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Fadia Awadalkreem ◽  
Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Oroantral Communication ◽  
And Function

Background. Hemimaxillectomy of acquired palatal defects may predispose the patient to hypernasal speech, leakage of fluids into the nasal cavity, impaired masticatory function, and swallowing difficulties leading to a detrimental impact on the quality of life. Sequentially, it can also affect individual character and trust in social life, leading to social phobia and anxiety. This article presents prosthodontic management of a young male patient with deformation of the entire right half of the face due to surgical removal of odontogenic myxoma. It describes a method where the clinician utilized a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective technique to cut the weight of the obturator and to attain aesthetics, utilizing a detachable lip and cheek plumper. Case Presentation. A 19-year-old male attended the Prosthodontic Clinics at Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Khartoum, eight months after the surgical removal of a tumor. The chief complaint was difficulty eating or drinking. Furthermore, he dropped out of school because of his facial deformity and his indistinct voice. Medical and dental history revealed surgical resection of the entire right half of the maxillary alveolar bone due to myxoma. Intraoral examination revealed a well-healed surgical defect in the maxillary right buccal vestibule creating an oroantral communication. A treatment plan was formulated, keeping the patient’s demand in mind. The decision was made to treat the patient with a maxillary obturator that would gain its support from the remaining teeth and tissues with a detachable cheek and lip plumper. The use of dental magnets as a means of attachment was elected. Conclusion. This article has described a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective method to improve facial appearance in patients with hollow faces. The plumper prosthesis successfully improved the patient’s appearance to the extent that comfort and function would permit and encourage self-esteem.

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