Gender differences on the effects of aging on cardiac and peripheral adrenergic stimulation in old conscious monkeys

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H527-H534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Takagi ◽  
Kuniya Asai ◽  
Stephen F. Vatner ◽  
Raymond K. Kudej ◽  
Franco Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
Effects Of Aging

We examined the effects of gender and aging on cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic responses to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation in young (male = 5.9 ± 0.4 yr old and female = 6.5 ± 0.7 yr old) and old (male = 19.8 ± 0.7 yr old and female = 21.2 ± 0.2 yr old) conscious monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis), chronically instrumented for measurements of left ventricular (LV) and arterial pressures as well as cardiac output. Baseline LV pressure, the first derivative of LV pressure (LV dP/d t), cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and heart rate in conscious monkeys were not different among the four groups. Increases in LV dP/d t in response to 0.1 μg/kg isoproterenol (Iso) were diminished ( P < 0.05) in old males (+99 ± 11%) compared with young males (+194 ± 18%). In addition, the inotropic responses to norepinephrine (NE) and forskolin (FSK) were significantly depressed ( P < 0.05) in old males. Iso-induced reductions of TPR were less ( P < 0.05) in old males (–28 ± 2%) than in young males (–49 ± 2%). The changes of TPR in response to NE and FSK were also significantly attenuated ( P < 0.05) in old males. However, the LV dP/d t responses to BAY y 5959 (15 μg · kg–1 · min–1), a Ca2+ channel promotor independent of β-AR signaling, were not significantly different between old and young males. In contrast to results in male monkeys, LV dP/d t and TPR responses to Iso, NE, and FSK in old females were similar to those observed in young females. Thus both cardiac contractile and peripheral vascular dynamic responses to β-AR stimulation are preserved in old female but not old male monkeys. This may explain, in part, the reduced cardiovascular risk in the older female population.

scholarly journals Toxic Y chromosome: Increased repeat expression and age-associated heterochromatin loss in male Drosophila with a young Y chromosome

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009438
Author(s):  
Alison H. Nguyen ◽  
Doris Bachtrog
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Repeat Content ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Active Transcription ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Sex-specific differences in lifespan are prevalent across the tree of life and influenced by heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In species with XY sex chromosomes, females often outlive males. Males and females can differ in their overall repeat content due to the repetitive Y chromosome, and repeats on the Y might lower survival of the heterogametic sex (toxic Y effect). Here, we take advantage of the well-assembled young Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda to study the sex-specific dynamics of chromatin structure and repeat expression during aging in male and female flies. Male D. miranda have about twice as much repetitive DNA compared to females, and live shorter than females. Heterochromatin is crucial for silencing of repetitive elements, yet old D. miranda flies lose H3K9me3 modifications in their pericentromere, with heterochromatin loss being more severe during aging in males than females. Satellite DNA becomes de-repressed more rapidly in old vs. young male flies relative to females. In contrast to what is observed in D. melanogaster, we find that transposable elements (TEs) are expressed at higher levels in male D. miranda throughout their life. We show that epigenetic silencing via heterochromatin formation is ineffective on the TE-rich neo-Y chromosome, presumably due to active transcription of a large number of neo-Y linked genes, resulting in up-regulation of Y-linked TEs already in young males. This is consistent with an interaction between the evolutionary age of the Y chromosome and the genomic effects of aging. Our data support growing evidence that “toxic Y chromosomes” can diminish male fitness and a reduction in heterochromatin can contribute to sex-specific aging.

Semen analysis in “urology-naïve” patients: a chance of uroandrological screening in young male

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Toso ◽  
Marco Ticonosco ◽  
Salvatore Rabito ◽  
Maria Chiara Sighinolfi ◽  
Riccardo Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Sexual Dysfunctions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Abstract Background Differently from female population, where gynaecological examinations begin during puberty, few men decide to be visited by urologist in youth. Given the participation to the Ecofood-Fertility trial, our department had the opportunity to screen young males supposedly healthy. Results From January 2019 to July 2020, we evaluated 81 patients with sperm analysis, blood analysis and uro-andrological examination. Inclusion criteria were age 18-40 and absence of previous urological disease (urology-naïve). The primary endpoint of the study is to record uro-andrological diseases occasionally discovered during examination in asymptomatic young men. Mean age was 25,7 years (range19-36); average testicular volume was 17,4ml (range12-22ml). 74,1% reported abnormal semen analysis: 43 cases of teratozoospermia, 12 astenozoospermia, 6 oligozoospermia and 2 azoospermia were discovered. 2/58 patients were diagnosed with hypogonadism. 2 cases with suspicious testicular mass resulted in testicular cancer. 14 suspected varicoceles and 6 patients with mild sexual dysfunctions were managed.Conclusion An uro-andrological evaluation of young asymptomatic males allowed for the prompt diagnosis of different urological conditions, including cancerous ones, in our series. Despite debatable, urological counselling with physical examination, semen-analysis and a laboratoristic-profile could be useful and cost effective in order to enhance males’ health.

Dynamics of Youth and Gender Divide in Technology in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 139156142110291
Author(s):  
Selim Raihan ◽  
Mahtab Uddin ◽  
Sakil Ahmmed
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Income Status

This article identifies the nature of gendered digital divides between male and female youth (aged 15–29) in the context of Bangladesh. As a measuring indicator for technology inclusiveness, this study examines whether a young male or female owns a mobile phone, the most basic means of accessing the Internet. As observed in the descriptive analysis, on average, 46% of young females have a mobile phone, compared to 79% young males. However, such disparity varies across age cohorts and the divides of rural–urban, poor–non-poor, richer–poorer income deciles, etc. To understand whether there is any significant discrimination against women in terms of technology inclusiveness, this study applies the Blinder–Oaxaca (B–O) decomposition technique. The decomposition analysis shows statistically significant discrimination against women in terms of mobile ownership at both the household and the individual level. The factors such as remittances, average years of schooling of the household members, urban residence, household’s income status, etc., significantly reduce discriminatory behaviour towards young females. JEL: D63, O33, I21

scholarly journals Toxic Y chromosome: increased repeat expression and age-associated heterochromatin loss in male Drosophila with a young Y chromosome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison H. Nguyen ◽  
Doris Bachtrog
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Repeat Content ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Sex‐specific differences in lifespan are prevalent across the tree of life and influenced by heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In species with XY sex chromosomes, females often outlive males. Males and females can differ in their overall repeat content due to the repetitive Y chromosome, and repeats on the Y might lower survival of the heterogametic sex (toxic Y effect). Here, we take advantage of the well‐assembled young Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda to study the sex‐specific dynamics of chromatin structure and repeat expression during aging in male and female flies. Male D. miranda have about twice as much repetitive DNA compared to females, and live shorter than females. Heterochromatin is crucial for silencing of repetitive elements, yet old D. miranda flies lose H3K9me3 modifications in their pericentromere, with heterochromatin loss being more severe during aging in males than females. Satellite DNA becomes de‐repressed more rapidly in old vs. young male flies relative to females. In contrast to what is observed in D. melanogaster, we find that transposable elements (TEs) are expressed at higher levels in male D. miranda throughout their life. We show that epigenetic silencing via heterochromatin formation is ineffective on the large TE‐ rich neo‐Y chromosome, resulting in up‐regulation of Y‐linked TEs already in young males. This is consistent with an interaction between the age of the Y chromosome and the genomic effects of aging. Our data support growing evidence that “toxic Y chromosomes” can diminish male fitness and a reduction in heterochromatin can contribute to sex‐specific aging.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in young adult patients with acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash R. Patel ◽  
David W. Louis ◽  
Michael Atalay ◽  
Saurabh Agarwal ◽  
Nishant R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Myocardial Edema ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Young Males

Abstract Background Messenger RNA (mRNA) coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine are known to cause minor side effects at the injection site and mild global systemic symptoms in first 24–48 h. Recently published case series have reported a possible association between acute myocarditis and COVID-19 vaccination, predominantly in young males. Methods We report a case series of 5 young male patients with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-confirmed acute myocarditis within 72 h after receiving a dose of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Results Our case series suggests that myocarditis in this setting is characterized by myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement in the lateral wall of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, reduced global LV longitudinal strain, and preserved LV ejection fraction. All patients in our series remained clinically stable during a relatively short inpatient hospital stay. Conclusions In conjunction with other recently published case series and national vaccine safety surveillance data, this case series suggests a possible association between acute myocarditis and COVID-19 vaccination in young males and highlights a potential pattern in accompanying CMR abnormalities.

The cardiac contractile function and hemodynamic control in rats after chronic adriamycin treatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Gorodetskaya ◽  
S. F. Dugin ◽  
M. A. Golikov ◽  
V. I. Kapelko ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contractile Function ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Cardiac Contractile

Cardiac contractile function and hemodynamic parameters of control and adriamycin-treated (2 mg/kg once a week for 10 weeks) rats were studied both in the anesthetized (hexenal, 20 mg/kg) and conscious state. Radiolabelled microspheres (diameter, 15 μm) were used to measure systemic and regional hemodynamics. No significant differences between the control and adriamycin-treated groups in cardiac contractile function, total peripheral resistance, and regional blood flow (except muscles) was found in anesthetized animals. In the conscious state, a significantly higher (+70%) total peripheral resistance combined with lower blood flow in the skin and spleen was observed in adriamycin-treated rats. The response of the heart rate to changes in the arterial pressure induced by nitroglycerin and phenylephrine injection was greatly diminished after adriamycin treatment. Isoprenaline (0.64 μg∙kg−1∙min−1) increased left ventricular contractile indices approximately twofold and heart rate by 30% in the control group, while in adriamycin-treated rats only minor changes in these parameters were observed. However, cardiac output rose by 36% and total peripheral resistance fell by 36% in these animals. Results show that prolonged adriamycin treatment leads to decreased inotropic response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation and reduced baroreflex control. These changes occur in the stage preceding congestive heart failure.Key words: adriamycin, baroreflex control, microspheres, contractility.

Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
V. G. Galonsky ◽  
N. V. Tarasova ◽  
V. V. Aliamovskii ◽  
I. S. Leonovich
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Vertical Size ◽  
Relative Concept ◽  
The Ideal

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

scholarly journals Sepsis as a Pan-Endocrine Illness—Endocrine Disorders in Septic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Weronika Wasyluk ◽  
Martyna Wasyluk ◽  
Agnieszka Zwolak
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Triiodothyronine Concentration

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. One of the elements of dysregulated host response is an endocrine system disorder. Changes in its functioning in the course of sepsis affect almost all hormonal axes. In sepsis, a function disturbance of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis has been described, in the range of which the most important seems to be hypercortisolemia in the acute phase. Imbalance in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is also described. The most typical manifestation is a triiodothyronine concentration decrease and reverse triiodothyronine concentration increase. In the somatotropic axis, a change in the secretion pattern of growth hormone and peripheral resistance to this hormone has been described. In the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the reduction in testosterone concentration in men and the stress-induced “hypothalamic amenorrhea” in women have been described. Catecholamine and β-adrenergic stimulation disorders have also been reported. Disorders in the endocrine system are part of the “dysregulated host response to infection”. They may also affect other components of this dysregulated response, such as metabolism. Hormonal changes occurring in the course of sepsis require further research, not only in order to explore their potential significance in therapy, but also due to their promising prognostic value.

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